Namibia Chiropractic Continuing Education

• Describe the kinematics of acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Comprehend the history and development of acceleration/deceleration research.
• Defend injury manifestation using Whiplash guidelines and models.
• Apply current model theories to better understand injury from acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Explain to the patient the effects on the body during front, rear and side collisions.
• Educate the patient on variables such as vehicle size and direction and the effects on the human frame during acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Apply the variables of patient age, gender, size, etc during acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Express an understanding of incidence, prevalence, injury and risk factors associated with acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Describe the normal biomechanics of the cervical spine.
• Discuss cervical spinal anatomy vulnerable to injury.
• Define the nature of soft tissue structures; joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia.
• Inform your patients of the symptoms and changes to soft tissue structures after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Explain the differences between scleratomal, dermatomal and myofascial pain.
• Discuss prognosis after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Describe the normal biomechanics of the TMJ and associated soft tissue structures.
• Discuss injury to the TMJ and associated soft tissue structures.
• Explain the effects of trauma to the soft tissue of the spine, structures of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle and foot after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Describe the normal biomechanics of the thoracic spine and rib cage.
• Describe the normal biomechanics of the lumbopelvic spine.
• Educate the patient on complicating factors for treatment after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Determine the necessity and value of imaging and advanced diagnostic imaging after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Perform complete examination of the soft tissue structures of the cervical spine, TMJ, thoracic spine, rib cage, lumbopelvic spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle and foot after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Utilize treatment protocols for soft tissue damage after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Perform soft tissue treatments such as strain/counterstrain, postisometric relaxation, postfacilitation stretch, somatic technique, active and myofascial release, exercise and stretch, mobilization, manipulation and modalities.
• Utilize above mentioned soft tissue techniques to treat the cervical spine, TMJ, thoracic spine, rib cage, lumbopelvic spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle and foot after acceleration/deceleration impact.
• Communicate to your patients the late effects of soft tissue injury after acceleration/deceleration impact.

• Describe biomechanics of movement of the joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, bursa, nerves and fascia of the lower extremity, pelvis and spine, TMJ and upper extremity.
• Explain weight distribution and movement of ligaments, muscle and fascia in relation to the feet as foundation.
• Discuss soft tissue movement during standing, walking, running, twisting, bending, reaching and grasping.
• Relate movement interactions and stresses on soft tissues from one body region to another.
• Demonstrate to your patients, correct posture from the feet as foundation to the cervical spine.
• Educate and demonstrate the correct use of the core in posture.
• Show patients how to relax their shoulders using the thoracic spine as a lever.
• Describe and demonstrate appropriate gait in relation to correct posture.
• Explain to your patient how the soft tissue adapts to an unstable scoliosis.
• Apply understanding of injury dynamics in individual soft tissue structures (ligament, musculotendon, bursa, nerve, fascia).
• Interrelate soft tissue contractures from one region of the body to another.
• Learn passive and active examination techniques for all soft tissue structures of the soft tissue structures mentioned in Educational Objective 1.
• Review Applied Kinesiology as a tool for muscle isolation and clinical testing.
• Differentiate muscle strength testing from the proprioception evaluation of Applied Kinesiology.
• Integrate Applied Kinesiology examination and treatment into soft tissue evaluation and case management.
• Clinical examination of soft tissue structures of the soft tissue structures mentioned in Educational Objective 1.
• Apply examination findings into differentially diagnosing soft tissue fibrosis, scar tissue and adhesions, trigger points and pain radiation patterns.
• Inter-relate different regions of the body with local soft tissue findings.
• Discern appropriate clinical application for advanced imaging studies and soft tissue.
• Apply treatment protocols for ice, heat, stretching, Somatic Technique, Strain/counterstrain, friction massage, post-isometric relaxation, modalities, massage techniques, myofascial release, active release, Neuromuscular therapy, cold laser, exercise rehabilitations, mobilization and manipulation.
• Apply techniques mentioned in Educational Objective (above) as well as Applied Kinesiology to all joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, bursa, nerves and fascia of the lower extremity, pelvis and spine, TMJ, and upper extremity.
• Relate treatments to improved movement locally, regionally and other affected regions and educate your patient to reasonable goals.
• View the soft tissue structures of the body as a whole with recognizable patterns of dysfunction and treat these soft tissues for greater flexibility and function.

