Pennsylvania Physical Therapy Assistant Continuing Education

• Explain the physical properties of water, including buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and fluid dynamics
• Identify the effect of immersion on weight bearing and appropriately apply weight-bearing guidelines in a clinical situation
• Explain the physiologic responses of water immersion
• Compare and contrast the physiologic response of exercise on land and in water
• Identify and apply recommended guidelines for cardiovascular conditioning in water
• Design a comprehensive aquatic-based rehabilitation program for an athlete that uses the principles of stretching, strengthening, balance, and aerobic conditioning

• Explain the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors that predispose females to lower extremity injury
• Relate biomechanical and neuromuscular factors to the lower extremity injuries more commonly experienced by females
• Describe specific rehabilitation interventions targeting the neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors associated with lower extremity injury in female athletes

• Explain the fundamental basis of plyometric training, its origins, and its applications
• Describe the mechanical and neuromuscular physiologic processes involved in the stretch-shortening cycle and how it applies to plyometrics
• Describe the important clinical considerations surrounding the appropriate use of plyometrics in the orthopedic and sports medicine rehabilitation setting
• Describe and apply important fundamentals for the use of plyometrics as a rehabilitation tool, including pretraining assessment, application of exercise prescription principles, and injury prevention
• Design a basic plyometric training program at low-, medium-, and high-intensity levels
• Use a variety of upper and lower extremity plyometric exercises as a part of the rehabilitation process

• Identify common muscular injuries involving the quadriceps, hamstring, and groin areas
• Recall typical sports-related injuries to the thigh and apply appropriate treatment and rehabilitation strategies
• Apply different rehabilitation strategies based on stages of healing for soft tissue injuries of the thigh
• Recognize appropriate activities to increase muscular strength and endurance for the hamstring, quadriceps, and groin muscle groups
• Identify appropriate functional activities for rehabilitation of thigh injuries

• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on a healing/reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or lateral collateral ligament
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on the patellofemoral joint
• Develop appropriate rehabilitation programs for athletes with a variety of knee injuries
• Determine when to advance an athlete's rehabilitation program by using specifi c measurable criteria
• Discuss the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of arthrometry, lower extremity functional tests, and isokinetics
• Interpret information obtained from an arthrometer, lower extremity functional tests, and measures of strength

Rehabilitation of the LE: Thigh and Knee Injuries

• Identify common muscular injuries involving the quadriceps, hamstring, and groin areas.
• Recall typical sports-related injuries to the thigh and apply appropriate treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
• Apply different rehabilitation strategies based on stages of healing for soft tissue injuries of the thigh.
• Recognize appropriate activities to increase muscular strength and endurance for the hamstring, quadriceps, and groin muscle groups.
• Identify appropriate functional activities for rehabilitation of thigh injuries.
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on a healing/reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or lateral collateral ligament.
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on the patellofemoral joint.
• Develop appropriate rehabilitation programs for athletes with a variety of knee injuries.
• Determine when to advance an athlete's rehabilitation program by using specifi c measurable criteria.
• Discuss the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of arthrometry, lower extremity functional tests, and isokinetics.
• Interpret information obtained from an arthrometer, lower extremity functional tests, and measures of strength.

Shoulder Rehabilitation

• Incorporate biomechanical principles of the shoulder as they relate to prevention and postinjury or postsurgical rehabilitation for specific injuries.
• Associate anatomic structures of the shoulder to particular injuries based on function of the structures during the pitching act.
• Explain the role of the rotator cuff in shoulder arthrokinematics and prevention of injury.
• Develop a rehabilitation program for specific pathologic shoulder conditions that takes into account the biomechanical function and healing parameters for the anatomic structures involved.
• Advance an athlete through phases of shoulder rehabilitation based on specific criteria for progression.
• Incorporate rehabilitation limitations and concerns for specific postinjury and postsurgical pathologic shoulder conditions.

• Incorporate biomechanical principles of the shoulder as they relate to prevention and postinjury or postsurgical rehabilitation for specific injuries
• Associate anatomic structures of the shoulder to particular injuries based on function of the structures during the pitching act
• Explain the role of the rotator cuff in shoulder arthrokinematics and prevention of injury
• Develop a rehabilitation program for specific pathologic shoulder conditions that takes into account the biomechanical function and healing parameters for the anatomic structures involved
• Advance an athlete through phases of shoulder rehabilitation based on specific criteria for progression
• Incorporate rehabilitation limitations and concerns for specific postinjury and postsurgical pathologic shoulder conditions

Part I: Leg Pain in the Athlete: Stress Fractures, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, and External Compartment Syndromes

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Outline and describe nonoperative treatment for stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Outline and describe postoperative rehab after stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes

Part II: Tibial Shaft Fractures

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for tibial shaft fractures
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with tibial shaft fractures
• Outline and describe nonoperative treatment for tibial shaft fractures
• Outline and describe postoperative rehab after tibial shaft fractures
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of tibial shaft fractures

• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for shoulder impingement syndrome
• List and describe 6 physical examinations used for assessing shoulder impingement syndrome
• Define the key clinical features of rotator cuff tendinopathy
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for rotator cuff tendinopathy
• Define the key clinical features of glenohumeral osteoarthritis
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for glenohumeral osteoarthritis
• Define the key clinical features of glenohumeral joint instability
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for glenohumeral joint instability
• Define the key clinical features of adhesive capsulitis
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for adhesive capsulitis

• Define 3 key clinical features of lateral epicondylopathy
  
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for lateral epicondylopathy
• Define 3 clinical features of medial epicondylopathy
  
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for medial epicondylopathy
• Define key clinical features of olecranon bursitis, distal biceps tendinopathy, ulnar neuropathy and ulnar collateral ligament injury
  
• Outline and describe 2 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for olecranon bursitis, distal biceps tendinopathy, ulnar neuropathy and ulnar collateral ligament injury

• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
• Describe diagnostic criteria for each of the following conditions: DeQuervain's, CTS and Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis

• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of hip osteoarthritis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for hip osteoarthritis
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of iliopsoas tendinopathy and bursopathy
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for iliopsoas tendinopathy and bursopathy
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of greater trochanteric pain syndrome
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for greater trochanteric pain syndrome
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of hamstring strains and tendinopathy
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for hamstring strains and tendinopathy
• Describe diagnostic criteria for each of the following conditions noted above

• Outline 3 key characteristics of various knee injuries including OA, patellofermoral syndrome, patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy, ligament sprains, meniscal tears, iliotibial band friction syndrome and other knee disorders
• Summarize and list 3 treatment guidelines for all of the injuries listed above
• Define which modality is used for diagnosing each of the above pathologies
• Provide an outline of 3 exercises used in the rehab of each knee pathology listed above
• Define 2 specialized techniques used for each of the knee pathologies listed above

• Outline 3 key characteristics of various foot and ankle injuries including lateral ankle sprains, chronic ankle instability, Achilles tendinopathy, posterior tibial tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis and other ankle disorders
• Summarize and list 3 treatment guidelines for all of the injuries listed above
• Define which modality is used for diagnosing each of the above pathologies
• Provide an outline of 3 exercises used in the rehab of each foot and ankle injury listed above
• Define 2 specialized techniques used for each of the foot and ankle injuries listed above

• Outline the characteristic pattern of symptoms for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Describe 2 diagnostic criteria for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Summarize 3 components of manual therapy for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Discuss 2 specialized techniques for the treatment of cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy

• Describe 3 key characteristics of the following conditions: lumber facet/arthrosis/spondylosis, lumbar disc pathology, lumbar radiculopathy, lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolosthesis, spinal stenosis and other lumbar spine disorders
• List 3 therapeutic modalities for each of the above conditions
• Analyze 2 manual therapy techniques for each of the above conditions
• Describe 3 key components of the home exercise program

• Describe 3 key characteristics of sacroiliac joint dysfunction, piriformis syndrome and pelvic dysfunction
• List 3 therapeutic modalities for each of the above conditions
• Analyze 2 manual therapy techniques for each of the above conditions
• Describe 3 key components of the home exercise program

