Pennsylvania Physical Therapy Assistant Continuing Education

• Discuss the treatment of fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for fibromyalgia
• Outline and describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of fibromyalgia
• Describe the pharmacological management of fibromyalgia
• Describe 5 functional outcomes in chronic muscle pain

Part I: OA of the Ankle Joint

• List 5 predisposing factors of OA of the ankle joint
• Explain the diagnosis of OA of the ankle joint
• Describe 5 functional impairments as a result of OA of the ankle joint
• Outline various management strategies for the treatment of OA including pharmacological, physical, surgical and educational strategies
• Explain the future directions for research and management of OA of the ankle joint

Part II: Rheumatic Disease

• Examine the classification system for rheumatic diseases
• Outline and explain components involved in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease including diagnostic markers, disease activity, imaging, history, clinical exam and blood investigations
• Describe management strategies for early treatment
• Examine general foot health management
• Assess goal-directed treatment strategies

Part III: Gout

• Investigate the prevalence of gout
• Outline and describe the pathogenesis of gout
• Identify management strategies including pharmacological, physical, surgical and education strategies for the management of gout
• Examine and outline the diagnosis and classification for the diagnosis of gout

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Forefoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Rearfoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of plantar fasciitis
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of high-energy injury calcaneal fractures
• Describe the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of calcaneal stress fractures

• Recognize the prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Describe anatomy of the Achilles tendon
• List 5 signs and symptoms and describe diagnostic imaging for making a diagnosis of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Explain and outline 5 functional impairments as a result of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Compare and contrast 3 extrinsic vs. 3 intrinsic risk factors for developing Achilles Tendinopathy
• Summarize and identify 2 future directions for the study of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Analyze and practice 3 management strategies for the best approach to treating Achilles Tendinopathy

• List 5 predisposing factors to stress fracture and differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic factors
• List 5 conditions that must be ruled out when performing differential diagnosis for stress fracture
• Explain the process for confirming a diagnosis of stress fracture
• Describe and compare various management strategies and outcomes in the treatment of stress fractures
• Discuss future directions and needed research in the field of managing stress fractures

Part I: Plantar Fasciitis

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for plantar fasciitis
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with planter fasciitis
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of plantar fasciitis
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after plantar fasciitis surgery
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of plantar fasciitis

Part II: Midfoot Sprains and Strains:

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for midfoot sprains/strains
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for midfoot sprains/strains
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of midfoot sprains/strains

Part III: Fifth Metatarsal Fractures

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative reha after surgery for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of fifth metatarsal fractures

Part IV: First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (Turf Toe)

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for turf toe
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with turf toe
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of turf toe
• List 3 criteria for return to sport
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of turf toe

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 2 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of achilles tendon rupture
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after achilles tendon rupture
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part I: Ankle Sprains, Fractures and Chondral Injuries

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of lateral and syndesmotic sprains
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral ankle ligament repair and reconstruction
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral and medial ankle fractures
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after microfracture or chondral injuries of the ankle
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part II: Ankle Impingement

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle impingement
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle impingement
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for ankle impingement
• Identify 5 factors involved in returning to soccer after surgery for posterior ankle impingement
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

Part III: Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonopathy

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

• Outline the pattern of drug use in older adults
• List 5 common adverse drug reactions in older adults
• Define and differentiate drug classes commonly used in older adults and their impact on therapy
• Become familiar with drugs used for treatment of pain, cardiac conditions, respiratory and gastrointestinal drugs
• Outline strategies for coordinating therapy with drug treatment

• Outline and describe the role of physical activity for older adults
• Outline the physical stress theory
• Outline and define 5 elements of an exercise prescription
• Become familiar with 5 types of exercises for older adults including aquatics, Tai Chi, stretching, strengthening and plyometrics

• Outline characteristics of depression and methods of assessment in older adults
• Define and differentiate 5 common depression scales
• Become familiar with drugs used in depression
• Outline and understand the cognitive decline and dementia in older adults
• Compare and contrast dementia and alzheimer's disease in older adults and 3 methods of management

• Analyze 3 reasons for the importance of the chart review in the evaluation of the acute and medically complex patient
• List 5 causes and clinical signs of electrolyte abnormality
• Review and describe 5 causes and signs of acid-base imbalances
• Outline the process of completing a systems review of the patient
• Become familiar with signs and symptoms of nutrional deficiency
• Outline signs associated with coronary artery disease and heart failure
• Outline signs associated with sepsis, vertigo, dehydration and metabolic syndrome

• Define 3 factors that influence aerobic capacity in older adults
• Describe the physiology of aerobic capacity and exercise
• List tests and measures to assess aerobic capacity and endurance
• Describe commonly used scales including angina, dyspnea, claudication and perceived exertion scales
• Review and outline 3 methods for evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis of older adults with aerobic impairment
• List and describe 5 interventions used with older adults with aerobic impairment

• Outline changes in muscle structure and function associated with aging
• Outline changes in metabolic function associated with aging
• Become familiar with evidence-supported suggestions for resistance training
• Describe adaptations in muscle power, strength, size and composition with resistance exercise
• Discuss nutritional intake as a countermeasure for sarcopenia

• Define and differentiate common motor control impairments including paresis, abnormal tone, fractionated movement deficits, ataxia, hypokinesia, somatosensory loss, and perceptual deficits
• Outline and explain at least 5 tests to assess motor control impairment
• Become familiar with diagnosis and prognosis of motor control impairments
• Compare and contrast 3 movement system diagnostic categories for motor control impairments
• Discuss current evidence underlying impaired motor control interventions

• Differentiate normal and abnormal postures
• List and define 5 age-related changes that influence spinal alignment
• Explain common spinal conditions such as osteoporosis, spinal osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis
• Outline and describe the role of therapy in managing patients with postural dysfunctions
• Become familiar with evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and developing plan of care with patients with postural dysfunction
• Examine external supports used with patients with postural dysfunction

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Ambulation: Impact of Age-Related Changes on Functional Mobility

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Differentiate normal age-related changes in gait vs those resulting from pathology
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Balance and Falls

• Understand the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline tests and measures for balance and falls
• Understand the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Outline and describe the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine 5 evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline 3 tests and measures for balance and falls
• Describe the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Explain the mechanism of continence
• Outline the pathophysiology of incontinence
• List 3 risk factors for urinary incontinence
• Become familiar with 3 interventions for incontinence including pelvic floor muscle exercises, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, behavioral interventions, weight loss, fluid management, pharmacologic interventions and more
• Describe the physical exam in regards to incontinence
• Become familiar with 5 outcome measures for urinary incontinence

