Oregon Physical Therapy Assistant Continuing Education

• Discuss the incidence and background of musculoskeletal pain in older adults 
• Outline the general approach including assessment, physical examination and imaging 
• Summarize 5 different domains relevant for assessing chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults 
• Describe 3 approaches to treatment 
• Outline and describe at least 5 common musculoskeletal conditions in older adults

• Describe normal anatomy of the breast
• List 5 factors of breast cancer
• Explain the incidence of breast cancer and its impact on society
• Explain the pathogenesis of fibrocystic changes and describe 3 histological changes
• Describe the most common benign breast tumor including appearance, histological features and peak age of incidence

• Define and differentiate skin lesions such as macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, ulcer and scar
• Describe skin lesions caused by mechanical trauma
• Explain short term and long term effects of ultraviolet light on the skin
• Describe skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• Describe typical lesions of acne vulgaris and explain their pathogenesis
• Describe 2 manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis
• List the most important neoplastic skin lesions involving the dermis

• Define edema and give 5 clinical examples
• Define shock and explain it pathogenesis
• List 5 conditions that predispose an individual to arterial thrombi
• Define emboli and give 5 clinical examples
• Describe the 5 clinical consquences of venous and arterial thrombi

• List the most important causes of cell injury
• Describe 3 types of cell adaptations
• Describe cellular aging
• Compare 2 forms of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
• Describe various forms of necrosis and give examples of each

• Define inflammation and describe the cellular events that occur during acute inflammation
• Describe the vascular changes that occur during acute inflammation
• Explain the function of proteins and the clotting system in inflammation
• Explain the functions of cytokines released in inflammation
• Describe and differentiate local and systemic symptoms of inflammation

• Name the limitations of the practice act pertaining to invasive procedures
• Demonstrate use of an appropriate informed consent prior to performing any of the procedures described in this lesson
• Employ fundamental aseptic procedures, including the use of sterile gloves and the creation of a sterile field
• Properly unpack a sterile package and prepare for a sterile procedure
• Compare the various types of sutures and suture needles and their specific applications
• Describe the difference between interrupted, running, and mattress sutures and the advantages and disadvantages of each
• Prepare the patient for injection and aspiration

• Describe the regulation of pharmaceuticals, including the management of prescription and nonprescription medication in an athletic training facility
• Describe the basics of pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics including dosage forms, routes of administration, and drug storage
• Access various drug information resources to obtain more information about a drug

• Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
• Define common normal and abnormal respiratory patterns
• Perform a basic evaluation of the respiratory system, including ascultation and percussion
• Identify characteristics of normal and abnormal breath sounds
• Recognize common pathological conditions including signs and symptoms, differential assessment, referral, standard medical treatment and implications for participation in athletics

• Understand the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
• Understand cardiovascular adaptatons to exercise
• Identify various cardiac arrhythmias
• Identify signs and symptoms of cardiovascular abnormalities
• Know when to refer an athlete to a physician for further cardiovascular evaluation

• Describe the anatomy and function of the nervous system
• Recognize and assess an athlete with a suspected sport-related concussion
• Describe a return-to-play progression for an athlete after sport-related concussion
• Recognize and refer an athlete with signs or symptoms of a life-threatening neurological condition
• Identify conditions that make an athlete susceptible to migraines and stroke
• Recognize the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome
• Describe chronic neurological conditions and their effect on athletic participation
• Differentiate when to make a referral to a physician for further neurological evaluation

• Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the eye
• Perform a basic eye exam
• Describe appropriate initial management of common conditions and injuries of the eye
• Recognize conditions of the eye that require referral
• Recognize conditions of the eye that may preclude the athlete from participation

• Describe the basic anatomy of the ear, nose, mouth and throat
• Perform a basic examination of the ear, nose, mouth and throat, identifying normal and pathological conditions
• Properly use an otoscope to examine the ear and the nose
• Recognize common pathological conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat including signs and symptoms, differential assessment, and when to refer the patient to a physician
• Appreciate the common diagnostic tests and standard medical treatment for conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat
• Identify the implications for participation in athletics with various conditions of the ear, nose, mouth and throat