• Define sudden cardiac death (SCD) and list 2 epidemiologic and gender differences between male and female athletes
• Discuss 2 findings related to athletic remodeling in athletes
• Examine and explain 2 structural differences related to myocardial wall thickness and list 3 reasons related to these differences
• Describe oxygen consumption, congenital heart disease and bicuspid aortic valve differences between male and female athletes
• Examine and describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC)
• Describe the significance of the Marfan Syndrome

• Discuss 5 factors that effect the nutritional needs of a female athlete
• Describe the macronutrient needs of a female athlete including carbohydrates, fats and proteins
• Describe the micronutrient needs of a female athlete including iron, vitamin D, zinc, calcium, magnesium and B vitamins
• Define and differentiate other nutritional concerns including runners gut, gut ischemia, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccaharides, monosaccharides and polyols
• Examine and outline the effects of 4 important supplements including caffeine, creatine, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Beta-alanine

• Identify specific conduct and activities within the practice of healthcare that violate a host of regulatory and statutory proscriptions relating to fee splits and kickbacks
• Explain the development of current fee-splitting laws
• Distinguish the letter of the law regarding fee-splitting and anti-kickback legislation from unprofessional conduct and consequent harms the statutes were enacted to discourage
• Demonstrate a working knowledge regarding the roles played by the various state and federal enforcement agencies as they related to fee splits and kickbacks
• Assess ones working knowledge regarding the process by which anti-referral safe harbors developed and how they operate

• Evaluate sample healthcare employment agreement
• Explain the components of a well drafted healthcare employment agreement
• Relate likely enforcement of provisions included in healthcare employment contract
• Assess non-compete provisions through a judicial balancing test
• Distinguish the various methods by which a court will rehabilitate certain contract provisions and selectively enforce others
• Explain what kinds of contract provisions may run afoul of state and federal laws, including fee splitting and kickback prohibitions

• Evaluate a sample sale agreement and sample letter issued to patients upon dissolution of practice
• Explain components of any well drafted buy-sell agreement including non-competes
• Identify how to handle patient records vis-à-vis the sale
• Understanding forms and laws relating to the transfer of logos, trademarks and Internet Domain Names
• HIPAA Considerations
• Acquaint oneself with the tax consequences of particular types of practice sales
• Discuss valuation methods used for determining an appropriate practice sales price
• Identify legal concerns associated with the dissolution of a healthcare practice
• Recognize how sales can trigger violations: fee splitting, patient abandonment, kickback, and anti-trust

• Review functional anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Define and explore conservative management of rotator cuff, capsulitis and frozen shoulder
• Define predisposing factors of impingement
• Identify rotator cuff pathology and functional considerations
• Understand the conservative and postoperative treatment of rotator cuff disease
• Differentiate shoulder arthroplasty vs. arthrodesis
• Differentiate the pathology involved in anterior, posterior and multidirectional instability
• Define treatment principles for shoulder instability
• Become familiar with various shoulder exercises and the progression of exercise programs
• Incorporate proprioceptive exercises into a shoulder rehab program
• Explore the application of therapy

• Describe the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint
• Describe scapulothoracic motion and identify 3 factors that increase stress on the rotator cuff
• List 5 components included in a comprehensive evaluation of the shoulder
• List and describe 3 provocative examinations used to evaluate the rotator cuff
• Differentiate diagnostic imaging techniques used in shoulder evaluations

• Describe the pathomechanics involved in rotator cuff injury
• Describe 3 nonoperative treatment interventions in the treatment of rotator cuff pathology
• List surgical procedures and describe results in the management of rotator cuff pathology
• Differentiate the results and advantages/disadvantages of arthroscopic rotator cuff debridement
• Explore the diagnosis and treatment for bicipital tendinosis
• Describe the technique involved for open biceps tenodesis

• List 3 different nonoperative techniques for managing anterior glenohumeral dislocations.
• Describe 2 techniques involved in the surgical management of glenohumeral instability.
• Differentiate the 3 phases of adhesive capsulitis.
• Describe surgical and nonsurgical management of adhesive capsulitis.
• Examine the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of superior labral anteroposterior lesions.

• Become familiar with impingement syndrome
• List 3 extrinsic factors related to impingement syndrome
• List 3 intrinsic factors related to impingement syndrome
• Describe and differentiate the pathological stages of impingement syndrome
• Become familiar with shoulder-strengthening exercises
• Describe the classification of rotator cuff disease
• Examine and outline key features of rotator cuff disease in the athlete
• Examine rehabilitation issues related to pathologic conditions
• Review case studies for clinical application

• Become familiar with shoulder instability
• Review muscle mechanics and understand anatomy that contributes to shoulder dislocation and stability
• Define SLAP lesions and describe the characteristics of each type of SLAP lesion
• Review nonoperative treatment of SLAP lesions
• Outline 3 important features of postoperative treatment for SLAP lesions
• Describe the term rotator interval capsule and anatomy
• Become familiar with posterior instability along with symptoms and rehab
• Describe scapular kinetics associated with glenohumeral joint instability
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application

• Describe the etiology and classification of rotator cuff injury
• Describe and differentiate different types of rotator cuff tears
• Outline components of a shoulder evaluation for rotator cuff injury
• List and describe 3 tests used for evaluating a patient with rotator cuff injury
• Become familiar with biomechanical concepts involved with rehabilitation
• List and describe 3 rehabilitation principles involved in the treatment of rotator cuff injury
• Read and review case studies to understand clinical application

• Become familiar with visceral disease or condition that may cause referred pain to the shoulder
• Describe and differentiate visceral pain from musculoskeletal pain
• List 5 signs that may indicate a possible visceral disease or condition
• Review and recite 5 theories on visceral referred pain
• List organs and pathologic conditions and describe how they might refer pain to the shoulder
• List various signs and symptoms of conditions that may refer pain to the shoulder
• Read and review case studies to understand clinical application

• Become familiar with the management of trigger points of the shoulder
• Recite criteria for identification of a myofascial trigger point
• Examine and outline palpation techniques for indentification of trigger points
• Describe the pathogenesis of trigger points
• Outline treatment options and treatment techniques for trigger points
• Outline the use of 5 modalities used for treating trigger points

• Become familiar with and examine strength training concepts
• Define and differentiate different types of muscle actions
• Examine fiber types and specific adaptations
• Define and differentiate hypertrophy versus hyperplasia
• Describe mechanical changes in passive and dynamic muscle stiffness
• List properties of eccentric, concentric and isometric strengthening
• List 5 variables that affects strength training

• Become familiar with the etiology of rotator cuff tears
• Describe and differentiate various imaging techniques for diagnosing rotator cuff tears
• Outline nonoperative techniques for treatment of rotator cuff tears
• Examine operative techniques for rotator cuff repairs
• Explain results and expected outcomes for rotator cuff repairs
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application

• List 5 clinical considerations for total shoulder replacement
• Outline components for a comprehensive examination of the shoulder
• Describe and differentiate pathological conditions about the shoulder
• Outline rehabilitation protocols and categories of rehab following shoulder arthroplasty

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit(GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques for the patient with shoulder hypomobility
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Become acquainted with soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

Part I:

• Review functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Become familiar and understand current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• List and describe innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Apply a sytematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Recite the overall incidence of anterior glenohumeral instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of anterior shoulder instability
• Define and explaine 5 key features related to the clinical presentation of instabilty
• Explain differential diagnosis for anterior shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of posterior shoulder instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of posterior shoulder instability
• Examine and explain 3 key features related to the clinical presentation of shoulder instability
• Explain differential diagnosis for posterior shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of multidirectional shoulder instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of multidirectional shoulder instability
• Examine and explain 3 key features related to the clinical presentation of shoulder instability
• Explain differential diagnosis for multidirectional shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of superior labral tears
• Describe the pathophysiology of superior labral tears
• Understand the clinical presentation of superior labral tears
• Explain differential diagnosis for superior labral tears
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Explain the anatomy and functionality of healthy soft tissue components
• Explain the effects of injury on soft tissue
• Define effects of injured soft tissue on functionality of the spine and extremities
• Discuss patterns of musculoskeletal relationships of recruiting other structures after injury and their effects on functionality
• Describe various methods of treatment for dysfunctional soft tissue
• Explain relationship of injured tissue to its surrounding structures, its effects and treatment
• Explain compensation and recruitment of healthy tissue to the broader scope of complications and the effective treatment of primary and now secondary effects of injury
• Describe rehabilitation exercises in relation to proprioception

