Virginia Chiropractic Continuing Education

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the knee
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of knee function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving knee function
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the hip
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of hip function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving hip function and common clinical scenarios
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Review the walking gait cycle
• Review the running gait cycle
• Identify the key differences between walking and running gait
• Review the kinematics and kinetic differences between walking and running gait
• View case studies involving different walking and running gait styles
• Predict pathomechanics that may arise from gait abnormalities presented

• Review anatomical vs functional short leg
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of the short leg during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies looking at functional and anatomical short legs
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from a short leg
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Biomechanics 211 through Biomechanics 222

• Review fore foot to rearfoot relationships
• Review the different rear foot types
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of rear foot function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving different rear foot types
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Breakdown the gait cycle into its component parts
• Recognize some less common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis
• Assess actions of the lower kinetic chain during gait
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented

• Review how to determine foot type
• Describe and identify the five common foot types
• Explain how foot type effects gait biomechanics
• Compare and contrast different clinical examples of each foot type
• Discuss some treatments that can be utilized when a client presents with a particular foot type

• Briefly describe the history of the pedograph
• Compare pedographs with other technologies available for foot imprinting
• Explain how to obtain a reproducible pedograph
• Discuss pedograph interpretation and what it means clinically

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the foot
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of foot function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving foot function and common pathomechanics
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Define the crossover gait
• Visually identify the crossover gait
• Explain the biomechanical elements of the crossover gait
• Analyze the cross over gait
• Give examples of the cross over gait
• Integrate your knowledge of the cross over gait to formulate an appropriate treatment plan
• Outline some common exercises for cross over gait remediation

• Examine how arm swing correlates and integrates with the gait cycle
• Visually identify arm swing
• Explain the biomechanical elements of arm swing
• Analyze arm swing
• Give examples of normal and abnormal arm swing
• Integrate your knowledge of arm swing to formulate an appropriate treatment plan

• Define minimal vs. neutral vs. guidance vs. motion control shoes
• Contrast minimal vs. neutral vs. guidance vs. motion control shoes
• Discuss current shoe trends
• Discuss ramp delta and its implications in shoes and shoe fit

• Review the injuries associated with an improperly fitting bike frame and how to properly size a frame to a person
• Discuss how cleat position can lead to biomechanical problems and injuries related to power loss.
• Demonstrate how to properly place cleats on shoes to avoid injury and increase power transfer
• Discuss injuries that stem from inappropriate seat height, saddle for and aft position and handlebar reach and explain how to determine appropriate seat height, fore and aft saddle position and handlebar reach.

• Review static postural foot assessment as it relates to a case study
• Describe muscular compensations that may occur as the result leg length differences
• Compare muscular action vectors and their changes with aberrant foot mechanics
• Discuss the concept of flexor dominance and how it relates to the long flexors of the toes

• Discuss the gait cycle and gait cycle biomechanics
• Discuss Tetrasomy 18 and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy etiologies
• Discuss Tetrasomy 18 and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy gait abnormalities
• Propose rehabilitation strategies for abnormalities commonly seen in many neurological disorders

• Review the anatomical and functional causes of  leg length discrepancies
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of leg length discrepancies during the gait cycle.
• View and discuss several new case studies looking at anatomical leg length discrepancies and the impact of compensations to accommodate the fixed changes. 
• Discuss examination procedures to facilitate understanding of the pathomechanics resulting from a leg length discrepancy. 
• Propose intrinsic and extrinsic remedies for the gait abnormalities seen.

• Provide an overview of orthotic therapy
• Review orthotic casting processes and contrast differences and potential pitfalls in them
• Discuss common problems arising from orthotic prescription (blisters, pain during use, pressure spots, etc)
• Propose mechanisms for why problems occur biomechanically
• Present remedies for common problems that arise

• Discuss retraining CNS sensory and motor patterns
• Present several key concepts in visual gait analysis
• Introduce lesser known anatomical points of interest in the sacroiliac joint
• Discuss some rehabilitation strategies for the sacroiliac joint