Hour 1

• Discuss the soft tissues of the body for examination protocol and differential diagnosis.
• Correlate soft tissue pain radiation patterns and history to focus examination to appropriate soft tissues.
• Explain to your patient the types of soft tissue pain and injuries related to their condition.
• Identify soft tissue dysfunction consistent with injury.
• Utilize passive examination techniques to accurately record the effects of soft tissue injury to local and regional soft tissues.

Hour 2

• Utilize active examination techniques to accurately record the effects of soft tissue injury to local and regional soft tissues.
• Discern between neurological muscle strength testing, proprioceptive muscle strength testing using Applied Kinesiology and actual muscle fiber strength.
• Apply biomechanics of the upper and lower extremities, spine and TMJ to soft tissue examination protocol.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the foot and ankle to associated soft tissues during evaluation.
• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the foot and ankle as the biomechanical foundation of the body.

Hour 3

• Apply biomechanics of the entire lower extremity to soft tissue examination protocol.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the knee to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the knee.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the hip to associated soft tissues during evaluation.

Hour 4

• Perform examination of the soft tissue structures of the hip.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the lumbopelvic spine to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Describe the movement of the soft tissues of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints for better patient compliance.
• Perform passive examination of the soft tissue structures of the lumbopelvic spine.

Hour 5

• Perform active examination of the soft tissue structures of the lumbopelvic spine.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the thoracic spine and rib cage to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Describe the movement of the soft tissues of the thoracic spine and rib cage for better patient compliance.
• Perform passive and active examination of the soft tissue structures of the thoracic spine and rib cage.

Hour 6

• Summarize biomechanics of the soft tissues of the cervical spine in their relation to the cranium.
• Relate the biomechanical movement of the soft tissues of the cervical sp8ine to associated soft tissues for evaluation.
• Perform soft tissue passive and active examination of the cervical spine.
• Determine cervical soft tissue dysfunction and its effects on the trunk, upper extremity and TMJ.

Hour 7

• Explain to patients the biomechanics of the TMJ in relation to their pain; and jaw and cervical spine dysfunction.
• Relate TMJ dysfunction in relation to biomechanical disturbances to the soft tissue of the cervical spine.
• Perform examination of the soft tissues of the TMJ with objective measurements to determine, record and track dysfunction and improvement.
• Describe the biomechanical movements of the shoulder.
• Relate the biomechanical movements of the shoulder to associated soft tissue structures of the cervical spine and thoracic spine and rib cage.

Hour 8

• Summarize biomechanics of the soft tissues of the elbow, wrist and hand for the purposes of examination.
• Relate the rotational movement of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand to determine soft tissue injury and dysfunction to associated soft tissue structures.
• Perform examination of the soft tissues of the elbow, wrist and hand to determine injury and dysfunction.
• Utilize appropriate advanced imaging methods for particular soft tissue structures.

Hour 1:

• Comprehend the human frame as interrelated biomechanical systems.
• Relate the functional anatomy of soft tissue structures to the movement of the human frame.
• Discern the six types of soft tissue end feel for evaluation of injury.
• Perform passive and active examination according to protocol developed by James Cyriax, MD.
• Distinguish between the types of injury and their effects on the soft tissues.

Hour 2:

• Identify soft tissue changes associated with injury.
• Discern which phase of healing is associated with the current presentation of injury.
• Apply mechanisms of healing to treatment protocol.
• Discuss diagnostic tools used to identify soft tissue injury.
• Utilize appropriate ice, heat and stretch protocols in the treatment of soft tissue injury.

Hour 3:

• Explain and perform Somatic Technique and Strain/Counterstrain.
• Understand friction anesthesia and palpatory methods for identifying trigger points.
• Differentiate between Postisometric Relaxation and Postfacilitation Stretch.
• Apply specific modalities for particular soft tissue injury patterns.
• Perform soft tissue restriction release methods.

Hour 4:

• Discern between mobilization and manipulation.
• Apply biomechanics of foot arch function to injury.
• Explain dynamic changes of foot during weight bearing, and walking on even and uneven surfaces.
• Utilize treatment protocols for common ankle sprains.
• Perform osseous manipulation to the bones of the foot and ankle.