• Differentiate localized MPS and fibromyalgia
• Become familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of MPS
• Describe theory and benefits of Myofascial Release (MFR) as a treatment for soft tissue conditions including MPS
• Summarize 3 key points of traditional and modern Myofascial techniques

• Explain the types of soft tissue
• Demonstrate and discuss diagnostic evaluation of soft tissue injury
• Explain pain patterns of neurological injury for differential diagnosis
• Discuss types of soft tissue injuries
• Evaluate soft tissue changes associated with pain
• Discuss the mechanisms of healing soft tissue injuries
• Describe diagnostic tools in determining soft tissue injuries
• Explain the use of ice and heat in soft tissue injuries
• Demonstrate and discuss stretching; passive, active and postfacilitation
• Demonstrate and discuss somatic technique
• Demonstrate and discuss strain/counterstrain
• Demonstrate and discuss friction massage
• Demonstrate and discuss Postisometric relaxation
• Demonstrate and discuss electrical muscle stimulation and ultrasound
• Demonstrate and discuss triggerpoint ultrasound in treatment
• Discuss massage therapy
• Demonstrate and discuss myofascial release
• Demonstrate and discuss active release
• Demonstrate and discuss Neuromuscular Therapy (NMT)
• Discuss cold laser therapy
• Demonstrate and discuss exercise rehabilitation and muscle strengthening
• Discuss mobilization and manipulation

• Explain the structural anatomy of the shoulder and its soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the shoulder and its soft tissue.
• Demonstrate the active and passive examination of the shoulder and soft tissue.
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, bursa and muscles of the shoulder
• Describe sports injures to the shoulder.
• Describe injuries to the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the shoulder.
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, bursa and muscles of the shoulder.
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the shoulder.
• Define functional relationships of the shoulder with associated regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Demonstrate the active examination of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascia, bursa and nerves of the elbow, wrist, and hand
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the bony structures of the elbow, wrist and hand
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascia, bursa and nerves of the elbow, wrist and hand
• Define functional relationships between the elbow, wrist and hand and with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Discuss imaging of the cervical spine
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the cervical spine
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Explain the mechanism of acceleration/deceleration impact
• Explain the effects on the cervical spine from acceleration/deceleration injury, and specifically the effects on the soft tissues structures
• Explain the grading system for acceleration/deceleration injury
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the sequela of acceleration/deceleration injury
• Define relationships of the cervical spine with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the TMJ and its soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the TMJ and its soft tissue
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the TMJ and soft tissue
• Demonstrate the active examination of the TMJ and soft tissue
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the joints of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the ligaments of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the muscles of the TMJ
• Describe injuries to the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the TMJ
• Describe injuries from acceleration/deceleration impact to the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the joints of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the ligaments of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the muscles of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for acceleration/deceleration injury to the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Discuss imaging of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Discuss relationships of the thoracic spine and ribs with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain biomechanics of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate the passive examination of bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the lumbopelvic spine
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the lumbopelvic spine
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Define relationships of the lumbopelvic spine with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Explain biomechanics of the hip and knee
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee.
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the hip and knee
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the hip and knee
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Define relationships of the hip and knee with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Explain biomechanics of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the ankle and foot
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the ankle and foot
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Define relationships of the ankle and foot with other regions.

• Discuss the history and epidemiology of spinal cord injury
• Describe the anatomy of the vertebral column, including spinal cord, coverings, nerves, vascular supply, spinal tracts and autonomic nervous system
• Compare and differentiate between different levels and classifications of spinal cord injury
• Explain prognosis for recovery and prediction for outcome following spinal cord injury
• Compare pharmacological and surgical interventions to enhance recovery and regeneration

• Describe and differentiate functional outcomes related to level of SCI
• Become familiar with various adaptive equipment which may be used according to level of injury
• Examine 5 components involved in a bladder management program for both men and women
• Describe methods of communication used by individuals according to level of SCI
• Describe the role of therapist in educating patients with SCI

• Identify 10 patient considerations when learning transfer techniques
• Become familiar with transfer risks and how to avoid them
• Discuss the importance of proper transfer ergonomics
• Identify the significance of wheelchair management to aid transfer techniques
• List and describe 5 different types of transfers

• Discuss the history of FES
• Become familiar with various uses of FES with SCI rehabilitation
• Differentiate the parameters for the use of FES with SCI rehabilitation
• List 5 contraindications for FES
• Examine the physiology of FES
• Identify and define key terminology associated with FES
• Discuss the effects of FES
• Describe how FES can be used with cardiovascular reconditioning
• Discuss the role of FES with standing and gait
• Identify the significance of FES in the restoration of upper limb function

• Become familiar with various exercise considerations for the individual with SCI
• Differentiate work, anaerobic and aerobic capacity
• Describe and analyze how exercise impacts the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in the individual with SCI
• Discuss exercise parameters for the individual with SCI
• Identify metabolic alterations as a result of SCI to lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, body composition and osteopenia
• Discuss barriers to exercise implementation

• Identify key components of a comprehensive seating and wheeled mobility evaluation
• Discuss the considerations involved in selecting a power vs. a manual wheelchair
• Outline the importance of postural considerations involving the pelvis, trunk, upper and lower extremities and head positioning
• Differentiate frame types of manual wheelchairs
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wheel types and tire options
• Become familiar with various components of power wheelchairs
• Become familiar with different forces on tissue
• Outline the process of selecting an appropriate wheelchair cushion

• Define the anatomical terminology used in splint prescriptions
• Relate anatomy of the upper extremity to splint design
• Identify arches of the hand
• Identify creases of the hand
• Articulate the importance of the hand's arches and creases to splinting
• Recall actions and nerve innervations of upper extremity musculature
• Differentiate prehensile and grasp patterns of the hand
• Apply basic biomechanical principles to splint design
• Describe the correct width and length for a forearm splint
• Describe uses of padding in a splint
• Explain the reason splint edges should be rolled or flared
• Relate contour to splint fabrication
• Describe the change in skin and soft tissue mechanics with scar tissue, material application, edema, contractures, wounds, and infection

• List components of a clinical examination for splinting
• Describe components of a history, an observation, and palpation
• Describe the resting hand posture
• Relate how skin, vein, bone, joint, muscle, tendon, and nerve assessments are relevant to splinting
• Identify specific assessments that can be used in a clinical examination before splinting
• Explain the three phases of wound healing
• Recognize the identifying signs of abnormal illness behavior
• Explain how a therapist can assess a person's knowledge of splint precautions and wear and care instructions

• Describe clinical reasoning approaches and how they apply to splinting
• Identify essential components of a splint referral
• Discuss reasons for the importance of communication with the physician about a splint referral
• Discuss diagnostic implications for splint provision
• List helpful hints regarding the hand evaluation
• Explain factors the therapist considers when selecting a splinting approach and design
• Describe what therapists problem solve during splint fabrication
• Describe areas that require monitoring after splint fabrication is completed
• Describe the reflection process of the therapist before, during, and after splint fabrication
• Discuss important considerations concerning a splint-wearing schedule
• Identify conditions that determine splint discontinuation
• Identify patient safety issues to consider when splinting errors occur
• Discuss factors about splint cost and reimbursement
• Discuss how Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations influence splint provision in a clinic
• Discuss documentation with splint fabrication

• Discuss diagnostic indications for wrist immobilization splints
• Identify reasons to serial splint with a wrist immobilization splint
• Identify major features of wrist immobilization splints
• Outline 5 steps involved in the fabrication process for a volar or dorsal wrist splint
• Relate hints for a proper fit to a wrist immobilization splint
• Review precautions for wrist immobilization splinting
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a problematic wrist immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated wrist immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about the application of wrist immobilization splints to a case study
• Describe the importance of evidenced-based practice with wrist splint provision
• Describe the appropriate use of prefabricated wrist splints