• Discuss retraining CNS sensory and motor patterns
• Present several key concepts in visual gait analysis
• Introduce lesser known anatomical points of interest in the sacroiliac joint
• Discuss some rehabilitation strategies for the sacroiliac joint
• Discuss the ideal kinetics and kinematics of the walking gait cycle
• Present the normal lower extremity parameters/ontogeny surrounding the requisites for gait
• Explore the impact of lower extremity torsions on foot progression angle
• Highlight the differences between tibial and femoral leg length discrepancies
• View video examples of different aspects of gait
• Review the mechanics of the bridge exercise
• Discuss the current indexed literature surrounding the bridge exercise
• Describe potential pitfalls in performing and prescribing the bridge exercise
• Point out the differences of maintaining a "neutral spine" versus an increased or decreased lumbar lordosis
• Identify potential ways to correct faulty mechanics and optimize performance of the bridge exercise
• describe a new, novel test to diagnose gluteus medius tears
• explain the various functions of the gluteus maximus and medius
• explore the effects of a resistance band around the knees on the gluteus maximus, quadricep and valgus angles on the knees during a back barbell squat
• contrast gluteus medius resistance and rehabilitation exercises with respect to maximal recruitment
• discuss electromyographic activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris during the Monopodal Squat, Forward Lunge and Lateral Step-Up exercises

• Discuss the ideal kinetics and kinematics of the walking gait cycle
• Present the normal lower extremity parameters/ontogeny surrounding the requisites for gait
• Explore the impact of lower extremity torsions on foot progression angle
• Highlight the differences between tibial and femoral leg length discrepancies
• View video examples of different aspects of gait

• Review the mechanics of the bridge exercise
• Discuss the current indexed literature surrounding the bridge exercise
• Describe potential pitfalls in performing and prescribing the bridge exercise
• Point out the differences of maintaining a "neutral spine" versus an increased or decreased lumbar lordosis
• Identify potential ways to correct faulty mechanics and optimize performance of the bridge exercise

• describe a new, novel test to diagnose gluteus medius tears
• explain the various functions of the gluteus maximus and medius
• explore the effects of a resistance band around the knees on the gluteus maximus, quadricep and valgus angles on the knees during a back barbell squat
• contrast gluteus medius resistance and rehabilitation exercises with respect to maximal recruitment
• discuss electromyographic activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris during the Monopodal Squat, Forward Lunge and Lateral Step-Up exercises.

• Review ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the current indexed literature surrounding sandals and open back footwear relative to musculoskeletal symptoms
• Describe pathomechanics associated with wearing flip flops and open back footwear
• Contrast the ideal gait cycle with the gait cycle while wearing flip flops, sandals and open back footwear
• Identify potential ways to correct faulty mechanics associated with wearing open back footwear

• Review ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the indexed literature surrounding movement patterns, gait remodeling and therapeutic uses of a split treadmill
• Rehab gait movement patterns
• Develop a deeper understanding of arm swing, leg swing, and interlimb timing and coordination.

• Identify ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the indexed literature surrounding movement patterns, gait impairments and compensations.
• Analyze arm swing, leg swing, and interlimb timing and coordination.
• Interpret local foot biomechanics and compensations.

• Review the gait cycle and gait cycle biomechanics
• View and discuss case studies of gait pathologies
• Assess actions of the lower kinetic chain during gait
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies and rehabilitation strategies for the gait abnormalities seen

Hour 1

• Identify some common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis and develop mental strategies in evaluating the 3 cardinal planes of motion and potential failures in the loading of these planes.
• Categorize the Fast and Slow phases of an imbalance asymmetrical gait and define rehabilitation strategies to remedy the gait pathology.
• Develop a conceptual overview of how step length and stride length change in a limping gait.
• Breakdown portions of the gait cycle into its component parts, including compensation patterns
• Conceptualize the gait changes oriented around a hallux (great toe) amputation and learn to predict gait compensations off of a fixed anatomic anomaly.
• Describe arm swing and how it plays out in gait, particularly asymmetrical, and develop some treatment concepts in addressing this asymmetry.

Hour 2

• Discuss the critical function of the deep neck flexors and transverse abdominus, and how they related to gait, especially the running athlete.
• Identify the 3 compartments of the thoracolumbar fascia and translate them into gait concepts and treatment concepts.
• Develop treatment concepts in addressing this asymmetry and define in-phase and out-of-phase arm and leg swing assimilation
• Discuss on a surface level the concepts of speed in gait, and how to adjust the speed of one's gait to break down gait components that might lead to better treatment directions.
• Describe central pattern generators and relate to arm swing on a neurologic level.
• Recognize some common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis such as arm swing, step length, the cross over gait, and develop mental strategies in evaluating the 3 cardinal planes of motion and potential failures in the loading of these planes when it comes to these gait parameters.

• Present the etiology of blister and callus formation
• Review the gait cycle and the biomechanical events relevant to callus formation
• Review pronation and supination motions of the foot and how they relate to low and high gear push off
• Review the 3 rockers and how they can relate to callus formation
• Discuss the more common callus patterns in feet
• Describe the foot pathomechanics that lead to callus formation