Hour 5:

• Perform Strain/Counterstrain on the foot and ankle as an effective tool to release spasm and fixations.
• Discern and treat various pathological conditions related to the knee.
• Utilize myofascial release techniques to treat entrapment syndromes of the lower extremity.
• Explain functional movement of the hip.
• Apply functional kinesiology to the evaluation and treatment of the muscles associated with the hip.

Hour 6:

• Utilize treatment methods for contracted soft tissues of the lateral hip.
• Perform treatment protocols for the hamstrings/quadratus femoris.
• Explain the dynamics of correct posture.
• Recognize normal versus abnormal gait in patient observation.
• Describe nutation and counternutation of the pelvis.

Hour 7:

• Understand the various movements and fixations patterns in the Sacroiliac joints.
• Perform Strain/Counterstrain for the pelvis.
• Utilize a disc pump correction for mild to moderate disc lesions.
• Demonstrate James Cyriax MD protocol from manipulation of the low back.
• Devise a treatment protocol for sprain of the iliolumbar ligament.

Hour 8:

• Apply movement dynamics of the lumbopelvic spine to soft tissue injury.
• Utilize chest movement dynamics to help determine injury to the thoracic spine and rib cage.
• Provide affective treatment of the rib cage specific to rib articulations.
• Perform somatic Technique to the trapezius muscle for muscle awareness.
• Apply treatments to soft tissues of the rib cage without using electric modalities.

Hour 9:

• Discuss cervical spine mechanics as it applies to soft tissue injury.
• Create muscle awareness of the cervical extensor group with Somatic Technique.
• Reduce pain and spasm in an acute cervical spine injury using Strain/Counterstrain.
• Apply myofascial release to the soft tissues of the posterior cervico-thoracic spine.
• Educate the patient on corrective scoliosis exercises.

Hour 10:

• Relate the functional anatomy of the TMJ to soft tissue injury.
• Discern between Acute Closed lock and Acute Open Lock of the TMJ.
• Apply soft tissue treatments to the muscles of the TMJ.
• Use movement dynamics of the shoulder to better evaluate injury.
• Utilize a variety of soft tissue treatment in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Hour 11:

• Differentially diagnose acromioclavicular joint injury and apply treatment to grades 1-3.
• Use soft tissue methods to treat the muscles of the rotator cuff.
• Discern and treat soft tissue structures related to the scapula.
• Perform a scapula mobilization technique to free up the functional scapulo-thoracic joint.
• Apply mechanisms of throwing to soft tissue injury and treatment.

Hour 12:

• Describe various soft tissue treatments for the elbow, wrist and hand and related functional dynamics of injury.
• Osseously manipulate the joints of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Perform soft tissue treatment methods for injury to the myofascia associated with the upper extremity.
• Discern and treat all injured tendon sheath components of the wrist using soft tissue treatment methods.
• Differentially diagnose and treat nerve entrapment syndromes for the upper extremity.

• Explain the structural components of soft tissue.
• Relate impact forces to functional movements of soft tissue and the development of scar tissue and adhesions.
• Demonstrate diagnostic evaluation of soft tissue injury.
• Differentially diagnose types of soft tissue injury.
• Discuss the patterns of healing of soft tissue injuries.
• Describe the diagnostic tools in determining soft tissue injuries.
• Relate stress responses of soft tissues to development of structural and functional changes to injured tissues and their associated regions.
• Perform diagnostic tests and order imaging to best determine injury to soft tissue.
• Instruct the patient on correct application of ice and wet heat for soft tissue injury.
• Perform and explain proper stretching; passive, active and postfacilitation of soft tissues.
• Learn which therapy machines are best suited for your practice.
• Utilize infrared and electrical muscle stimulation in soft tissue injury.
• Apply appropriate contraindications of electric modalities to the individual patient’s care.
• Discern between the various EMS options for each soft tissue and injury (Interferentail current, galvanic, microcurrent, sine wave, Russian stimulation).
• Determine the most effective type of ultrasound for treatment of particular soft tissue injuries.
• Learn the benefits and applications of cold laser therapy.
• Understand the variety of massage therapy protocols and their applications.
• Discuss the benefits of each form of modality with your patient.
• Demonstrate and discuss exercise rehabilitation and muscle strengthening.
• Apply a combination of modalities for specific conditions of the upper and lower extremities and the spine.