• Discuss important functional and anatomic considerations for splinting the thumb
• List appropriate thumb and wrist positions in a thumb immobilization splint
• Identify the three components of a thumb immobilization splint
• Describe the reasons for supporting the joints of the thumb
• Discuss the diagnostic indications for a thumb immobilization splint
• Discuss the process of pattern making and splint fabrication for a thumb immobilization splint
• Describe elements of a proper fit of a thumb immobilization splint
• List general and specific precautions for a thumb immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate fit problems of a thumb immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated thumb immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about thumb immobilization splinting to a case study
• Outline 3 steps related to the importance of evidenced-based practice with thumb immobilization splint provision
• Describe the appropriate use of prefabricated thumb splints

• List diagnoses that benefit from resting hand splints
• Describe the functional or mid-joint position of the wrist, thumb, and digits
• Describe the antideformity or intrinsic-plus position of the wrist, thumb, and digits
• List the purposes of a resting hand splint
• Identify the components of a resting hand splint
• Explain the precautions to consider when fabricating a resting hand splint
• Determine a resting hand splint-wearing schedule for different diagnostic indications
• Describe splint-cleaning techniques that address infection control
• Apply knowledge about the application of the resting hand splint to a case study
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a fabricated resting hand splint

• Define anatomic and biomechanical considerations for splinting the elbow
• Discuss clinical/diagnostic indications for elbow immobilization splints
• Identify the components of elbow immobilization splints
• Describe the fabrication process for an anterior and posterior elbow splint
• Review precautions for elbow immobilization splinting
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a problematic elbow immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated elbow immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about the application of elbow immobilization splints to a case study

• Analyze and describe the biomechanics of dynamic splinting
• Identify effects of force on soft tissue
• Understand the way to apply appropriate tension
• Identify common uses of dynamic splinting
• List the goals of dynamic splinting
• List the materials necessary for fabrication of a dynamic splint
• Explain the risks of applying dynamic force
• Identify contraindications for application of a dynamic splint
• Describe the fabrication steps of three dynamic splints
• Identify instances in which dynamic splinting is appropriate
• Explain sources of force in dynamic splinting

• Explain the functional and anatomic considerations for splinting the fingers
• Identify diagnostic indications for splinting the fingers
• Describe a mallet finger
• Describe a boutonniere deformity
• Describe a swan-neck deformity
• Name three structures that provide support to the stability of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
• Explain what buddy straps are
• Apply clinical reasoning to evaluate finger splints in terms of materials used, strapping type and placement, and fit
• Discuss the process of making a mallet splint, a gutter splint, and a PIP hyperextension block splint

• Identify the components of a peripheral nerve
• Describe a peripheral nerve’s response to injury and repair
• List the operative procedures used for nerve repair
• List the three purposes for splinting nerve palsies
• Describe the nerve injury classification
• Identify the locations for low and high peripheral nerve lesions.
• Explain causes of radial, ulnar, and median nerve lesions
• Review the sensory and motor distributions of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves
• Explain the functional effects of radial, ulnar, and median nerve lesions
• Identify the splinting approaches and rationale for radial, ulnar, and median nerve injuries
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a problematic splint for a nerve lesion
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a fabricated hand-based ulnar nerve splint

• Identify and describe the two historic trends in upper extremity tone-reduction splinting
• Compare the strengths and weaknesses of dorsal and volar forearm platforms
• Discuss the neurophysiologic rationale supporting the use of the finger spreader and hard cone
• Discriminate between the passive and dynamic components of spasticity
• Describe the difference between submaximum and maximum ranges as they relate to tone-reduction splints
• Identify and describe the two major components of orthokinetic splints
• Describe one unique characteristic for each of the following materials: plaster bandage, fiberglass bandage, inflatable splints, cylindrical foam, neoprene
• Successfully fabricate and clinically evaluate the proper fit of a thermoplastic hard cone
• Use clinical judgment to correctly analyze two case studies

• Describe special considerations for splinting older adults in different treatment settings
• Identify age-related changes and medical conditions that may affect splint provision
• Explain how medication side effects may affect splint design and care instructions for older adults
• Recognize how an older adult’s occupational performance may influence splint use and design based various factors
• Be familiar with a variety of prefabricated splint options and materials available to custom design splints
• Describe factors that influence methods of instruction for an older adult and caregiver

• Explain the impact of upper extremity splinting on the development of childhood occupations
• Describe the major features and purposes of a resting hand, wrist, thumb, serpentine and weight-bearing splints
• Describe the process of fabricating each of these splints, as well as individual variations
• Explain precautions for these splints and their variations
• Explain how to provide instructions to care providers to maximize correct application and usage of splints
• Judge when a splint is fitting properly and identify and correct errors in the fit of a splint
• Examine evidence for splinting children and recommended future areas needed research

• Illustrate basic principles of cardiorespiratory exercise
• Outline health screening and physical fitness testing
• Create cardiorespiratory and strength training exercise prescriptions

• Understand epilepsy and seizure activity in athletes
• Describe the mechanism of brachial plexus injury, diagnostics, treatment and preventative eqiupment
• Understand complex regional pain syndrome, prognosis and return to play decisions
• List common sports associated with upper and lower extremity nerve injuries
• Describe the mechanism of injury of various nerve injuries
• Outline diagnositics, treatment options, return to play decisions for common neurologic problems in athletes

• Become familiar with neurologic problems in the athlete
• Understand headache in the athlete
• Become familiar with aspects of head injury in the athlete
• Outline the specific injuries affecting the pelvis, hip and thigh
• Recognize knee injuries and tests for assessing the knee
• Become familiar with ankle and leg injuries
• Outline foot problems affecting the athlete
• Define and differentiate shoulder problems in the athlete
• Understand treatment options for elbow injuries
• Describe prognosis and outcomes for thoracic and lumbosacral spine injuries
• Outline training guidelines and stress factors related to aerobic training

• List 5 causes of headache
• Outline principles for assessing headache in the athlete
• Describe treatment options for primary and sports related headache
• Describe the characteristics of migraine, cluster and tension-type headaches
• Understand the classification system of headache disorders

• Describe the epidemiology of head injuries
• Describe the pathophysiology of concussion
• Outline the evaluation process for assessing head injuries
• List the complications of head injury
• Differentiate between various types of head injury

• Become familar with anatomy of the pelvis, hip and thigh
• Outline the specific injuries affecting the pelvis, hip and thigh
• Describe the differential diagnosis of injuries occuring to the pelvis, hip and thigh
• Outline mechanisms of injury and treatment plans for injuries to the pelvis, hip and thigh
• Describe prognosis and return to play decisions

• Review anatomy of the knee
• Outline and describe a variety of tests for assessing the knee
• Become familar with meniscal injuries
• Describe treatment options for extensor mechanism problems
• Compare and contrast painful knee syndromes

• Outline and describe 5 tests for assessing ankle and leg injuries
• Differentiate and describe common clinical conditions of the leg
• Become familar with treatment techniques for ankle and leg injuries
• Describe various tendon problems around the ankle
• Become familar and describe problems around the foot

• Review normal anatomy of the foot
• Outline and describe 3 tests for examining the foot
• Describe and differentiate common problems affecting the foot
• Outline and describe neurologic problems affecting the foot
• List symptoms and examine treatment options for common foot problems

• List and describe 10 specific tests for assessing the shoulder
• Describe and differentiate common shoulder injuries
• Outline treatment options for a variety of common shoulder injuries
• Discuss neurologic syndromes that affect the shoulder
• Outline diagnostic techniques and differential diagnosis for common shoulder injuries

• List ancillary tests for assessing the elbow
• Outline and describe mechanisms of injury and examination of anterior elbow injuries
• Outine and describe mechanisms of injury and examination of posterior elbow injuries
•  Describe treatment options for common elbow injuries
• Discuss prognosis and return to play decisions for common elbow injuries

• Review normal anatomy of the  thoracic and lumbosacral spine
• Discuss biomechanics of the spinal column
• Outline and differentiate injuries of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine
• List symptoms and explain differential diagnosis for spinal column injuries
• Describe prognosis and return to play decisions for common thoracic and lumbrosacral injuries