• Appreciate the complexity of systemic disorders
• Recognize signs and symptoms of common systemic ailments
• Identify conditions that warrant referral to a physician
• Relate the warning signs of malignancies involving the lymphatic system and blood
• Describe prevention strategies for Lyme disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Determine and understand diabetic emergencies
• Recognize and refer those with signs and symptoms of a malfunctioning thyroid

• Explain common infection transmission routes and their prevention
• Justify the importance of maintaining immunization against those diseases for which there is vaccine
• Describe the reporting levels of communicable disease
• List the signs and symptoms of common infectious diseases
• Recognize common childhood diseases and how to prevent them
• Demonstrate universal precautions for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease

• Describe the anatomy of the integumentary system
• Recognize signs and symptoms of common skin conditions
• Contrast the differences among viral, fungal, and bacterial skin disorders
• Refer an athlete with a problematic skin disorder to the appropriate health care provider
• Recognize environmentally induced conditions: skin cancers, cold injuries
• Differentiate which acute skin conditions are contraindicated for certain athletic participation

• Determine why communication is imperative in clinical encounters
• Classify rights and responsibilities of the patient -provider partnership
• Recognize barriers and benefits regarding improved communication
• Apply numerous strategies to improve and solidify patient interactions
• Summarize how to fix the system so providers will provide better quality visits

• Identify the ways your conscious or unconscious bias toward patient characteristics may enter the clinical relationship
• Outline ways to improve your clinical communication with patients who are elderly, poor or ethnic minorities.
• Distinguish male and female patient communication styles and plan what to do when your patient wants a different gender provider
• Compare the way Jewish, Irish, Italian, and other cultures present differently as patients and prepare your communication style appropriately
• Internalize the seven ideal interpersonal traits patients want in their health care providers

• Recognize deceptive behaviors from other people and integrate these skills
• Use tips garnered from former CIA officers to separate truth from lies
• Determine motivations for patients to lie to health care providers
• Strategize ways to avoid being lied to by your patients and staff
• Assess the consequences of lying and how it compromises clinical relationships

• Explain the Four Habits of Highly Effective Clinicians
• Show the payoffs for each of the habits and provide examples
• Demonstrate how to avoid “Door Knob Concerns” and uncover hidden problems
• Specify barriers to patient communication and how to overcome them
• Describe action steps to incorporate better communication habits into practice immediately

• Modify explanations about risks, harms and benefits to avoid miscommunication to patients
• Apply research concepts such as sensitivity and specificity to outcomes communications
• Identify weak spots in clinical trials with regard to benefits and harms
• Implement the best practitioner action to build trust in patients
• Discover strategies for better communicating with low functional health literacy patients

• Become familiar with prevention as a key way to manage sports injuries.
• Explain and identify the 7 risk factors for injury.
• Identify different types of injuries and major sites of injury.
• Become familiar with rehabilitation protocols and methods for return to play.
• Become familiar with working with young athletes with physical disabilities.
• Describe 3 uses for clinical application through case study

• Describe and explore the role of the therapist in the treatment, examination and evaluation of children with MD or SMA.
• Describe and differentiate classification/types of MD.
• Summarize and outline 3 key features of the Vignos Functional Rating Scale for Duchenne MD.
• Recognize diagnosis and pathophysiology of SMA.
• Describe clinical application through case studies.

• Describe the incidence, etiology and pathophysiology of BPI
• Become familiar with the changes in body structure and function that occur with various levels of BPI
• Define therapy goals and identify appropriate treatment interventions for children with BPI
• Define and differentiate Erbs palsy from Klumpkes palsy
• Become familiar with the medical management, orthopedic surgery and orthopedic concerns of infants and children with BPI
• Become familiar with outcomes of children with BPI
• Apply clinical application with the use of case studies