• Become familiar with the prevalence, challenges and costs of pain management in older adults
• Describe the biophysical model of persistent pain
• List age-related changes associated with pain
• Outline methods of examination and evaluation of the patient with pain
• Outline a plan of care and list 5 interventions for patients with pain
• Review case studies that highlight clinical management of pain

• Summarize the importance of wellness for the aging adult
• Identify and describe 3 domains of wellness
• Outline methods of screening for physical activity and wellness programs
• Review baseline measure for physical activity and exercise focused wellness programs
• List the importance of strength training and aerobic training and the enhancement of mobility

• Define and describe the concept of a "good death"
• Outline and describe the physiological process of dying
• Examine 3 progressive changes that occur in the final months or terminal phase
• List 5 physiologic signs of approaching death
• List 5 psychosocial and spiritual signs, symptoms and interventions for the actively dying
• Become familiar with hospice and palliative care
• Review models of physical therapy practice in hospice and palliative care

• List 3 changes in the vascular structure that occur with age
• Discuss the endothelial function in aging
• Outline 5 effects of aging on the structure of the heart
• Describe the response of the aging heart on exercise
• Describe and analyze myocardial function in the aging heart at rest

• Outline 3 functions of the musculoskeletal system
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in articular cartilage
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in the skeleton including structural and metabolic changes
• List 3 changes that occur with aging in soft tissue
• Examine and list 5 consequences of bone and joint aging

• Describe attention and processing speed as it relates to aging
• Describe age-related changes that occur in short term and long term memory
• Become familiar with 1 method for evaluating executive functions
• List lifestyle factors associated with aging and describe how they may be affected
• Compare and describe how social activities and health factors are effected by cognitive aging

• Describe the clinical manifestations of CAD
• Outline and describe 5 techniques for diagnosis CAD
• List 5 risk factors for CAD
• Outline the protocol for therapy for stable angina
• Become familiar with acute coronary syndromes

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of hypertension
• Describe the pathogenesis associated with hypertension
• List 5 risk factors for hypertension
• Outline 5 complications of hypertension
• Describe the management and treatment of hypertension

• Become familiar with the incidence and epidemiology of COPD in the elderly
• Describe the pathogenesis of COPD
• Become familiar with medications used to treat asthma
• Outline management techniques for the treatment of asthma
• Examine and compare differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD

• Review and define definitions of dementia
• List 3 risk factors for dementia
• Become familiar with other disorders associated with dementia
• Describe clinical features in differential diagnosis of dementia
• Identify 3 key points of dementia

• Describe diagnostic criteria in the presentation of dementia
• Describe aspects of cognition, ADL and behavior affected by dementia
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for dementia
• Outline the management of dementia including pharmacologic and non drug therapies
• Review arguments for and against disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia

• Describe the pathology and mechanisms of Alzheimer's
• Describe the genetics of Alzheimer's
• Outline clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's
• Describe components of a clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's
• Review treatment for Alzheimer's
• List behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders
• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Describe two different criteria used to determine the prevalence of COPD
• List three factors that will contribute to the increased prevalence of COPD
• List and describe three physiologic changes that occur in the lung
• Describe 3 clinical symptoms associated with COPD and describe diagnosis including lung function tests and the use of chest CT scans
• Outline and examine 3 interventions commonly used in the management and treatment of COPD
• Describe the significance and goals of a pulmonary rehabilitation program

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Geriatrics 237 through Geriatrics 240

• List and describe 3 changes in lung structure associated with aging
• List and describe 3 changes in extrapulmonary structure
• Analyze 3 changes in respiratory mechanics that occur with aging and lead to predictable changes in lung function
• Describe changes in gas exchange that occur with aging
• Outline and describe the use of 2 lung function tests used in the elderly
• Describe the synergistic effect of age-related changes in lung structure and function on lung disease

• Outline and describe 5 mechanisms of dyspnea including; sensory receptors, afferent impulses, integration and processing within the central nervous system, psychological factors and neuromodulation
• Analyze 4 unique descriptors of dyspnea in the elderly including prevalence, impact, respiratory sensation and dyspnea during exercise
• Describe a comprehensive approach for assessment of the elderly individual with dyspnea
• List and describe 5 strategies used to relieve dyspnea
• Describe the role of acupuncture as an emerging treatment for dyspnea

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of lung cancer in the elderly and describe 2 risks and age-related disparities in lung cancer
• Define and differentiate local therapy vs. systemic therapy and give an example of each.
• Define and describe the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
• Describe local treatment strategies including; surgical resection, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation
• Describe systemic treatment strategies including; adjuvant chemotherapy, locally advanced disease, advanced disease, small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy and targeted therapies for actionable mutations

• Become familiar with imaging techniques of the DRUJ
• Describe radiography for the DRUJ
• Describe scintigraphy for the DRUJ
• Compare and contrast CT scan and MRI of the DRUJ
• Outline procedures for postoperative imaging of the DRUJ

• Become familiar with arthroscopic and open repair techniques of the TFCC
• Describe the diagnosis of a TFCC injury
• Outline the classification of a TFCC injury
• Outline and describe examination techniques for a TFCC injury
• List treatment techniques for a TFCC injury
• Become familiar with the technique for arthroscopic debridement
• Outline the technique of an arthroscopic TFCC repair
• Outline the technique of an open TFCC repair

• Become familiar with ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the biomechanics of the ulnar side of the wrist
• Describe the examination and diagnosis of ulnar impaction syndrome
• Outline treatment techniques for ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the procedure for an ulnar-shortening osteotomy
• Outline the Wafer procedure for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome

• Describe the historical perspective on the etiology of RA
• Recite evidence of RA in literature and art
• Describe paleopathological evidence of RA
• Become familiar with contemporary research of RA
• Outline current hypotheses of RA

• Become familiar with advances in the medical treatment of RA
• Describe  articular and systemic effects of RA
• List 3 cardiovascular, bone and airway manifestations of RA
• Outline pharmaceutical options for the treatment of RA
• List 5 complications of medical treatment of RA
• Describe perioperative management of RA

• Outline controversies in the surgical treatment of RA
• Define the principles of surgical intervention of RA
• List 3 essential concepts in the surgical treatment of RA
• Describe 3 situations that are an indication for immediate surgery in the treatment of RA
• Become familiar with orthopedic procedures in the treatment of RA
• Describe the efficacy and indication of surgical treatment for RA including synovectomies, tenosynovectomies, wrist procedures, arthroplasties and procedures on IP joints