• Become familar and define aerobic capacity or VO2 max
• Describe the lactate threshold associated with aerobic training
• Outline important concepts related to lactate threshold training
• List training guidelines and stress factors related to aerobic training
• Define and differentiate training principles including overload, progression, periodization, individualization and principles of specificity

• Summarize the rationale and 3 techniques for clinical evaluation for athletes with microinstability and impingement
• List the most appropriate imaging techniques to evaluate athletes with microinstability and impingement
• Outline non-operative and conservative treatment techniques
• Review author's preferred surgical technique for treatment
• Discuss treatment outcomes

• Review shoulder anatomy and pathoanatomy involved in instability
• Become familiar with the incidence of instability in contact athletes
• Define the treatment algorithm for managing patients with shoulder instability
• List criteria and outcomes for patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment
• Explore and explain which CT is the most accurate imaging modality for evaluation of glenoid bone loss

• Become familiar with the anatomy and biomechanics of traumatic and nontraumatic instability in young patients
• List 3 techniques for evaluating a young patient with suspected shoulder instability
• Review treatment and outcomes for acute management of shoulder dislocation in a young athlete
• Review operative treatment techniques for multidirectional shoulder instability
• Outline and examine 3 rehabilitiation guidelines used after arthroscopic anterior stabilization

• Become familiar with the diagnosis of unstable painful shoulder (UPS)
• Define key components involved in making a diagnosis of UPS
• Describe 3 imaging techniques used for making a diagnosis of UPS
• Become familiar with the treatment and outcomes for UPS
• Outline the condition of multidirectional instability along with diagnosis and treatment

• Outline and describe the 3 nonoperative phases of rehabiliation: acute, intermediate, advanced
• Review nonoperative techniques for posterior instability
• Define and describe acquired instability
• Become familiar with rehab protocol following Bankart Repair
• Review rehab protocols following stabiliation procedures

Part I: Imaging in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Comprehensive Approach

• Describe the use of plain radiographs, including anteroposterior pelvis, Dunn lateral, and false-profile view, and explain why they are key in initial assessment of patients suspected of femoroacetabular impingement
• Explain the role of imaging in preoperative planning
• Examine studies that have shown high incidence of labral tears in asymptomatic patients
• Differentiate the role of CT scan vs MRI
• Explore future directions of imaging with hip studies

Part II: Management of the Acetabular Labrum

• Become familiar with management techniques of the acetabular labrum
• Compare and contrast various techniques including debridement, repair and reconstruction
• Describe the structure and function of the labrum
• List 3 controversial indications for labral reconstruction

Part III: Chondral Lesions of the Hip

• Describe the clinical presentation of chondral lesions
• List and describe 3 treatment techniques for chondral lesions
• Summarize the postoperative care following the repair of chondral lesions

Part I: Capsular Management in Hip Arthroscopy

• Review normal capsular anatomy of the hip and list the most important structures
• Explore capsular pathophysiology and list 2 settings in which capsular deficiency may exist
• List 2 indications and 2 contraindications for capsular repair in hip arthroscopy
• List and describe surgical techniques
• Examine and write down 3 outcomes following repair

Part II: Iliopsoas Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

• Review normal anatomy of the iliopsoas musculotendinous unit
• Describe the mechanism involved in iliopsoas snapping
• List physical findings associated with iliopsoas snapping
• List and describe surgical treatment options
• Read the history and describe current management techniques

Part III: The Etiology and Arthroscopic Surgical Management of Cam Lesion

• Describe femoroacetabular impingement and list 3 associated characteristics
• Review the etiology and list 2 factors associated with this condition
• Compare and contrast diagnostic and imaging methods for potential cam deformity
• Outline 1 preferred surgical method of treatment
• Review and describe postoperative care

• Understand key components of the anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system
• Understand stroke syndromes that are associated with vestibular signs and symptoms
• Understand general concepts of vestibular rehabilitation

• Discuss the rationale for using rehabilitation technologies and theories that have guided their development
• Describe similarities and differences among different technology devices, specifically how they work and what they might add to the therapist's repertoire of treatment tools
• Evaluate results of empirical studies on the use of rehabilitation technologies for the paretic upper limb after stroke
• Identify considerations for choosing rehabilitation technologies for clinical use, including their potential benefits and limitations

• Describe how visual information is processed by the central nervous system
• Examine and explore how everyday living is affected if visual and spatial impairments are present
• Be aware of procedures to perform a visual screening after a brain injury
• Implement at least five intervention strategies focused on decreasing activity limitations and participation restrictions for those living with visual and spatial impairments

• Establish a relationship between neurobehavioral concepts and task performance
• Apply the theory on which the Árnadóttir OT-ADL Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE) is based as a structure for clinical observations of stroke patients
• Provide conceptual and operational definitions for neurobehavioral impairments and disability
• Apply clinical reasoning skills based on the A-ONE theory for hypothesis testing
• Relate the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the OT Practice Framework to the concepts used in the A-ONE
• Provide examples of how strokes can cause different patterns of impairments affecting task performance

• Understand how to implement the OT process in a manner that is client centered and is based on top-down reasoning and an occupation-based and/or occupation-focused approach to evaluation and intervention
• Describe the ADL Taxonomy, a structured self-report of a person’s strengths and problems with personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs)
• Understand how to evaluate the quality of performance of instrumental ADL tasks for a person with stroke
• Understand how to write occupation-focused documentation, including writing client-centered goals, for each step of the intervention processUnderstand the different models of practice that can be used to plan and implement occupation-based and/or occupation-focused interventions to enhance a person's performance of instrumental ADL tasks.

• Describe visual history
• Describe transitional tasks
• Have a basic understanding of one-handed baby care task performance
• Identify examples of adapted baby care equipment
• Apply parent child collaboration to a baby care task
• Identify an emotional or cognitive problem that can affect baby care
• Appreciate the importance of teamwork between OTs and mental health practitioners in services to parents who have had strokes

• Describe the normal anatomy and physiology of the swallowing mechanism
• Discuss the effects of stroke on the swallowing mechanism
• Describe clinical and instrumental assessment of dysphagia following stroke
• Describe various rehabilitative and compensatory techniques used to treat dysphagia after a stroke
• Discuss the efficacy of dysphagia intervention following stroke

• Understand the seating system and mobility system evaluation process
• Appreciate the difference between seating for rest and seating for activity performance
• Implement a treatment plan and identify the goals of the mobility device and seating and positioning system
• Appreciate the pros and cons of different mobility bases and seating system components
• Understand the influence of the seating system on carryover of treatment goals
• Appreciate the importance of the team process throughout the evaluation and fitting/ delivery process
• Understand the importance of fitting and training with the recommended seating system and mobility device

• Describe various mechanisms and neurophysiology of recovery from stroke
• Describe how imaging is used in regard to stroke recovery
• Outline 3 changes to brain function in relation to recovery of behavior after stroke
• List and describe 3 anatomical biomarkers used as predictors of recovery after stroke
• Describe how genetics can influence stroke recovery
• Outline 3 other factors that influence recovery after stroke
• Become familiar with the physiological basis of rehabilitation in stroke
• Describe rehabilitation training techniques that target the central nervous system, spinal cord and skeletal muscle

• Outline and describe 3 characteristics of each cortical aphasia
• Describe 5 different approaches to aphasia rehabilitation
• Describe characteristics and treatment for apraxia of speech and dysarthria
• Describe the 4 stages of swallowing and critical components of each stage
• Cite 3 key components in the evaluation and assessment of dysphagia
• Review and describe 5 syndromes that result from right hemisphere effected stroke
• Describe 3 emotional communication disorders that result from right hemisphere stroke
• Summarize and describe the scope and spectrum of poststroke cognitive dysfuntion
• Analyze and describe 3 ways to manage poststroke cognitive dysfunction
• Outline and differentiate the clinical characteristics of central poststroke pain

• Outline and describe 5 patterns of locomotor recovery after stroke
• Analyze and describe the effects of stroke severity on locomotor recovery
• Describe task-oriented training and differentiate it from neuromuscular re-education
• Summarize key components of at least 3 emerging and innovative approaches to upper limb rehabilitation
• Describe the use, application and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor restoration in hemiplegia
• Discuss what robots are and why they are used in stroke rehabilitation inlcuding 3 advantages and disadvantages
• Become familiar with and describe 5 components of using virtual reality and video games for stroke rehabilitation
• Analyze and describe walking recovery progression after stroke including biomechanics of poststroke gait, early and poststroke patterns of recovery
• Describe 3 components involved in walking rehabilitation interventions following stroke