• Become familiar with the incidence and etiology of AMC
• Examine and explain how a diagnosis of AMC is determined
• Name 2 clinical manifestations of AMC
• Become familiar with the medical management of infants and children with AMC
• Identify 5 therapy interventions for infants with AMC
• Discuss the importance of stretching and splinting programs as well as other adaptive equipment
• Describe therapy intervention for the pre-school aged child with AMC
• Name 3 therapy interventions for the adolescent with AMC
• Become familiar with the challenges that the child with AMC faces as during transition to adulthood
• Review clinical application through case study

• Become familiar with the classification, etiology and pathophysiology of CP
• Explore and examine how an infant or child is diagnosed with CP
• Compare and contrast single-system and multi-system impairments
• Discuss the role of Occupational and Physical Therapy in the treatment CP
• Become familiar with determinants of prognosis or outcome
• List 5 treatment goals and interventions for the infant with CP
• List 5 treatment goals and interventions for the child with CP
• Describe the importance of reducing primary impairment and preventing secondary impairment in the infant/child with CP
• Discuss the importance and significance of family involvement and key characteristics that must observed
• List factors that must be addressed in preparation for the transition to adulthood in the adolescent with CP

• Define sensory processing and self-regulation.
• List at least five symptoms that may indicate a Sensory Processing Disorder.
• Explain the Fussy Baby Analogy in relation to the three sensory-based learning strategies.
• Describe at least three examples of ways that each sensory-based learning strategy can be used in a school setting.
• Develop a sensory schedule based on given guidelines.
• Assess the effectiveness of sensory-based learning strategies through data collection.

• Describe the incidence and etiology of asthma and review signs and symptoms
• Outline and describe 5 methods of prevention of asthma in children
• Analyze a minimum of 5 medical comorbidities related to asthma
• Describe the neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral comorbidities commonly associated with asthma in children
• Read case studies and outline clinical points of application
• Differentiate 3 treatment techniques and interventions in children with asthma

• Recite the incidence and prevalance of brain tumors along with the etiology and 3 underlying causes
• List and describe 5 factors for predicting the effect a primary brain tumor will have on medical and neuropsychological outcome
• Outline 3 common interventions for the treatment of brain tumors in children
• Describe 3 related medical conditions commonly associated with brain tumor in children
• Analyze and recite common results from a neuropsychological evaluation

• Describe the disorder of Cerebral Palsy and outline its characteristics
• Compare and contrast the different types of Cerebral Palsy
• Describe how Cerebral Palsy is diagnosed
• Describe the medical issues often associated with Cerebral Palsy
• Read case studies that highlight clinical application

• Outline and describe the characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis
• Discuss 3 medical conditions that are commonly associated with Cystic Fibrosis
• Read a case study and discuss 3 important results from the neuropsychological evaluation
• Analyze and discuss 3 relevant interventions
• Discuss the prognosis for children with Cystic Fibrosis

• Provide and discuss the main characteristics of Type I diabetes
• List and describe related medical conditions associated with Type I diabetes
• Define short-term and long-term complications associated with Type I diabetes
• Anaylze and discuss therapeutic interventions and treatment for Type I diabetes
• Read case studies and discuss neuropsychological results

• Describe the characteristics of Down Syndrome and present an overview of the condition
• List and analyze 3 medical conditions often associated with Down Syndrome
• Describe the general psychological profile of an individual with Down Syndrome
• Present an overview of 5 behavioral conditions often seen in children with Down Syndrome
• Analyze and review 2 medical and therapeutic management techniques for associated psychiatric conditions

• Describe the characteristics of encephalitis and meningitis and present an overview of the 2 conditions
• List and analyze 3 medical conditions often associated with encephalitis and meningitis
• Describe the process of making a diagnosis of encephalitis and meningitis
• Outline 3 treatment interventions for encephalitis and meningitis
• Analyze and review case studies and discuss the significance of clinical application related to encephalitis and meningitis

• Compare and contrast key characteristics of hyper and hypothyroidism
• Discuss the significance of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and how it relates to throid dysfunction
• Describe and examine 2 disorders of the adrenal glands including Hypoadrenalism and Hyperadrenalism
• Analyze and describe the effects of disorders of the parathyroid
• Read clinical cases and examine the clinical highligts of patients with endocrinological disorders