• Discuss the normal function of soft tissues for support and movement to relate soft tissue injuries to postural anomalies. 
• Utilize the evaluation of the feet as a foundation for full body postural adaptations.
• Relate normal biomechanics of the foot, ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, spine, TMJ and upper extremities to normal posture and movement.
• Apply findings of injured soft tissues of the foot, ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, spine, TMJ and upper extremities to evaluation of normal and abnormal postural distortions.
• Discuss dynamic muscle stabilizers in the pelvis and abdominal core in relation to normal movement and fixations in the hip and pelvis.
• Relate the thoracic spine and rib cage to dynamic movement and postural adaptations in the spine, upper and lower extremities.
• Evaluate cervical joint dynamics in relation to compensations from the thoracic spine and rib cage, upper extremity and TMJ.
• Discern impact of TMJ function on cervical spine posture and head tilt.
• Relate abnormal scapular, glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff function to specific spinal and upper extremity postural distortions.
• Educate the patient in normal standing, seated, computer ergonomic, reclined, recumbent positions and normal gait to discern and recognize postural abnormalities.
• Relate functional dynamics during Acceleration/Deceleration Impact to soft tissue injury and postural adaptations to those injuries.
• Define causative factors for Scoliosis and relate muscle disparities of the multifidus to spinal, pelvic, rib cage and shoulder postural distortions for treatment protocol.
• Educate on causes of shoulder rounding, shoulder elevation; and backpack, throwing, tennis, golf, swimming, overhead sports injuries and their effects on spinal posture for rehabilitation.
• Understand and apply soft tissue treatment methods for the three posture types of Somatic Technique Theory: Red Light, Green Light and Dark Vise.
• Use Strain/Counterstrain, Friction Massage and Postisometric Relaxation as an effective tool for soft tissue damage contributing to postural distortion.
• Apply soft tissue treatment methods, modalities and rehabilitation to Pelvic Crossed Syndrome and Shoulder Crossed Syndrome.
• Apply Yoga for full body and regional postural corrections.
• Understand and explain proper postures for dance, martial arts, running, cycling, baseball, golf, tennis, standing, walking, sitting, computer ergonomics and sleeping.

• Identify the goals, indications and contraindications of spinal traction and decompression
• Predict responsive patient selection for spinal traction and decompression
• Plot phases of traction and calculate the appropriate force, traction and hold times
• Evaluate the validity of logarithmic pulls and disc targeting
• Define ethical behavior for billing and marketing of non-surgical spinal decompression device

• Develop and overview of Adult Golf Injury Assessment and Rehab
• Identify the nature of balance and applying balance assessment to golfers
• Review and Understand the concepts of coordination as applied to golf

• Identify which trunk muscles are used in the golf swing
• Review the Chiropractic influence on the golf swing
• Construct practical swing suggestions for golf patients
• Discuss fundamental conditioning concepts
• Prepare physical conditioning to improve club speed

• Differentiate the basic fundamentals of the golf swing and ball flight
• Understand the epidemiology of golf injuries in both professionals and amateurs
• Discuss the factors that influence injury formation and prevention
• Learn the shoulder muscles involved in the various phases of the golf swing and apply this knowledge to examination and rehabilitation
• Learn about the relationship between back pain and elite golf mechanics
• Determine the spinal and metabolic loading characteristics associated with golf

• Illustrate basic principles of cardiorespiratory exercise
• Outline health screening and physical fitness testing
• Create cardiorespiratory and strength training exercise prescriptions

• Describe the biomechanical fundamentals of grip, posture and swing
• Identify golf injuries and golfers’ problems
• Develop protocols of rehab, strength training and adjusting for golfers

• Investigate the anatomical structures strained during the Ober and Modified Ober tests for iliotibial band concerns
• Evaluate the utility of screening tests for predicting injury risk in athletes
• Describe the biomechanics associated with the extensor carpi ulnaris and recognize the variety of pathologies that can affect this structure
• Summarize recommendations for the assessment, diagnosis and management of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
• Assess whether expert and novice Functional Movement Screen raters can report the same scores