• Become familiar with secondary ways to prevent stroke by examining a variety of risk factors and listing ways that each can be managed
• Examine and analyze cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health to prevent deconditioning after stroke
• Outline 3 strategies for designing exercise programs in stroke survivors
• Summarize and describe at least 5 medical complications after stroke
• Understand the physiology of spasticity after stroke and examine 3 ways to measure it
• Describe 3 ways of managing spasticity after stroke and the characteristics of each intervention
• Outline musculoskeletal complications after stroke and examine characteristics of pain, and common shoulder conditions after stroke

• Describe how orthotics can be used in the management of upper limb restoration after stroke
• List 3 ways that orthotics can be used in the management of lower limb restoration after stroke
• Summarize 10 indications for the use of AFO's
• Describe the role of functional electrical stimulation after stroke
• Describe and analyze the role of alternative, complementary and integrative medicine and therapy after stroke
• Examine movement therapies, manipulative and body-based practices after stroke
• Describe the role of seating, assistive technology and equipment management for individuals who have suffered a stroke
• Outline and describe the use of electronic aids for daily living and examine 3 ways that augmentative communication can be used after stroke

• Outline and describe 5 stroke-specific functional assessment tools and the role of each
• Understand and examine a variety of predictive factors that are related to stroke recovery
• Become familiar with and examine various stroke services and factors that influence stroke services
• Understand the common services and solutions that are available for patients with stroke
• Follow the progression of stroke rehab along the continuum of care and examine postacute rehab defining each state of treatment
• Become familiar with stroke in pediatrics. Outline the categories and epidemiology of pediatric stroke. Exam risk factors, diagnostic imaging and list 3 treatment and management techniques
• Become familiar with stroke in young adults. Outline the categories and epidemiology of pediatric stroke. Exam risk factors, diagnostic imaging and list 3 treatment and management techniques
• Become familiar with stroke in older adults. Outline the categories and epidemiology of pediatric stroke. Exam risk factors, diagnostic imaging and list 3 treatment and management techniques

• Become familiar with a variety of ethical issues in the care of stroke survivors
• Examine the various aspects and factors related to informed consent
• Outline and describe how stroke impacts family members and discuss the research on caregiver intervention
• Examine the various aspects for driving after stroke including neurologic disorders that effect driving, crash risk and determining fitness for driving
• Understand the role of sports and recreation after stroke and the importance of activity
• Become familiar with sexuality after stroke including the physiology of sexual function
• Understand vocational rehabilitation options after stroke and the role of employer accommodation

• Review pathoanatomy associated with PSI
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• Become familiar with surgical techniques for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabiliation protocols for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• List 3 complications involved in the arthroscopic repair of PSI

101: Arthroscopic Repair of Posterior Shoulder Instability (PSI)

• Review pathoanatomy associated with PSI
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• Become familiar with surgical techniques for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabilitation protocols for arthroscopic repair of PSI
• List 3 complications involved in the arthroscopic repair of PSI

102: Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Arthritis (GA)

• Review the pathoanatomy associated with GA
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic management of GA
• Become familiar with surgical technique for arthroscopic management of GA
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabilitation protocols for GA
• List 3 complications of arthroscopic management of GA

103: Arthroscopic Management of Shoulder Stiffness (SS)

• Review preoperative considerations for arthroscopic management of SS
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic management of SS
• Become familiar with surgical technique for arthroscopic management of SS
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabilitation protocols for SS
• List 3 complications of arthroscopic management of SS

104:  Arthroscopic Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis (LE)

• Understand the pathology involved in LE
• Explain the components for performing a comprehensive physical examination on a patient with LE
• Become familiar with imaging used for LE
• Explain the indications and contraindications for arthroscopic treatment of LE
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for arthroscopic treatment of LE
• Understand the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following arthroscopic treatment of LE

105: Open Treatment of Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis

• Understand the pathology involved in medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Explain the components for performing a comprehensive physical examination on a patient with medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Become familiar with imaging used in the diagnosis of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Explain the indications and contraindications for open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Understand the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis

• Review the pathoanatomy associated with GA
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic management of GA
• Become familiar with surgical technique for arthroscopic management of GA
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabiliation protocols for GA
• List 3 complications of arthroscopic management of GA

• Review preoperative considerations for arthroscopic management of SS
• Discuss indications and contraindications for arthroscopic management of SS
• Become familiar with surgical technique for arthroscopic management of SS
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabiliation protocols for SS
• List 3 complications of arthroscopic management of SS

• Examine and explain the pathology involved in LE
• Explain the components for performing a comprehensive physical examination on a patient with LE
• Become familiar with imaging used for LE
• Explain the indications and contraindications for arthroscopic treatment of LE
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for arthroscopic treatment of LE
• Describe and outline the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following arthroscopic treatment of LE

• Describe the pathology involved in medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Explain the components for performing a comprehensive physical examination on a patient with medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Become familiar with imaging used in the diagnosis of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Explain the indications and contraindications for open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis
• Explore the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following open treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis

• Describe the mechanism of injury in athletes with UCL injury
• Explain preoperative considerations including physical exam, imaging techniques, indications and contraindications to surgery
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for reconstruction of the UCL
• Outline the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following reconstruction of the UCL

• Review preoperative considerations for DBR
• Discuss indications and contraindications for DBR
• Become familiar with surgical technique for DBR
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabiliation protocols for DBR
• List 3 complications of DBR

• Describe the pathology involved in PIE
• Review preoperative considerations for PIE
• Discuss indications and contraindications for PIE
• Become familiar with surgical technique for PIE
• Examine postoperative considerations and rehabiliation protocols for PIE
• List 3 complications of PIE

• Understand the pathology and mechanism of injury involved in mensical tears
• Discuss 5 symptoms of mensical tears
• Become familiar with imaging techniques used to assist in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of meniscal tears
• Explain the indications and contraindications for AM
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for AM
• Understand the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following AM

• Understand the pathology and mechanism of injury involved in ACL tears
• Discuss 5 symptoms of ACL tears
• Become familiar with imaging techniques used to assist in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACL tears
• Explain the indications and contraindications for ACL reconstruction
• Become familiar with the surgical technique for ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft
• Understand the rehabilitation process, complications and expected outcomes following ACL reconstruction

• Describe the anatomy and contents of the carpal tunnel
• List and describe 4 physical tests for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome
• Recite 5 contraindications to endoscopic surgery
• Describe the procedure for the Standard Open Approach
• Describe the procedure for the Agee Single-Portal technique
• Describe the procedure for the Chow Two-Portal Extrabursal Technique
• List 3 complications each procedure mentioned above
• Discuss outcomes for each procedure mentioned above

• Describe the clinical features and characteristics associated with a ganglia
• List 3 frequent sites of origins where ganglia occur
• List and describe 4 methods of treatment
• Describe the anatomy of the dorsal wrist
• Describe the procedure for excision of dorsal wrist ganglion
• Describe the procedure for excision of volar wrist ganglion
• Describe the procedure for arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion
• List 3 outcome and 3 complications for each of the above procedures

• Describe fractures of the distal radius
• Define and differentiate the 5 types of fractures
• List and describe 3 goals of fracture management
• Describe indications and contraindications for the treatment of distal radius fractures
• Review anatomy surrounding the distal radius
• Describe the procedure using distraction plate fixation
• Describe the procedure using volar buttress plate fixation
• Describe the procedure using volar plating of intraarticular compression injuries
• Discuss post-op care and outcomes following surgical treatment of distal radius fractures

• Describe the anatomy of the PIP and DIP joints
• Review and cite indications for PIP and DIP dislocation reduction
• Define and differentiate the 3 types of dislocations
• List 3 contraindications associated with PIP and DIP dislocation reductions
• Review procedures involved in the reduction of PIP and DIP dislocations
• List 3 complications following PIP and DIP dislocation reductions
• Become familiar with post operative care following dislocation reductions