• Review normal elbow anatomy
• Describe pathophysiology of the rheumatoid elbow
• Discuss the clinical presentation of the rheumatoid elbow
• Outline management techniques including intraarticular injection, synovectomy, radial head excision
• Describe the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of the rheumatiod elbow
• Describe total arthroplasty in the treatment of the rheumatoid elbow
• Review 5 case studies highlighting the management of the rheumatoid elbow

• Describe normal anatomy of the thumb
• Outline classification and pathophysiology of the rheumatoid thumb
• Describe surgical management of boutonniere and swan neck deformity of the rheumatoid thumb
• List 3 technical tips for MCP arthroplasty  and IP joint arthordesis
• Review postoperative management of the rheumatoid thumb
• Become familiar with expected outcomes and prognosis

• Discuss the components included in an evaluation of the patient with DRF
• Outline and discuss the 3 phases of rehabilitation for DRF
• Differentiate treatment guidelines according to fracture management technique
• List and define 5 complications associated with DRF
• Discuss the importance of future research and exploration of DRF

• Become familiar with fractures at the distal humerus
• Become familiar with fractures of the olecranon process, capitellum, trochlea and radial head
• Outline and describe nonoperative and surgical treatment options
• Discuss complications of treatment
• Define and differentiate Type I, II and III fractures
• Compare and contrast dislocations of the elbow including exam, classification and treatment

• Describe and examine the histopathology of tendinopathies
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis
• Describe the presenting features of tennis elbow
• Outline components of a clinical exam for tennis elbow
• Outline and describe the phases of rehab for tennis elbow

• Outline and describe components of a comprehensive hand evaluation
• Describe techniques for testing intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand
• Describe manual muscle testing grades for muscles of the hand
• Perform tests to evaluate for intrinsic tightness and tightness of the oblique retinacular ligament
• Review testing procedures for grip and pinch strengths
• Describe nerve supply to the hand including motor and sensory function
• Review vascularity of the hand and describe the Allen's test

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the wrist
• Describe the relevance for the use of injection in diagnosing wrist pathologies
• Name the 5 zones of the wrist and list important structures within each zone
• Become familiar with conditions that may effect each of the 5 zones of the wrist
• Outline steps involved in performing the grind test
• Describe  various tests for assessing scaphoid instability
• Describe tests for assessing the TFCC and ulnar sided instability

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the elbow
• Outline components involved in the physical exam of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the medial side of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the lateral side of the elbow
• Describe tests for assessing conditions that effect the elbow

• Become familiar with techniques used for diagnostic imaging of the upper extremity
• Describe and differentiate imaging techniques used to evaluate the UE
• Describe the technique of various imaging methods such as bone scintigraphy, tomography, arteriography, MRI and more
• List 3 complications that may result from the use of arteriography
• Describe the indications for the use of each imaging technique
• Outline and describe clinical applications and the use of each diagnostic imaging technique

• Become familiar witih postoperative rehab techniques following surgery for Dupuytren's
• Describe care of the patient with Dupuytren's disease during the first 2 weeks following surgery
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during the 2nd and 3rd week
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during week 4-6
• List and describe complications that may occur with surgery for Dupuytren's
• Outline grading systems used to evaluate flare-up following surgery

• List 4 indications for the surgical intervention of Dupuytren's disease
• Describe the presenting symptoms of Dupuytren's disease
• Outline the pathoanatomy and the structures involved in Dupuytren's disease
• List 4 types of surgery commonly used for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease
• Review various studiesand results involving the use of collagenase
• List and describe complications commonly seen in Dupuytren's disease
• Become familiar with post operative management of hand therapy following Dupuytrens surgery

• Describe the history, physical exam and radiographic assessement performed for each patient with a fracture
• List 5 goals of fracture management
• Outline, describe and differentiate fracture classification systems
• Evaluate and describe various choices for fracture fixation including the use of external fixators, Kirschner wires, screws and plates
• Briefly describe the occurances of what happens during each stage of fracture healing
• List and describe complications following surgery for fracture management

• Become familiar with the management of hand and wrist tendinopathies
• Describe the pathology involved in stenosing tendovaginitis
• List and describe 3 principles and interventions for managing tendinopathies
• Outline the anatomy and pathomechanics involved in trigger finger
• Describe the pathology, diagnosis and management of de Quervain's
• Describe the anatomy and management of intersection syndrome
• Become familiar with tenosynovitis associated with systemic disorders and infections

• Become familiar with the evaluation of tissue specific impairments as a result of Dupuytren's disease
• List and describe 2 advances in surgical management of Dupuytren's disease
• List criteria for needle aponeurotomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease  
• List 5 short-term side effects from the Xiaflex injection in the treatment of Dupuytren's
• Become familiar with advanced in hand therapy management of Dupuytren's

• Review treatment methods for CMC arthritis
• Review the procedure of LRTI arthroplasty
• Discuss hand therapy rehab protocol following LRTI procedure
• Become familiar with technological advances and surgical devices being used to treat CMC arthritis
• List 5 considerations for new technology for thumb CMC arthritis
• Become familiar with the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• Read a case study related to the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• List 2 risks for the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure

• Become familiar with the neurotoxin Botulinum A
• Undertstand its current uses as an adjunct form of treatment in hand conditions
• Review its role in the treatment of stroke and spasticity, focal dystonia, vasospastic disorders, Raynaud's and other conditions
• Discuss its role in the use of pain syndromes
• Outline the complications and risk of botox

• List 3 indications, principles and considerations for nerve transfers
• Become familiar with nerve transfers for restoring function to the upper extremity
• Review transfer techniques for isolated radial, median and ulnar nerve injuries

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 1 - 2

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 3

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Describe the bones that make up the pelvis
• List 3 ligaments that stabilize the pelvis
• List 3 functions of the pelvis
• Differentiate the boundaries of the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis
• List and describe 3 muscles that have attachments withiin the pelvis
• List and describe 5 muscles that have attachments to the pelvis
• List 5 differences between the male and female pelvis
• List and describe the nerve and blood supply to the pelvis
• Describe 4 motions that occur at the pelvis
• Examine bony and soft tissue anatomy of the pelvis using interactive dissection

• Identify the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the core
• List 4 important functions of the core
• Outline and describe bony structures, joint articulations, nerve and blood supply and significant landmarks within the core
• Describe and demonstrate 4 movements of the core and list the primary muscle that is involved in creating that action
• Define and differentiate core stability vs. core strength
• Define and differentiate proprioception vs. kinesthesia
• List 10 muscles of the core and discuss their origin, insertions, actions and innervations
• Locate and examine 5 deep muscles of the core using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 5 superficial muscles of the core using interactive dissection