• Provide an overview of epilepsy including incidence, prevalence and underlying causes
• Define and outline the process for making a diagnosis of epilepsy
• Analyze and describe 3 factors effecting the neuropsychological outcome for children with epilepsy
• List and describe 3 medical factors often associated with children with epilepsy
• Read case studies and list 3 key results from neuropsychological evaluations

• Become familiar with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Outline and describe key facial abnormalities and the atypical growth patterns characteristic of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• List and analyze comorbid factors associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Recite and describe 3 of the most effective interventions for children effected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
• Read case studies and discuss the significance of clinical application to children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

• Understand and describe key elements of HIV/AIDS
• Outline and describe the disease progression of HIV/AIDS
• Discuss treatment interventions for HIV/AIDS and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy
• Describe how disclosure can effect the family and child with HIV/AIDS
• List 2 significant comorbid disorders often associated with HIV/AIDS
• Read case studies and highlight clinical application and assessment and outcome results

• Outline and describe key features of Leukemia
• Compare and contrast characteristics of acute vs. chronic Leukemia
• Summarize and describe 5 signs and symptoms of Leukemia
• Examine and explain 4 phases of treatment for Leukemia
• Analyze the impact that a diagnosis of Leukemia has on the child and family

• Summarize and outline the key features of Spina Bifida
• Examine 5 medical conditions related to Spina Bifida
• Discuss the significance of latex on the child with Spina Bifida and list 5 products that contain latex
• Explore the neuropsychological sequelae of children with Spina Bifida
• Read case studies and analyze the cognitive and behavioral functioning of children with Spina Bifida

• Compare and contrast the key features of Ischemic Stroke vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke
• List and describe 5 disorders causing ischemic stroke
• List and describe 5 disorders causing hemorrhagic stroke
• Examine the 3 major arteries of the cerebral cortex and list the key clinical features
• Read case studies and highlight clinical applications

• Provide an overview of traumatic brain injury including incidence, prevalence and underlying causes
• Define and differentiate 5 common types of brain injury
• Examine key factors effecting neuropsychological outcomes
• Describe how cognitive abilities and physical functioning are effected based on areas of the brain following stroke
• List and describe 5 common sequela that may develop following traumatic brain injury
• Read case studies and highlight clinical application

• Describe the incidence of the problem of gun violence and how different youth populations are affected
• Describe the disparities that exist in urban firearm violence 
• Describe the role that racism plays in disparities and explain the process of redlining
• Describe the current evidence and state the best predictor of crime
• Describe 2 current issues that have highlighted racial health disparities and describe their impact on violence 
• Describe the role of OT in addressing disparity and become familiar with AOTA Statements on youth violence and systemic racism 
• Understand Justice as a core value of the AOTA Code of Ethics

•Describe 3 characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
•Outline and describe 2 associated behaviors of an individual with ASD
•Examine and explore behavioral interventions to establish early social skills
•Examine and explore behavioral intervention to increase communication
•Examine and explore interventions to establish independent living skills

• Define and analyze the general principles of the nervous system, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses and toxicology of drugs.
• Describe the different drug sources, drug classification groups, and routes of administration.
• Describe the effects of basic physical therapy modalities, such as exercise, heat, cold, and manual techniques, on pharmacokinetics.
• Discuss the mechanism of action, adverse effects, modification of some effects, and side effects of the drugs used to treat the common cardiovascular, pulmonary, orthopedic, metabolic, and neurological conditions commonly encountered by physical therapists.
• Develop the abilities to find up-to-date information on drugs and apply such in current physical therapy practice in conjunction with the different physical therapy modalities.