• Describe the anatomy of the rotator cuff
• List and describe 5 different tests for assessing the integrity of the rotator cuff
• Differentiate imaging techniques for roator cuff injury
• Describe how rotator cuff tears are classified
• List and describe indications and contraindications for arthoscopic repair of rotator cuff
• Discuss 3 different techniques for repairing rotator cuff injuries
• Describe post-op care and outcomes following rotator cuff repair

• Describe pathophysiology involved in stenosing tenosynovitis
• Discuss presenting symptoms associated with stenosing tenosynovitis
• Outline the steps involved in Finkelstein's movement and what elicits a positive result
• Describe conservative treatment measures for stenosing tenosynovitis
• List 3 indications for surgical intervention
• Discuss anatomy of the extensor tendons in the hand
• Review surgical procedure for De Quervain's Disease
• Review surgical procedure for trigger finger and thumb
• Review surgical procedure for percutaneous release of trigger finger
• Describe outcomes and complications following surgery for stenosing tenosynovitis

• Explore pathology of the rotator cuff
• Describe and differentiate 5 tests for assessing the rotator cuff
• List and describe 3 imaging techniques for assessing the rotator cuff
• Define and explain how rotator cuff tears are classified
• Discuss the goals and treatment of rotator cuff injury
• Review anatomy of the rotator cuff and related structures
• Describe the technique for acromioplasty
• Discuss post-op care, complications and anticipated outcomes

• Discuss pathology of distal biceps rupture
• Become familiar with physical examination for distal biceps rupture
• List indications and contraindications for distal biceps repair
• Review anatomy of the biceps and the antecubital fossa
• Describe the Boyd and Anderson two-incision technique for distal biceps repair
• Discuss complications, post-op care and anticipated outcomes

• Review anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Discuss pathophysiology of shoulder joint dislocation
• Become familiar with physical examination for shoulder dislocation
• List indications for shoulder joint relocation
• Review technique for performing Stimson maneuver
• Review Scapular manipulation technique
• Review External rotation method
• Review Milch technique
• Review  traction-counter-traction technique
• Review Spaso technique
• Review Posterior dislocation reduction technique
• Review technique for Inferior dislocation reduction
• Discuss post reduction care, complications and anticipated outcomes

Part 1:

• Review anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Discuss pathophysiology of shoulder joint dislocation
• Become familiar with physical examination for shoulder dislocation
• List indications for shoulder joint relocation
• Review technique for performing Stimson maneuver
• Review Scapular manipulation technique
• Review External rotation method
• Review Milch technique
• Review  traction-counter-traction technique
• Review Spaso technique
• Review Posterior dislocation reduction technique
• Review technique for Inferior dislocation reduction
• Discuss post reduction care, complications and anticipated outcomes

Part 2:

• Review anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Become familiar with shoulder joint dislocations
• Describe Bankart lesioins
• List 4 indicaitons for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• List 5 contraindications for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• Review technique for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• Discuss post-op management, complications and anticipated outcomes

• Review anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Become familiar with shoulder joint dislocations
• Describe Bankart lesioins
• List 4 indicaitons for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• List 5 contraindications for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• Review technique for performing arthroscopic Bankart repair
• Discuss post-op management, complications and anticipated outcomes

• Review anatomy of the median, radial and ulnar nerves
• Discuss indications for performing nerve block of the upper extremity
• List 3 contraindications for performing nerve block of the upper extremity
• Become familiar with general considerations prior to performing nerve block
• Review procedures for median nerve block
• Review procedures for radial nerve block
• Review procedures for ulnar nerve block
• List 5 complications of nerve block of the upper extremity

• Become familiar with nerve blocks for the lower extremity
• List indications and contraindications for nerve blocks to the lower extremity
• Review functional innervation of the foot
• Discuss general considerations for nerve block to the lower extremity
• Review technique for deep peroneal nerve block
• Review technique for posterior tibial nerve block
• Review technique for saphenous nerve block
• Review technique for superficial peroneal nerve block
• Review technique for sural nerve block
• Review technique for nerve blocks of the metatarsals and toes
• Discuss post-procedure care, complications and anticipated outcomes

• List 10 essential supplies for effective taping
• Outline 5 general guidelines for taping
• Become familiar with basic pathology appropriate for taping
• List and describe 5 taping techniques
• List 5 indications and describe taping techniques for taping the lower extremity
• List 5 indications and describe taping techniques for taping the upper extremity

• List and examine 3 categories of physical agents
• Outline and describe 4 effects of physical agents
• List contraindications and precautions for the use of physical agents
• Describe the process for evaluating and planning for the use of physical agents
• List important considerations for documentation for the use of physical agents

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Review the history of PAMS in physical medicine and rehabilitation
• Outline and analyze the role of PAMS in rehabilitation
• Discuss the use of PAMS and evidence based practice
• Describe how PAMS can be used in different health care settings
• List and define terminology associated with PAMS

• Outline and describe 3 phases of inflammation and healing
• Describe and differentiate chronic healing from acute healing
• List and examine various features that effect the healing process
• Outline and describe the healing of specific musculoskeletal tissues including cartilage, bone, ligaments and muscle
• Review case studies that highlight clinical application

• List 5 different modes of heat transfer
• Define and differentiate conduction, convection, conversion, radiation, evaporation
• Describe 3 effects of cold and 4 effects of heat
• Indicate 4 clinical uses for heat and 4 uses for cold
• List and describe 2 contraindications for heat and 2 contraindications for cold
• Analyze 4 adverse effects of thermotherapy
• Describe the application techniques of both hot and cold
• Describe important components for documentation for thermal modalities
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application
• Discuss clinical reasoning for choosing between cryotherapy and thermotherapy

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Describe the mechanism of pain receptors and how pain is transmitted
• Discuss the gate control theory and how pain is modulated and controlled
• Compare and contrast the 6 different types of pain including: acute, chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic, dysfunctional, and psychogenic
• Analyze 3 different ways to assess pain including the use of pain scales
• Describe 5 different approaches for managing pain including the use of physical agents, pharmacological, exercise, and other pain management programs
• Read case studies to highlight and understand clinical application

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Describe the various challenges to assessing tone abnormalities
• Compare and contrast hypertonicity vs. hypotonicity
• Describe and differentiate quantitative measuring of muscle tone vs. qualitative measuring of muscle tone
• Review and describe anatomical bases of muscle tone including neural and muscular contributions
• Describe abnormal muscle tone and list 3 consequences of abnormal tone
• Read clinical case studies to highlight and understand clinical application

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Describe and differentiate 3 different types of motion
• Describe capsular and noncapsular patterns of motion restrictions
• Analyze 5 pathologies that can restrict motion
• Compare and contrast examination and evaluation techniques for motion restriction
• Assess 3 methods for treating motion restrictions
• Discuss the role of physical agents in the treatment of motion restrictions
• List 5 contraindications and precautions to range of motion techniques
• Read and examine case studies to highlight clinical application

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Analyze the thermal and nonthermal benefits of ultrasound
• Discuss the clinical application of ultrasound in the use of soft tissue shortening, pain control, bone fractures and other clinical conditions
• List 5 contraindications and precautions for the use of ultrasound
• Describe application techniques and parameters surrounding the use of ultrasound
• Discuss components of ultrasound that should be included in documentation
• Examine and discuss the physical properties of diathermy
• Compare and contrast diathermy applicators
• Describe the thermal and nonthermal effects of diathermy
• Outline application techniques and understand positioning for diathermy
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

Introduction to Electrical Currents

• Define and describe 3 electrical current parameters including waveforms, time-dependent and other electrical current parameters
• Describe 3 positive effects of electrical currents
• List 3 contraindications and precautions for the use of electrical currents
• Outline the steps for application including patient positioning, electrode type and placement and list 3 general considerations

Electrical Currents for Muscle Contraction

• Describe the physiology involved in muscle contraction in the innervated muscle
• Describe clinical application for orthopedic, neurologic and sports medicine
• Describe muscle contraction for denervated muscle
• List 5 precautions and contraindications
• Outline parameters including, but not limited to, electrode placement, positioning, frequency and amplitude for the use of electrical stimulation for innervated muscles

(This content is NOT included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course)