• List and describe the 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex
• Describe the significance of the clavicle
• Describe the 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex and demonstrate the movements that occur at each joint
• Describe the supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint and differentiate between primary and secondary stabilizers
• List and describe the muscles that make up the rotator cuff
• Explain the scapulohumeral rhythm Explain the function and anatomy of the brachial plexus
• Locate and examine the bones and articulations of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 10 muscles of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection and describe their origin, insertion, action and innervation
• Locate and examine the parts of the brachial plexus using interactive dissection

• Recognize acute situations for which homeopathic remedies are appropriate and effective
• Apply limited homeopathic remedies to acute care situations that arise in practice and day- to-day life
• Evaluate methods of application of homeopathic remedies to fit the situation at hand
• Distinguish between the available homeopathic remedies for a specific situation in order to select the most appropriate remedy for the individual
• Use homeopathic remedies in concert with existing therapeutic training

Hour 1

• List 3 factors which impact the mechanical properties of fascia
• Recall 3 important functions of fascia
• Cite 3 negative biological effects of fibrosis
• Describe 3 proposed neurophysiological effects of IASTM
• Itemize three biological effects of IASTM

Hour 2

• Cite 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Provide 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Enumerate 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• when using IASTM for musculoskeletal disorders.
• List 2 features of IASTM tools and the effect that these features have on the treatment effect (tissue penetration)
• Summarize 5 IASTM basic stroke techniques
• Apply IASTM techniques for over 30 common upper quarter musculoskeletal conditions

Hour 3

• Outline 3 general purposes for using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilizations (IASTM) for lower quarter musculoskeletal disorders.
• Recall 3 clinical indications for using IASTM to the hip
• State 3 clinical indications for providing IASTM to the lumbar spine
• Present 3 clinical indications for using IASTM for knee-related musculoskeletal disorders
• Itemize 3 clinical conditions of the lower leg and foot for which IASTM would be appropriate

• Define the terminology of decontamination, disinfection and sterilization in a clinical setting.
• Explain the basis of universal precautions and its implementation
• Discuss the latest research and evidence for risk of treatment table contamination in chiropractic and manual therapy offices.
• Learn the recommended evidence based disinfection methods of clinician hands, tables and equipment for manual providers.
• Identify the Spaulding Classification System for disinfection and sterilization of patient care items and equipment.

• Examine and describe key characteristics related to the pathophysiology of Hepatitis C including those related to transmission, acute and chronic phase
• List and examine 3 key steps to diagnosing Hepatitis C
• Compare and contrast 2 ways for staging fibrosis seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe 2 clinical manifestations seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe pharmacologic vs. nonpharmacologic therapies seen in Hepatitis C

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder complex
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon
• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability Understand muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the forearm

• Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Identify bones and osteologic features of the hand
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the hand
• Describe the kinematics of the hand
• Define and differentiate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the hand
• Outline sensory innervations of the hand
• List joint deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis

• Describe the functional anatomy of the hip joint
• Describe the arthro and osteokinematics of the hip
• Describe the innervation and muscular function at the hip
• Analyze and list the characteristics of osteoarthritis of the hip
• Describe 3 therapeutic interventions for a painful and unstable hip joint

• Describe osteologic features of the distal femur, proximal tibia fibula and patella
• Describe the individual anatomy of the knee and list 3 key alignment considerations
• Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics at the tibiofemoral joint
• Describe the patellofemoral joint kinematics and muscular function of the knee
• List 3 factors that effect the tracking of the patella across the patellofemoral joint

• Define terms associated with joints and movements of the foot and ankle
• Describe the structure and function of 3 joints associated with the foot
• Describe the structure and function of 8 joints associated with the ankle
• Describe the motor and sensory innervation of the muscles and joints around the foot and and region
• Analyze the structure and function of the extrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle
• Describe impairment following injury to the fibular or tibial nerve
• Analyze the structure and function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with walking such as gait cycle, stance and swing phases
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, horizontal plane and the upper extremity that occur during walking
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during walking
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during walking
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of walking

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with running such as stride length, food angle, step time, running pace
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane and the upper extemity
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during running
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during running
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of running

• Describe the concept of intersectionality and how it can affect the lives of young black gay and bisexual men
• Identify factors contributing to adverse health outcomes in young black gay and bisexual men
• Summarize special considerations for the care of LGBTQ youth
• Identify strategies that individual providers can use to provide more patient-centered care for LGBTQ youth
• Summarize the current knowledge in scope, clinical presentation, screening and management of eating disorders
• Identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders in sexual minority adolescents

• Recite the definition of lipedema and list 5 signs and symptoms
• Describe the pathophysiology and pathology associated with lipedema
• List 5 complications and combinations with other diseases
• Explain the prognosis for patients with lipedema
• Differentiate between the diagnosis of lipedema and and common differential diagnosis
• Become familiar with the role of therapy for patients with lipedema

• Define and differentiate cyclic-idiopathic, idiopathic-orthostatic and idiopathic edema syndromes
• Define and describe edema syndromes independent of the menstrual cycle
• Describe 3 generalized edemas caused by abuse of diuretics and or laxatives
• Become familiar and list the components of rehabilitation with generalized edemas
• Describe the physiological edema that occurs during pregnancy

• Recite the basic principles of Decongestive Kinesiotherapy and Respiratory Therapy
• Describe the functional rehab of pts with lymphedema
• Recall 3 effects of radiation
• Describe the chronic effects of radiation
• Compare and contrast principles of manual lymph drainage
• Describe the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis
• Become familiar with compression therapy with radiation induced plexopathy

• Recall the physiology with venous hemodynamics of the leg
• Recite the pathophysiology of venous hemodynamics in CVI
• Describe post-thrombotic syndrome and understand treatment, pathophysiology and clinical stages
• Become familiar with suprafascial CVI
• Compare and contrast the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CVI
• List 5 methods of prevention for CVI and VLI
• Describe components of complete decongesitive therapy and drug therapy used with CVI and VLI

• Become familiar with soft tissue x-rays
• Compare and contrast cross-section imaging including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound
• Differentiate between the use of direct and indirect lymphography
• Describe radiological diagnostics using radioisotopes including lymphoscintigraphy and isotope lymphography
• Describe the respective value of each of the imaging procedures

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Recall the clinical definition of adhesive capsulitis, based on shoulder range of motion measurements.
• List 5 risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
• Enumerate the 4 pathophysiological stages of adhesive capsulitis.
• List and define the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Provide 2 clinical findings for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• State 3 treatment guidelines for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Summarize the grades of evidence for common physical therapy interventions (i.e. therapeutic exercise, joint mobilizations, modalities and patient education) for adhesive capsulitis