• Describe pharmacokinetic concepts, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion half-life, and duration of action, and their relationship and signi???cance to therapy
• Describe pharmacodynamic concepts, including the dose-response relationship, therapeutic window, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, tolerance, withdrawal, and addiction
• List 3 general principles of safe medication use and the role of the therapist in optimizing patient safety
• List 3 general principles of treatment and prevention of orthopedic infection, including why such infections are dif???cult to treat and the importance of antibiotic compliance
• List the analgesics best suited for different types of pain
• Describe how opioids work differently from anti-in???ammatory analgesics in the treatment of pain
• List 3 common side effects and precautions associated with opioids, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-in???ammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and corticosteroids
• List 3 risks of acetaminophen overdoses during pain management
• Recognize the boundaries of your professional scope of practice and identify what a therapist can tell a patient about their medication

• Compare how pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics work on the body 
• Categorize medications based of drug classes and mechanisms of actions, indications, adverse effects, and monitoring parameters as it relates to adults and elderly 
• Recognize how to properly use, administer, and dispose of medications

• Explain how different classes of medications can cause central nervous system impairment, significant side effects, and direct dysphagia complications that could elevate a person's risk for adverse sequelae 
• Identify who is at risk for drug-induced dysphagia complications and be prepared to advocate for your patients with the entire medical team, collaborating with pharmacy, nursing, physicians, and more 
• Describe medications that could improve swallow function, especially when taken correctly, and advocate for people who have difficulty swallowing pills and require safe strategies and solutions

• Discuss the impact of medication errors on patient safety and the risk factors that contribute to healthcare issues.
• Analyze safety standards and the role of organizational culture in the prevention of healthcare and medication related adverse events
• Describe error reporting systems, processes, and tools used to investigate and disclose medication-related adverse events
• Identify high-alert and high-risk medications and measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of adverse events
• Recognize the impact on technology on reducing adverse healthcare outcomes

• List five statistical references that relate to evidence based practice.
• List four Red flags that are pertinent in the evaluation component of treatment.
• Identify the five categories that pertain to possible spinal pain and referred pain.
• Describe two metabolic diseases that can affect the spine.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Physical Diagnosis 166 through Physical Diagnosis 169

• Recognize and list four red flags for the cervical and shoulder girdle.
• Identify three medical conditions that may refer to the cervical spine but are non-musculoskeletal in origin and require a physician's intervention.
• Name and describe two CPR for the Cervical Spine.
• List two dural tests that are done for the nervous system in the Cervical region.

• Identify and describe two musculoskeletal issues of the thoracic region.
• List one dural test that is used to evaluate the thoracic region which will assist in determining normal neuromeningeal pathway mobility.
• List two CPR of the spine in the thoracic region that have good reliability and are effective in use.
• List and describe two vascular diagnoses which may relate to Thoracic Spine referred pain

• Identify two serious pathologies that appear to be related to the lumbar spine but are not.
• Describe three categories of pelvic fractures than may occur.
• Describe the objective differences between vascular claudication and neurogenic claudication.
• List the five screening tests for the pelvis and SI joint.

• Compare the difference between angular and linear motion.
• List the limiting factors necessary for stability in respect to linear motion.
• List and describe the function of the limiting structures of the atlantooccipital joint and the atlantoaxial joint.
• Describe the path of the vertebral artery from the subclavian artery to the basilar artery
• List the three types of Atlantooccipital fractures.
• Describe five diseases that may compromise the stability of the cervical region and how.
• List and elaborate on the immune specific diseases that can affect the atlantoaxial joint.
• Summarize the normal growth of the cervical spine and craniovertebral region in children.
• Outline the details of IFOMPT Framework for Red Flags.
• Demonstrate three stability tests of the cervical region and interpret the results.
• Demonstrate a neurological scan to clear spinal cord and neurological dysfunction in the cervical spine.
• Apply a vigorous mandatory scan for all patients to rule out serious pathology of the cervical spine and the neurological system and be able to interpret the results.

• Discuss the unique properties of lasers and their clinical applications
• Identify indications and contraindications to cold laser therapy
• List parameters and protocols of cold laser therapy
• Evaluate the current body of low level laser therapy clinical research
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using cold laser therapy

• Describe the development of postural control systems and the influence of that development on gross- and fine-motor development.
• Discuss atypical development of postural control and its influence on the development of gross- and fine-motor skills.
• Identify appropriate assessment tools available for the evaluation of postural control.
• Identify appropriate treatment techniques for facilitating reactive and anticipatory postural control.