• Discuss the physical properties of electromagnetic radiation
• Become familiar with the history and physical properties of lasers and lights
• List and describe 6 effects of lasers and lights
• Review the indications and contraindications for the use of lasers and lights
• Outline the steps involved in the application of lasers and lights
• Discuss important components involved in documentation with the use of lasers and lights
• Read case studies to understand clinical application
• Outline and describe the physical properties of ultraviolet radiation
• Describe 5 effects of ultraviolet radiation
• List and examine 2 clinical indications for the use of ultraviolet radiation
• List 5 contraindications and adverse effects for the use of ultraviolet radiation
• Describe application techniques for ultraviolet radiation

(Content from this course is included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course. Do not take this individual course if you plan or have taken TM 101)

• Describe 5 clinical indications for the use of spinal traction
• Outline and describe application techniques for mechanical traction, lumbar, cervical, self and positional traction
• Examine important aspects included in documentation for the use of traction

Electrical Currents for Soft Tissue Healing

• Explain how electrical stimulation facilitates wound healing
• Describe 3 parameters for electrical stimulation to promote wound healing
• Explore and list 2 parameters for the use of iontophoresis
• Describe the use of electrical currents for edema control
• List 3 precautions and 3 contraindications for the use of electrical currents in tissue healing

Electrical Currents for Pain Control

• Describe the use of conventional TENS, Low-rate and Burst-Mode TENS for the use of pain control
• List and describe 3 contraindications for the use of electrical currents for pain control
• Examine parameters such as waveform, electrode placement, amplitude, treatment time and frequency in the use of electrical currents for the use ofpain control
• Read case studies and highlight clinical application

(This content is NOT included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course)

• Define 4 physical properties of water
• Describe 6 physiological effects of hydrotherapy
• Examine 4 uses for the use of hydrotherapy in clinical practice
• List and describe 4 adverse effects and 5 contraindications and precautions for hydrotherapy
• Compare and contrast clinical use and application techniques
• Examine and describe 3 important safety considerations for infection prevention

(This content is NOT included in the Therapeutic Modalities 101 course)

• Describe 3 benefits and the effects of the use of external compression
• Outline and describe 5 clinical indications for the use of external compression
• List 5 contraindications and precautions
• Outline and describe application techniques for bandaging, compression garments, and compression pumps
• Examine the adverse effects of external compression

• Recite exercise guidelines and recommendations by the ACSPPSE, HHS and ACOG
• Outline and describe 6 benefits of exercise during pregnancy
• Describe 4 maternal physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy
• Describe 3 physiologic changes associated with exercise during pregnancy
• List 5 relative and 5 absolute contraindications to exercise during pregnancy
• Describe 2 fetal outcomes associated with maternal exercise during pregnancy

• Describe the mechanisms by which the skin is able to provide its 6 major functions
• Describe the structures, function and cellular composition of the skin layers, including layers within the dermis and eipdermis
• Explain the relationship between skin pigmentation and protection against ultraviolet light
• Compare and contrast the structural and cellular development of the skin in the fetus, premature infant, full-term neonate, adolescent and adult
• Describe at least 2 effects on the skin of the following: hydration, sun, nutrition, soaps and medications
• Compare and contrast the structure and function of dark and light pigmented skin

• Compare and contrast wound healing processes for each type of closure: primary, intention, secondary intention and tertiary intention
• Distinguish between partial thickness and full thickness wound repair
• Explain the difference between acute and chronic full thickness wounds
• Describe 4 characteristics of a chronic wound
• Describe the role of various types of cells in the wound repair process
• Describe features and characteristics of scarless healing
• Distinguish between keloid and hypertrophic scarring and the treatment of each
• Identify conditions and comorbidities that affect the wound healing process

• Describe the process of at least 5 factors that contribute to skin damage
• Distinguish among the following terms; macule, papule, plaque, nodule, wheal, pustule, vescile and bulla
• Describe 4 types of mechanical trauma by the extent of tissue damage associated with each
• Discuss 3 interventions for preventing each type of mechanical trauma
• Describe 3 preventive interventions for 3 common causes of chemical damage
• Describe the process of an allergic contact dermatitis
• Identify factors that predispose a patient to candidiasis
• Describe manifestations and care of skin damage due to irradiation

• Differentiate between skin inspection and assessment
• List 6 factors to consider when assessing darkly pigmented skin
• Distinguish between wound assessment and evaluation of healing
• Define partial-thickness and full-thickness tissue loss
• Compare and contrast a normal and an abnormal finding for each wound assessment parameter
• Describe how to measure the length, width, depth tunneling and undermining of a wound

• Describe the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers in various clinical settings and vulnerable patient populations
• Define pressure ulcer
• Identify the 3 most common locations at which pressure ulcers develop
• Describe the role of subcutaneous tissue and muscle in preventing pressure ulcers
• Describe the role of the causative factors for pressure ulcer formation

• Explain 3 justifications for a pressure ulcer prevention program
• Distinguish between an avoidable and an unavoidable pressure ulcer
• List components of a best practice bundle of a pressure ulcer prevention program
• Distinguish between a pressure ulcer risk assessment and a skin assessment
• Identify the risk factor subscales in the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk
• Distinguish between turning and repositioning
• Describe 5 repositioning techniques

• List 3 limitations to the reliance of capillary closing values for support surface evaluation
• List 4 factors to consider when interpreting the significance of interface tissue pressure readings
• Define pressure redistribution, immersion and envelopment
• Explain the difference between a reactive and an active support surface
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of support surface categories and features
• List factors to consider for appropriate selection of a support surface

• Describe 3 types of neuropathy that may occur in the patient with diabetes
• Identify critical factors to be included in the history and physical exam of the patient with lower-extremity neuropathic disease
• Describe the correlation of protective sensation with risk for diabetic foot ulcer
• Distinguish among the musculoskeletal foot deformities that lead to focal areas of high pressure in the patient with peripheral neuropathy
• Identify key concepts in effective and appropriate offloading

• Describe the role of debridement in the wound healing process
• List contraindications to debridement
• Distinguish between selective and nonselective debridement
• Compare and contract 4 methods of debridement: autolysis, chemical, mechanical and sharp
• List debridement options for the infected wound
• Describe 5 factors to consider when selecting a debridement approach
• For each method of debridement, list 2 advantages, disadvantages and relevant special considerations

• Identify 3 principles of wound management
• Describe the characteristics of a physiologic wound environment
• Identify at least 5 objectives in creating a physiologic wound environment
• Define the terms occlusive, semiocclusive, moisture retentive, primary dressing and secondary dressing
• List 2 indications and 1 contraindication for each dressing category
• Describe the factors to consider when selecting a wound dressing

• Become familiar with electrical stimulation for the use of wound healing
• Define terminology associated with electrical stimulation for wound healing
• Explain the physiologic effects of electrical stimulation
• List at least 2 indications for electrical stimulation
• List at least 2 contraindications for electrical stimulation

• Become familiar with ultraviolet light and ultrasound for the use of wound healing
• List at least 1 indication each for ultraviolet-C, high frequency ultrasound and low frequency ultrasound use
• List at least 2 contraindications for each modality
• Explain the mechanisms of action for each modality

• Identify the 3 phases of burn care and discuss the goal of each phase
• Discuss the causes of burns including thermal, chemical and electrical injuries
• Identify how the 3 zones of tissue damage relate to the depth of the burn wound
• Describe 3 methods commonly used to calculate the total body surface area of a burn
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of at least 4 topical burn care products and dressings
• Identify 3 principles of managing burn wounds in an outpatient setting

• Discuss current issues related to surgical wound infection and recommendations made by national collaboratives or evidenced-based guidelines to address these problems and improve outcomes
• Compare intrinsic and extrinsic patient characteristics associated with surgical wound healing complications or infection
• Identify wound assessment characteristics comparing the ASEPSIS method of evaluating wounds with Center for Disease Control and Prevention-defined characteristics for surgical site infection
• Identify evidence-based measures for surgical wounds including dressing, topical treatment, and care of sutures, staples and tissue adhesives
• Discuss 3 aspects of care or evaluation for patients with surgical wounds and how they can help to promote healing and prevent complications of healing