• Illustrate the pathogenesis of CADs ­dissection mechanisms
• Identify putative causes and triggers of CAD
• Estimate the purported incidence of cerebrovascular syndromes following cervical manipulation
• Distinguish between the neurological syndromes
• Identify stroke risk factors in general
• Assess the value of pre-manipulation testing: to screen or not to screen?
• Outline the warning signs/symptoms of CAD
• Indicate what to include in the patient history and examination
• Describe what to do if you suspect CAD
• Point out how to communicate risk to patients as well as implementing strategies to prevent CAD
• Assess the current literature on the relationship between stroke and manipulation
• Describe the anatomy of the blood supply to the brain
• Summarize the clinical biomechanics of vertebral arteries
• Outline the epidemiology and classification of cervicocerebral (vertebral and internal carotid) arterial dissections (CAD) or strokes
• Recognize the diseases affecting cervicocerebral arteries

• Compare the associations of chiropractic care and stroke with primary care physician (PCP) care and stroke in the Medicare population
• Quantify risk of stroke after chiropractic spinal manipulation, as compared to evaluation by a primary care physician, for Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 to 99 years with neck pain
• Determine the hemodynamics in the Circle of Willis with Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis under cervical rotatory manipulation: a finite element analysis
• Review compensation claims for chiropractic in Denmark and Norway 2004-2012
• Examine the risk of traumatic injury associated with chiropractic SMT in the Medicare population

• Compare the risk of injury (via Medicare data) between two cohorts of patients treated by chiropractic spinal manipulation versus treatment by a primary care physician
• Investigate the association between chiropractic manipulative treatment and vertebrobasilar artery stroke
• Assess the level and quality of evidence regarding the potential association between cervical manipulation and cervical artery dissection/stroke
• Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative vertebrobasilar tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios in adults
• Observe vertebral artery blood-flow after cervical manipulation and various head positions

• Outline methods used and estimations as to the incidence of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Review and describe cerebrovascular anatomy and hemodynamics.
• Discuss proposed patho-physiological mechanisms believed responsible for subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Review and discuss past and present scientific literature to explore the evolution of what we think we know about the process of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia.
• Identify radiographic signs of a vertebral artery dissection.
• List and discuss the uses, pros and cons of current examination tools as they apply to vertebral artery dissection.
• Explore issues and examination procedures related to patient assessment as well as vertebrobasilar ischemia recognition and proper diagnosis.
• Define and contrast currently suggested procedures and develop a vertebrobasilar ischemia plan of action.
• Explore various perspectives and reveal bias in both public media and biomedical journals.
• Identify and define new theoretical concepts and prophylactic therapies.
• Give multiple examples of anti-chiropractic bias in the biomedical literature
• List and describe the most common red flags for a patient “at risk” for suffering Vertebrobasilar Ischemia following cervical manipulation.
• Recite list of scientific studies relating to laboratory testing of plasma Homocystine levels and its relationship to Vertebrobasilar Ischemia from vertebral artery dissection.
• List examples of bias against chiropractic cited in both the popular media as well as in biomedical journals.
• Critically review landmark articles regarding the issue of cervical manipulation and vertebrobasilar distribution ischemia.
• List studies suggesting that a high plasma homocystine level may be associated with vertebrobasilar dissection.
• Cite studies suggesting that increasing folic acid intake can reduce plasma Homocystine levels.
• Identify laboratory tests that may be useful in helping calculate an individual’s risk of suffering vertebrobasilar stroke following cervical manipulation.

• Cite the strength of evidence about whether chiropractic neck manipulation causes cervical artery dissection (CAD) based on a systematic review, meta-analysis, and evaluation of the body of evidence as a whole
• Summarize our current state of knowledge on cervical artery dissection and how it impacts the practice of cervical spinal manipulation
• Outline the state of knowledge regarding bedside diagnosis and management of an acute vestibular syndrome, with the suspicion for stroke 
• Describe the demographics, past health care utilization, and comorbidities of vertebrobasilar artery stroke patients in Ontario, Canada who consulted a chiropractor within one year prior to their stroke
• Analyze the nature of internal carotid artery biomechanics and associated risk of injury during cervical spinal manipulation

• Describe the profile of suicide in the US, noting psychosocial and cultural factors that effect risk
• Identify 3 common precipitating events for suicide attempts
• Describe risk factors for suicide including co-existing psychiatric disorders
• Name the most frequent co-existing psychiatric disorders
• Use the sad person scale to assess suicide risk
• Give examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions
• Describe basic level interventions that take place in the hospital or community
• Identify key elements of suicide precautions and environmental safety factors in the hospital
• Describe the problem on non-suicidal self-injury
• Explain the range of self-protective behavioral responses
• Discuss 3 myths about suicidal behaviors
• Identify 2 cultural or social factors that relate to suicide
• Examine 4 categories of motivation for attempting suicide
• Explain how suicide affects family members and friends
• Describe 3 theories that attempt to explain the causes of suicide
• Discuss the occurrence of suicide throughout each life cycle
• Outline the process for assessing the suicidal potential of a client
• Choose 3 therapeutic goals and interventions for clients with suicidal behaviors