• Recognize pathology associated with common sports injuries
• Outline the mechanism of injury for various hand injuries
• Recognize treatment interventions for upper extremity injuries

• List some of the most common medical errors reported in the US health care system
• List the three major systems that the President of the US in 2000 mentioned in his speech regarding errors in the health care system and discuss ways these tools could help decrease errors in our health care system
• Name a few organizations that collect data from health organizations to help analyze medical errors to help correct on a state level, and a national level
• Discuss the Evidence Based Practice and converse why this is an important concept in preventing medical errors
• Name the industry that is the template for a medical error system that works on each level of the structure, denying individual blame
• List some concepts in quality improvement that AHRQ and other organizations are working on to decrease Medical errors

• Define Medical Error
• Discuss Medical Errors in the Context of Other Types of Error
• Illustrate the Scope of the Medical Error Problem
• List Serious Reportable Medical Events
• Define Key Events in the Field of Patient Safety
• Review the Epidemiology of Medical Error
• Describe the Taxonomy of Medical Error
• Identify commonly misdiagnosed conditions
• Identify populations of special vulnerability
• Review Types of Medical Errors
• Discuss Falls and Teamwork/Communication Errors and how to prevent them

• Summarize the following types of medical errors:
  1. medication errors
  2. handoff errors
  3. diagnostic errors
  4. healthcare acquired infections
  5. device associated infections
• List factors that increase the risk of the above medical errors
• Describe strategies to prevent the above medical errors

• Recommend taking Medical Errors 202a and 202b prior to taking this course
• Summarize surgical errors and identify factors that increase the risk of surgical error as well as strategies to prevent them
• Discuss proper reporting of medical errors
• Enumerate the elements that comprise root cause analysis
• Describe strategies patients, providers, systems can use to reduce the risk of medical errors and improve patient health and safety
• Describe what to do when things go wrong

• Define and distinguish between primary care, secondary care, tertiary care, direct access, medical screening, screening for referral and signed prescription.
• Recall 5 reasons to conduct a medical screening.
• Outline 5 components for effective communication during the patient interview to obtain accurate and comprehensive baseline information.
• Define and explain the relevance of yellow flags, red flags and flag clusters as part of the medical screening process
• Define and describe the five components of the patient-centered interview and state the impact this has on patient satisfaction and outcome
• Define and provide the clinical relevance of sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, and likelihood ratios as they pertain to the value of diagnostic/clinical tests

Hour 1

• Recall 3 general symptoms signs/symptoms of inflammatory joint conditions.
• Recite 3 general symptoms signs/symptoms of osteoarthritis
• Cite 4 serious pathologies or disorders that should be screened for in a patient presenting with lower back pain.
• Explain the clinical prediction rule for a vertebral fracture and identify the specific red flags necessary for high specificity in ruling in a vertebral fracture.
• Enumerate 3 red flags associated with a spinal infection that can detected during the medical screening process which may warrant subsequent referral.
• List 3 red flags associated with a spinal tumor that can detected during the medical screening process which may warrant subsequent referral.

Hour 2

• Explain the purpose of the Wells scoring system/ clinical prediction rule for screening a patient with lower leg pain.
• Recall 5 red flags associated with pericarditis during medical screening of a patient with thoracic pain.
• Outline red flags associated with pyelonephritis during medical screening of a patient presenting with thoracic pain.
• Summarize the components of the clinical prediction rule for ruling in cervical myelopathy.
• Recite 3 common clinical findings associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the medical screening examination.
• List 3 red flag findings for a patient suspected of having compartment syndrome of the lower leg
• Explain the Pittsburgh Knee Rules as they relate to the necessity for follow-up imaging tests to rule out a knee fracture.
• Paraphrase the Ottawa Ankle Rules for warranting imaging tests to rule out an ankle fracture.

Hour 1

• Paraphrase the central purpose for the review of systems (ROS) approach to medical screening.
• Recall 8 ROS health components (key signs or symptoms) that can serve as a preliminary tool to determine the need for additional screening.
• Cite the 3 most common causes for unexplained weight loss in the older patient which may justify the need for further screening.
• List 8 signs / symptoms (cardiopulmonary system checklist) that should be assessed during a cardiopulmonary system screen.
• Enumerate 5 red flags for a myocardial infarction or unstable angina during a cardiopulmonary screen that would warrant immediate referral
• Recall 8 associated red flags (signs / symptoms) that may warrant referral in a patient that presents with edema of the hands, feet or abdomen
• Recite 4 prodromal red flags associated with a transient ischemic attack, and subsequently would warrant an immediate referral.
• Recall 1 important finding that can aid in the differentiation between claudication and psuedoclaudication, and subsequently impact the need for immediate referral.

Hour 2

• Outline 6 red flags associated with lung cancer, and subsequently may warrant an immediate referral.
• Identify 8 signs / symptoms (gastrointestinal system checklist) that should be assessed during a gastrointestinal system screen.
• Provide 7 red flags clinical findings) of NSAID induced complications which may justify an outside referral.
• Recount 8 signs / symptoms (endocrine system checklist) that should be assessed during an endocrine system screen.
• List 3 regional/anatomical locations where pulmonary -related disorders can refer pain to
• List 3 regional/anatomical locations where gastrointestinal -related disorders can refer pain to
• Recall 3 signs and/or symptoms of colorectal cancer
• List 2 regional/anatomical locations where urogenital -related disorders can refer pain to

• Locate major divisions and structures of the CNS
• Name functions of CNS structures, and their integration with other structures
• Identify effects of CNS dysfunction on upper extremity function, behavior and occupational performance

• Describe different modes of genetic transmission
• Discuss the incidence, etiology, and clinical manifestations of specific genetic disorders
• Outline and describe the medical and surgical management of children with genetic disorders
• Articulate the role of the therapy assistant in the management of children with genetic disorders
• Identify appropriate therapy interventions used with children with genetic disorders
• Recognize the importance of functional training throughout the life span of a child with a genetic disorder

• Describethe etiology and clinical manifestations of stroke
• Identify common complications seen in patients who have sustained CVAs
• Explain the role of the therapy assistant in the treatment of patients with stroke
• Describe appropriate treatment interventions for patients who have experienced strokes
• Recognize the importance of functional training for patients who have had strokes

• Identify causes and mechanisms of TBI
• List secondary complications associated with TBI
• Explain specific treatment interventions to facilitate functional movement
• Discuss strategies that will improve cognitive deficits