• Define ROM techniques including AROM, PROM, Total Active ROM, Total PROM, Flexion-DPC, and Torque ROM
• Identify principles for measuring ROM of the wrist and hand
• Identify appropriate selection of goniometer for measuring joints of the wrist and hand

• Review sensory-motor control and rehabilitation
• Discuss aerobic exercise for LBP patients
• Describe muscle training of the hip, abdominal and paraspinal muscles
• Identify how aerobic exercise improves motor performance in the elderly
• Distinguish the effects of different training styles on the cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles

• Describe the contribution of hip vs. spinal motion
• Distinguish poor motor patterns of hip and low back movements and what to do about it
• Differentiate the role of exercise for neck disorders and determine what type of exercise works
• Delineate the neural adaptations to exercise and apply towards rehabilitation
• Describe current issues in low back rehabilitation (such as can low back tissues heal within a few weeks?)

• Describe the long term course of LBP
• Describe neuromuscular impairments following LBP
• Differentiate the effects of pain on the neuromuscular system
• Discuss the models that explain the nature of motor problems with pain
• Differentiate and discuss the potential sources of LBP

• Identify and describe the major factors influencing muscular strength
• Assess the chiropractic influences on strength
• Identify and discuss the strength training principles
• Illustrate components of a training session
• Apply training principles into a practical strength program

• Define proprioception and describe how it is measured
• Discuss proprioception from a rehabilitative perspective
• Examine ankle, knee and shoulder proprioception and rehabilitation
• Examine spinal proprioception and sensorimotor training
• Summarize rehabilitation recommendations for proprioceptive deficits

• Identify the anatomy of upper motor neuron tract systems and discuss the functionality of upper motor neuron tract systems
• Explain the effects of a spinal cord injury
• Discuss the anatomy and functionality of regions of the brain
• Describe complications post injury of brain and spinal cord injury
• Describe standard treatment procedures prior to rehabilitation of brain and spinal cord injured patients
• Explain the difference between neurological deficit rigidity versus disuse atrophy/spasm of spinal cord and head injured patients
• Describe treatment options for rehabilitation of spinal cord and head injured patients
• Explain treatment methods to transition C curve locomotion to S curve locomotion
• Explain treatment methods for atrophy and spasm
• Discuss most current curative research for spinal cord and head injured patients

• Recite 3 risk factors for developing rotator cuff tendonosis
• State the purpose of the scapula reposition and scapula assistance test.
• Explain how to perform the external rotation lag sign and recall the purpose of this test
• Paraphrase one evidence - based test cluster for diagnosing a rotator cuff tear.
• Recall two indications/goals for performing posterior glenohumeral joint mobilizations.
• Cite the clinical prediction rule (CPR) for favorable outcome in patients undergoing conservative management for rotator cuff disorders
• Identify two criteria for phase I rehabilitation exercises for rotator cuff disorders

• Recall 3 potential reasons, based on expert opinion, that may contribute to the high re-tear rate following rotator cuff repair.
• Recite 4 factors that impact the rehabilitation program for patients following rotator cuff repair.
• Summarize the DeOrio classification for rotator cuff tear size.
• State 3 appropriate exercises during weeks 0-2 following rotator cuff repair
• Provide 2 appropriate exercises during weeks 6-8 following rotator cuff repair
• Name 3 appropriate exercises during weeks 8-12 following rotator cuff repair

• Enumerate three physical / clinical examination findings associated with rupture of the quadriceps tenon.
• List 3 patient specific factors that need to be considered when following a rehabilitation program following repair of the quadriceps or patella tendon.
• Recall three goals during phase 1 (0-2 weeks) of a rehabilitation program following repair of the quadriceps or patella tendon.
• Identify three goals during phase 3 of a rehabilitation program following repair of the quadriceps or patella tendon.
• Cite five return to play criteria that need to be met following repair of the quadriceps or patella tendon.