• Indicate the manifestations of military sexual trauma
• Cite the rate of disability amongst living veterans
• Describe the incidence and distribution of mental illness in the veteran population
• Define PTSD
• Recognize the DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD
• Explain the risk factors to developing PTSD
• Summarize the association between PTSD and Chronic Pain
• Describe the Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)
• Recognize the effects of PTSD on the family of sufferers
• Summarize the psychological and pharmacological treatment for PTSD
• Define depression
• List the DMS-5 Criteria for depression
• Recognize the signs and symptoms of depression
• Define survivor guilt
• Explain suicide prevention and the VA Risk Assessment Guide
• Outline the use of the SAD PERSONS instrument
• List the risk factors to suicidal behavior
• Outline the long and short term goals in suicide prevention, interventions and their rationale
• Define the characteristics of hopelessness
• List the outcome criteria for intervention for patients with hopelessness
• Explain the factors related to ineffective coping mechanisms
• List long and short term goals of the management of ineffective coping mechanisms
• Describe interventions and their rationale for the patient with ineffective coping
• Identify medications used to treat anxiety
• Recognize medications used to treat psychotic diseases
• Identify principal signs of depression and drugs used as treatment
• Recognize agents used as antimanics and medications for bipolar disorder
• Describe behavioral disorders found in adults and children and drugs indicated in treatment
• Explain the role of medications in treating Alzheimer’s disease
• Provide patient education for compliance with medications used to treat conditions and diseases of mental health and behavioral disorders

• Determine the epidemiology, etiology and background on obesity
• Assess the theories of obesity development and pathophysiology
• Outline the risks and morbidities related to obesity

• Outline the management of obesity
• Summarize the assessment of obesity for the busy clinician
• Synthesize the literature on the dietary management of obesity
• Discuss the role of exercise and physical fitness in the management of obesity and overweight

• Outline the principles of body composition assessment
• Review the anthropometic measures of body composition
• Discuss the circumference measurements of body composition
• Assess the laboratory and field assessments of body composition

• Outline the definition and components of health and wellness
• Review the dimensions of wellness
• Discuss various models of health and the need for wellness lifestyles
• Outline the publication and goals of Healthy People

• Discuss a common origin of lumbar disc pain
• Describe the orientation of lumbar facet joints
• Identify the effect of lordosis on the position of the nucleus pulposis
• Establish how injuries of the annulus fibrosus can cause nerve root changes
• Identify the dynamic stenosis of the lumbar spine

• Identify anatomical structures of the knee involved with anterior knee pain
• Diagnose fat pad and bursitis syndromes
• Establish pathologies of the patellar tendon in adults and children
• Differentiate different causes of patellofemoral pain
• Match clinical syndromes of knee pain with radiological appearances

• Identify the general anatomy of the knee joint
• Develop an intimate knowledge of the anatomy of the menisci and ligaments of the knee using gross dissection and cross-sectional imaging
• Understand the functional anatomy of the menisci of the knee and define the type and grade of meniscal tears
• Establish the conditions discoid lateral meniscus and meniscal cyst and understand the spectrum of treatment available
• Identify what type treatment is available for meniscal injuries and when it would be prudent to reevaluate a post-op patient with new knee pain

• Outline the physical basis of magnetic resonance imaging
• Identify patients that are candidates for an MRI
• Recognize categories of pathology in the spine that are imaged well with MRI
• Recognize cases that require contrast
• List contraindications for an MRI

• Identify and classify injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament
• Diagnose and develop treatment for injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament
• Diagnose and develop treatment for injuries to the medial collateral ligament
• Diagnose and develop treatment for injuries to the lateral collateral ligament
• Describe and classify ostochondritis dissecans of the knee

• Differentiate ossification from calcification
• Identify the categories of ossification
• Differentiate myositis ossificans progressiva from myositis ossificans traumatica
• Discuss imaging utilization with regards to ossification
• Review common and uncommon entities predisposed to ossification or calcification