• Describe and list local and systemic treatments for breast cancer
• Discuss physical and psychosocial implications of breast cancer treatment
• Outline and describe the process of evaluation for individuals with breast cancer
• Create appropriate rehabilitative goals for individuals with breast cancer
• Design an appropriate rehabilitative session for breast cancer patients

• Outline 5 hypotheses related to the pathophysiology of cancer related fatigue
• List 5 tools available for screening cancer related fatigue and describe the simplest scale available
• List 10 factors that contribute to cancer related fatigue
• Describe the patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic workup process for a patient with cancer related fatigue
• List 5 nonpharmacologic interventions for the treatment of cancer related fatigue
• List and describe 2 psychostimulants used in the treatment of cancer related fatigue

• Outline the nature of and hallmarks of cancer
• Summarize the relationship between physical activity and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between nutrition and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between massage therapy and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between acupuncture and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between manual therapy and cancer

• Summarize the assessment and diagnosis of pain
• List and describe 5 common causes of back pain and how to prevent injury
• Outline the causes of fibromyalgia
• Illustrate the mechanisms of inflammation and pain
• Discuss the pain of peripheral neuropathy

• Identify key professionals and describe the various roles that each person on the interprofessional pain team plays
• Understand the impact that chronic pain can have across varied life domains
• Describe the link between the individual experience of pain and the social environment
• Examine the association between healthcare provider-patient communication and health outcomes

• Appreciate the different types of peripheral nociceptors and their associated axons
• Describe the pathways involved in transmitting nociceptive information within the nervous system
• Describe the organization of the dorsal horn and the termination patterns of afferent inputs
• Examine the areas of the nervous system involved in the perception, integration and response to nociception
• Become familiar with the neurophysiology underlying somatic and visceral pain
• Outline and describe mechanisms of sensitization in the peripheral and central nervous system
• Describe ways in which the brain controls nociceptive processing
• Identify and describe brain structures involved in the perception of pain

• Define and explain the difference between pain assessment and pain measurement
• Describe the type of pain evaluation commonly used
• Describe some of the most commonly used pain measurement tools
• Become familiar with some consensus guidelines around pain assessment
• Explore and discuss the impact which culture, ethnicity, religion and gender can have on pain assessment

• Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome
• Identify symptoms that alert the clinician to the possible presence of these conditions
• Become familiar with current diagnostic criteria and their limitations
• Describe a methodical approach to examination and treatment, based on current international evidence and guidelines

• Understand manual therapy in the context of biopsychosocial management of  musculoskeletal pain
• Describe the effects of manual therapy on local tissue, spinal and supraspinal pain mechanisms
• Describe the effects of pleasant touch on pain
• Examine the effects of treatment-related pain on pain perception
• Analyze the effects of manual therapy on motor control
• Explain how manual therapy may be applied in practice

• Discuss the use of TENS and acupuncture for pain management and list 5 indications and contraindications/risks.
• Describe and analyze 2 principles underpinning various techniques of TENS and acupuncture
• Describe the research supporting the analgesic mechanisms of action of TENS and acupuncture.
• Summarize clinical research evidence on clinical effectiveness for TENS and acupuncture
• Discuss why the clinical experience of outcome when using TENS and acupuncture sometimes differs from some of the clinical research findings.

• Describe and differentiate the role and limitations of complementary therapies in pain management
• Analyze the evidence base for specific complementary therapy interventions for patients living with pain
• Compare and contrast key practical and professional issues in the integration of complementary therapies within clinical practice
• Identify and recite possible sources of information for increasing knowledge and awareness of complementary approaches to pain management

• Explore the magnitude of the problem of cancer pain
• Understand the circumstances in the cancer journey when pain may occur
• Describe the types of pain
• Understand that the experience of pain can have physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions
• List and describe the principles of pain management
• Explore the barriers to good pain management
• Appreciate the personal issues confronted by therapist's dealing with cancer pain

• Outline how the pain experience differs with age
• Explore and differentiate particular conditions that commonly cause pain among middle-aged and older people
• Examine difference in pain report and coping strategies among people of different age groups
• Assess how age-related changes in neurophysiology may alter the pain experience
• Explain how the pain experience is unique for older people in special populations, such as those with dementia
• Compare ways to approach the assessment of pain in elderly persons

• Describe normal anatomy of the breast
• List 5 factors of breast cancer
• Explain the incidence of breast cancer and its impact on society
• Explain the pathogenesis of fibrocystic changes and describe 3 histological changes
• Describe the most common benign breast tumor including appearance, histological features and peak age of incidence

• Define and differentiate skin lesions such as macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, ulcer and scar
• Describe skin lesions caused by mechanical trauma
• Explain short term and long term effects of ultraviolet light on the skin
• Describe skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• Describe typical lesions of acne vulgaris and explain their pathogenesis
• Describe 2 manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis
• List the most important neoplastic skin lesions involving the dermis

• Define edema and give 5 clinical examples
• Define shock and explain it pathogenesis
• List 5 conditions that predispose an individual to arterial thrombi
• Define emboli and give 5 clinical examples
• Describe the 5 clinical consquences of venous and arterial thrombi

• List the most important causes of cell injury
• Describe 3 types of cell adaptations
• Describe cellular aging
• Compare 2 forms of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
• Describe various forms of necrosis and give examples of each

• Define inflammation and describe the cellular events that occur during acute inflammation
• Describe the vascular changes that occur during acute inflammation
• Explain the function of proteins and the clotting system in inflammation
• Explain the functions of cytokines released in inflammation
• Describe and differentiate local and systemic symptoms of inflammation

• Name the limitations of the practice act pertaining to invasive procedures
• Demonstrate use of an appropriate informed consent prior to performing any of the procedures described in this lesson
• Employ fundamental aseptic procedures, including the use of sterile gloves and the creation of a sterile field
• Properly unpack a sterile package and prepare for a sterile procedure
• Compare the various types of sutures and suture needles and their specific applications
• Describe the difference between interrupted, running, and mattress sutures and the advantages and disadvantages of each
• Prepare the patient for injection and aspiration

• Describe the regulation of pharmaceuticals, including the management of prescription and nonprescription medication in an athletic training facility
• Describe the basics of pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics including dosage forms, routes of administration, and drug storage
• Access various drug information resources to obtain more information about a drug

• Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
• Define common normal and abnormal respiratory patterns
• Perform a basic evaluation of the respiratory system, including ascultation and percussion
• Identify characteristics of normal and abnormal breath sounds
• Recognize common pathological conditions including signs and symptoms, differential assessment, referral, standard medical treatment and implications for participation in athletics

• Understand the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
• Understand cardiovascular adaptatons to exercise
• Identify various cardiac arrhythmias
• Identify signs and symptoms of cardiovascular abnormalities
• Know when to refer an athlete to a physician for further cardiovascular evaluation