• Summarize the key difference between the cartilage restoration vs cartilage reparation procedures.
• List 3 personal (health and demographic) factors that need to be considered when following a rehabilitation program following cartilage restoration/reparative procedures.
• Enumerate 3 lesion-specific factors that need to be considered when following a rehabilitation program following cartilage restoration/reparative procedures.
• Recall three goals during phase 1 (0-2 weeks) of a rehabilitation program following cartilage restoration/reparative procedures.
• Cite five return to play criteria that need to be met following cartilage restoration/reparative procedures.
• Summarize the evidence-based outcomes for the 3 most common cartilage restoration/reparation techniques.

Hour 1

• Recall 2 pathological pitching mechanical patterns that may lead to injury
• List 3 injury risk factors in in the overhead athlete
• Provide 4 injury prevention screening tests for the overhead athlete
• With respect to shoulder strength, cite 3 metrics  that can be used as red flags to identify players who are at higher risk for incurring an injury to the shoulder /elbow

Hour 1

• Recall the most common types of lumbar spine injuries among athletes participating in different sports.
• Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of the treatment-based classification system as it applies to the treatment of the athlete’s lumbar spine.
• List 3 contemporary treatment models that can be applied to the management of lower back pain in the athlete.

Hour 2

• Recall the definition and importance of red and yellow flags during the medical screening process.
• Identify 3 red flags that may implicate a non-mechanical source of lower back pain.
• List the difference between central and peripheral sensitization.

Hour 3

• List one treatment goal in phase 2 rehabilitation of the athlete’s lumbar spine.
• Cite one treatment principle in phase 3 rehabilitation of the athlete’s lumbar spine.
• Summarize two variations of the squat exercises that can be used to decrease strain on the lumbar spine.
• Recall three variations of the deadlift exercises that can be used to decrease strain on the lumbar spine.
• Summarize the McGill core endurance ratio tests that can be used to guide the return to sport decision making processes

• Define and differentiate between key elements of muscle performance; strength, power, muscle endurance
• List key factors that influence the tension-producing capacity of normal skeletal muscle
• Explain the relationships among muscle fatigue, recovery from exercise and overtraining
• List precautions and contraindications for resistance exercise
• Describe principles and concepts of specificity or exercise, transfer of training overload, and reversibility as they relate to resistance exercise
• Describe the adaptation of muscle, connective tissue and bone to resistive exercise
• State general principles for application and implementation of resistance exercise

• Describe the physiological components of balance
• Outline changes in balance across the lifespan
• Define the role of the balance system in regaining function
• Describe the assessment of balance as a means to determine fall risk and to guide treatment
• Explain how to develop an appropriate exercise program to treat impairments and functional limitations related to balance

• Define the concept of endurance for both the cardiovascular and muscular systems
• Describe the physiological responses in the heart, lungs, and peripheral structures to exercise
• Explain the roles and response of skeletal muscles and respiratory muscles to exercise
• Identify 5 effects of disuse and-or immobility and aging on exercise response
• Outline the acute response to aerobic, isometric, and resistive exercise
• List 3 benefits of chronic aerobic exercise
• List 5 cardiovascular and pulmonary risk factors and explain how to reduce the risk with exercise

• Describe the nature and complexity of "coordinated movement"
• Describe and objectively measure disorders of coordination
• Explain elements of neuromuscular control and functional stability
• Define proprioception
• Describe the importance of proprioception and its contribution to normal movement
• Define common disorders of proprioception
• Rationalize the important role of ligaments in position sense
• Recognize, perform and analyze various therapeutic interventions that focus on proprioceptive deficits
• Differentiate and apply methods of problem-solving, multitasking, cognitive overlays, and multistep commands to improve coordination

• Describe conditions that may effect joint motion
• Describe impairments in joint ROM
• Describe normal and abnormal joint end-feels
• Explain capsular patterns
• Explore the scientific basis of stretch
• List and explain principles of ROM and stretching
• List and explain various types of stretching exercises
• List and explain the precautions and contraindications to ROM and stretching