• Describe the anatomy and function of the nervous system
• Recognize and assess an athlete with a suspected sport-related concussion
• Describe a return-to-play progression for an athlete after sport-related concussion
• Recognize and refer an athlete with signs or symptoms of a life-threatening neurological condition
• Identify conditions that make an athlete susceptible to migraines and stroke
• Recognize the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome
• Describe chronic neurological conditions and their effect on athletic participation
• Differentiate when to make a referral to a physician for further neurological evaluation

• Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the eye
• Perform a basic eye exam
• Describe appropriate initial management of common conditions and injuries of the eye
• Recognize conditions of the eye that require referral
• Recognize conditions of the eye that may preclude the athlete from participation

• Describe the basic anatomy of the ear, nose, mouth and throat
• Perform a basic examination of the ear, nose, mouth and throat, identifying normal and pathological conditions
• Properly use an otoscope to examine the ear and the nose
• Recognize common pathological conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat including signs and symptoms, differential assessment, and when to refer the patient to a physician
• Appreciate the common diagnostic tests and standard medical treatment for conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat
• Identify the implications for participation in athletics with various conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat

• Appreciate the complexity of systemic disorders
• Recognize signs and symptoms of common systemic ailments
• Identify conditions that warrant referral to a physician
• Relate the warning signs of malignancies involving the lymphatic system and blood
• Describe prevention strategies for Lyme disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Determine and understand diabetic emergencies
• Recognize and refer those with signs and symptoms of a malfunctioning thyroid

• Explain common infection transmission routes and their prevention
• Justify the importance of maintaining immunization against those diseases for which there is vaccine
• Describe the reporting levels of communicable disease
• List the signs and symptoms of common infectious diseases
• Recognize common childhood diseases and how to prevent them
• Demonstrate universal precautions for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease

• Describe the anatomy of the integumentary system
• Recognize signs and symptoms of common skin conditions
• Contrast the differences among viral, fungal, and bacterial skin disorders
• Refer an athlete with a problematic skin disorder to the appropriate health care provider
• Recognize environmentally induced conditions: skin cancers, cold injuries
• Differentiate which acute skin conditions are contraindicated for certain athletic participation

• Determine why communication is imperative in clinical encounters
• Classify rights and responsibilities of the patient -provider partnership
• Recognize barriers and benefits regarding improved communication
• Apply numerous strategies to improve and solidify patient interactions
• Summarize how to fix the system so providers will provide better quality visits

• Identify the ways your conscious or unconscious bias toward patient characteristics may enter the clinical relationship
• Outline ways to improve your clinical communication with patients who are elderly, poor or ethnic minorities.
• Distinguish male and female patient communication styles and plan what to do when your patient wants a different gender provider
• Compare the way Jewish, Irish, Italian, and other cultures present differently as patients and prepare your communication style appropriately
• Internalize the seven ideal interpersonal traits patients want in their health care providers

• Recognize deceptive behaviors from other people and integrate these skills
• Use tips garnered from former CIA officers to separate truth from lies
• Determine motivations for patients to lie to health care providers
• Strategize ways to avoid being lied to by your patients and staff
• Assess the consequences of lying and how it compromises clinical relationships

• Explain the Four Habits of Highly Effective Clinicians
• Show the payoffs for each of the habits and provide examples
• Demonstrate how to avoid “Door Knob Concerns” and uncover hidden problems
• Specify barriers to patient communication and how to overcome them
• Describe action steps to incorporate better communication habits into practice immediately

• Modify explanations about risks, harms and benefits to avoid miscommunication to patients
• Apply research concepts such as sensitivity and specificity to outcomes communications
• Identify weak spots in clinical trials with regard to benefits and harms
• Implement the best practitioner action to build trust in patients
• Discover strategies for better communicating with low functional health literacy patients

• Become familiar with prevention as a key way to manage sports injuries.
• Explain and identify the 7 risk factors for injury.
• Identify different types of injuries and major sites of injury.
• Become familiar with rehabilitation protocols and methods for return to play.
• Become familiar with working with young athletes with physical disabilities.
• Describe 3 uses for clinical application through case study

• Describe and explore the role of the therapist in the treatment, examination and evaluation of children with MD or SMA.
• Describe and differentiate classification/types of MD.
• Summarize and outline 3 key features of the Vignos Functional Rating Scale for Duchenne MD.
• Recognize diagnosis and pathophysiology of SMA.
• Describe clinical application through case studies.

• Describe the incidence, etiology and pathophysiology of BPI
• Become familiar with the changes in body structure and function that occur with various levels of BPI
• Define therapy goals and identify appropriate treatment interventions for children with BPI
• Define and differentiate Erbs palsy from Klumpkes palsy
• Become familiar with the medical management, orthopedic surgery and orthopedic concerns of infants and children with BPI
• Become familiar with outcomes of children with BPI
• Apply clinical application with the use of case studies

• Become familiar with the incidence and etiology of AMC
• Examine and explain how a diagnosis of AMC is determined
• Name 2 clinical manifestations of AMC
• Become familiar with the medical management of infants and children with AMC
• Identify 5 therapy interventions for infants with AMC
• Discuss the importance of stretching and splinting programs as well as other adaptive equipment
• Describe therapy intervention for the pre-school aged child with AMC
• Name 3 therapy interventions for the adolescent with AMC
• Become familiar with the challenges that the child with AMC faces as during transition to adulthood
• Review clinical application through case study

• Become familiar with the classification, etiology and pathophysiology of CP
• Explore and examine how an infant or child is diagnosed with CP
• Compare and contrast single-system and multi-system impairments
• Discuss the role of Occupational and Physical Therapy in the treatment CP
• Become familiar with determinants of prognosis or outcome
• List 5 treatment goals and interventions for the infant with CP
• List 5 treatment goals and interventions for the child with CP
• Describe the importance of reducing primary impairment and preventing secondary impairment in the infant/child with CP
• Discuss the importance and significance of family involvement and key characteristics that must observed
• List factors that must be addressed in preparation for the transition to adulthood in the adolescent with CP

• Define sensory processing and self-regulation.
• List at least five symptoms that may indicate a Sensory Processing Disorder.
• Explain the Fussy Baby Analogy in relation to the three sensory-based learning strategies.
• Describe at least three examples of ways that each sensory-based learning strategy can be used in a school setting.
• Develop a sensory schedule based on given guidelines.
• Assess the effectiveness of sensory-based learning strategies through data collection.

• Describe the incidence and etiology of asthma and review signs and symptoms
• Outline and describe 5 methods of prevention of asthma in children
• Analyze a minimum of 5 medical comorbidities related to asthma
• Describe the neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral comorbidities commonly associated with asthma in children
• Read case studies and outline clinical points of application
• Differentiate 3 treatment techniques and interventions in children with asthma

• Recite the incidence and prevalance of brain tumors along with the etiology and 3 underlying causes
• List and describe 5 factors for predicting the effect a primary brain tumor will have on medical and neuropsychological outcome
• Outline 3 common interventions for the treatment of brain tumors in children
• Describe 3 related medical conditions commonly associated with brain tumor in children
• Analyze and recite common results from a neuropsychological evaluation

• Describe the disorder of Cerebral Palsy and outline its characteristics
• Compare and contrast the different types of Cerebral Palsy
• Describe how Cerebral Palsy is diagnosed
• Describe the medical issues often associated with Cerebral Palsy
• Read case studies that highlight clinical application

• Outline and describe the characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis
• Discuss 3 medical conditions that are commonly associated with Cystic Fibrosis
• Read a case study and discuss 3 important results from the neuropsychological evaluation
• Analyze and discuss 3 relevant interventions
• Discuss the prognosis for children with Cystic Fibrosis

• Provide and discuss the main characteristics of Type I diabetes
• List and describe related medical conditions associated with Type I diabetes
• Define short-term and long-term complications associated with Type I diabetes
• Anaylze and discuss therapeutic interventions and treatment for Type I diabetes
• Read case studies and discuss neuropsychological results

• Describe the characteristics of Down Syndrome and present an overview of the condition
• List and analyze 3 medical conditions often associated with Down Syndrome
• Describe the general psychological profile of an individual with Down Syndrome
• Present an overview of 5 behavioral conditions often seen in children with Down Syndrome
• Analyze and review 2 medical and therapeutic management techniques for associated psychiatric conditions

• Describe the characteristics of encephalitis and meningitis and present an overview of the 2 conditions
• List and analyze 3 medical conditions often associated with encephalitis and meningitis
• Describe the process of making a diagnosis of encephalitis and meningitis
• Outline 3 treatment interventions for encephalitis and meningitis
• Analyze and review case studies and discuss the significance of clinical application related to encephalitis and meningitis

• Compare and contrast key characteristics of hyper and hypothyroidism
• Discuss the significance of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and how it relates to throid dysfunction
• Describe and examine 2 disorders of the adrenal glands including Hypoadrenalism and Hyperadrenalism
• Analyze and describe the effects of disorders of the parathyroid
• Read clinical cases and examine the clinical highligts of patients with endocrinological disorders

• Provide an overview of epilepsy including incidence, prevalence and underlying causes
• Define and outline the process for making a diagnosis of epilepsy
• Analyze and describe 3 factors effecting the neuropsychological outcome for children with epilepsy
• List and describe 3 medical factors often associated with children with epilepsy
• Read case studies and list 3 key results from neuropsychological evaluations

• Become familiar with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Outline and describe key facial abnormalities and the atypical growth patterns characteristic of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• List and analyze comorbid factors associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Recite and describe 3 of the most effective interventions for children effected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Read case studies and discuss the significance of clinical application to children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

• Understand and describe key elements of HIV/AIDS
• Outline and describe the disease progression of HIV/AIDS
• Discuss treatment interventions for HIV/AIDS and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy
• Describe how disclosure can effect the family and child with HIV/AIDS
• List 2 significant comorbid disorders often associated with HIV/AIDS
• Read case studies and highlight clinical application and assessment and outcome results

• Outline and describe key features of Leukemia
• Compare and contrast characteristics of acute vs. chronic Leukemia
• Summarize and describe 5 signs and symptoms of Leukemia
• Examine and explain 4 phases of treatment for Leukemia
• Analyze the impact that a diagnosis of Leukemia has on the child and family

• Summarize and outline the key features of Spina Bifida
• Examine 5 medical conditions related to Spina Bifida
• Discuss the significance of latex on the child with Spina Bifida and list 5 products that contain latex
• Explore the neuropsychological sequelae of children with Spina Bifida
• Read case studies and analyze the cognitive and behavioral functioning of children with Spina Bifida

• Compare and contrast the key features of Ischemic Stroke vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke
• List and describe 5 disorders causing ischemic stroke
• List and describe 5 disorders causing hemorrhagic stroke
• Examine the 3 major arteries of the cerebral cortex and list the key clinical features
• Read case studies and highlight clinical applications

• Provide an overview of traumatic brain injury including incidence, prevalence and underlying causes
• Define and differentiate 5 common types of brain injury
• Examine key factors effecting neuropsychological outcomes
• Describe how cognitive abilities and physical functioning are effected based on areas of the brain following stroke
• List and describe 5 common sequela that may develop following traumatic brain injury
• Read case studies and highlight clinical application

• Define and analyze the general principles of the nervous system, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses and toxicology of drugs.
• Describe the different drug sources, drug classification groups, and routes of administration.
• Describe the effects of basic physical therapy modalities, such as exercise, heat, cold, and manual techniques, on pharmacokinetics.
• Discuss the mechanism of action, adverse effects, modification of some effects, and side effects of the drugs used to treat the common cardiovascular, pulmonary, orthopedic, metabolic, and neurological conditions commonly encountered by physical therapists.
• Develop the abilities to find up-to-date information on drugs and apply such in current physical therapy practice in conjunction with the different physical therapy modalities.

• List five statistical references that relate to evidence based practice.
• List four Red flags that are pertinent in the evaluation component of treatment.
• Identify the five categories that pertain to possible spinal pain and referred pain.
• Describe two metabolic diseases that can affect the spine.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Physical Diagnosis 166 through Physical Diagnosis 169

• Recognize and list four red flags for the cervical and shoulder girdle.
• Identify three medical conditions that may refer to the cervical spine but are non-musculoskeletal in origin and require a physician's intervention.
• Name and describe two CPR for the Cervical Spine.
• List two dural tests that are done for the nervous system in the Cervical region.

• Identify and describe two musculoskeletal issues of the thoracic region.
• List one dural test that is used to evaluate the thoracic region which will assist in determining normal neuromeningeal pathway mobility.
• List two CPR of the spine in the thoracic region that have good reliability and are effective in use.
• List and describe two vascular diagnoses which may relate to Thoracic Spine referred pain

• Identify two serious pathologies that appear to be related to the lumbar spine but are not.
• Describe three categories of pelvic fractures than may occur.
• Describe the objective differences between vascular claudication and neurogenic claudication.
• List the five screening tests for the pelvis and SI joint.