• Define the hip and trunk CORE
• Evaluate the CORE muscles and structure
• Delineate the difference between local and global muscles on the back
• Identify the muscles of the abdominal area that are considered stabilizing
• Identify the spinal muscles that stiffen the spine
• Evaluate the CORE dysfunction 
• Instruct patients in exercises designed to strength hip and trunk muscles
• Identify the correlation between muscle weakness in the hip and lower extremity injuries

• Describe the physiological adaptations within the muscle following strength exercises
• Provide examples of the changes that occur with neural adaptations within muscle
• List the major contributors to improving muscle strength
• Explain the differences among strength, power, and endurance
• Distinguish among how to train Type I, Type IIA, and Type IIB muscle fiber types
• Identify the number of repetitions, sets, and amount of resistance necessary to increase muscle strength and hypertrophy
• Describe the effects of aging on muscle
• Describe the phases of periodization training
• Describe the differences among eccentric, concentric, and isometric exercises
• Provide examples of off-season, in-season, and maintenance programs for athletes

• Explore and outline the physiology of plyometric exercises
• Design a functional progression of plyometric exercises
• Determine the physiological requirements before starting a plyometric exercise program
• Determine the importance of posture and jumping techniques in plyometric exercises
• Identify the landing strategies in plyometric exercises
• Design a plyometric training program
• Integrate foot work into speed development programs
• Give objectives for jumping patterns
• Describe how to progress an athlete in work, intensity, and volume

• Define exercise training and identify the goal of exercise training for athletes
• List and explain the training principles
• Define and explain the goals of periodization
• Describe the cycle types within each phase of periodization
• Define and differentiate between overreaching and the overtraining syndrome (OTS)
• Distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic forms of OTS
• Discuss the major hypotheses proposed to explain the causes and mechanisms of OTS
• Identify components important to monitor during training
• Suggest techniques to prevent OTS
• Identify treatment for OTS
• Define detraining and indicate the factors that influence the magnitude and rate of loss of training adaptations
• Describe the consequences of detraining on the metabolic system, cardiorespiratory and the neuromuscular system

• Identify the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of muscle damage and overuse
• Describe muscle damage secondary to metabolic overload and  to mechanical factors
• Summarize the physiological effects of muscle damage
• Compare the damaging effects of isometric, concentric, and eccentric exercises on the muscle
• Identify the increased risk of muscle damage in the young athlete
• List the classification of muscle strain
• Describe the healing of muscle cells and fibers
• Summarize the appropriate management of damage to muscle

• List key components of a history and physical exam of the child's knee
• Become familiar with specific conditions of the knee
• Define and differentiate various conditions of the child's knee including patellofemoral pain and meniscal pathology
• Become familiar with ligamentous injuries of the knee
• Outline and describe common tests used to examine the child's knee

• List 4 known developmental variants of the knee
• Outline 5 congenital and development disorders of the knee
• Differentiate acute trauma disorders of the knee vs chronic trauma
• Understand key points of how to read an MRI of the knee
• Become familiar with key points on how to identify various conditions of the knee with MRI

• List 10 potential benefits of resistance training for young athletes
• Outline and explain important factors in designing a resistance program
• Define concepts of specificity of training, periodization, restoration and preseason conditioning
• Outline 10 preseason conditioning guidelines for young athletes

• Understand the classification of patellofemoral disorders
• Outline the symptoms of patellofemoral disorders
• Become familiar with conservative and surgical treatments for patellofemoral disorders
• Describe surgical techniques for the treatment of patellofemoral disorders
• Understand chronic dislocation of the patella and its treatment

• Define and differentiate tendinopathies of the extensor apparatus of the knee
• Become familiar with Osgood-Schlatter lesions including diagosis, imaging, differential diagnosis and management
• Describe the conservative and surgical management of patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy
• Outline a therapy protocol for patellar tendonitis
• Become familiar with conditions that cause anterior knee pain in children

Tendinopathy of the Extensor Apparatus of the Knee

• Define and differentiate tendinopathies of the extensor apparatus of the knee
• Become familiar with Osgood-Schlatter lesions including diagosis, imaging, differential diagnosis and management
• Describe the conservative and surgical management of patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy
• Outline a therapy protocol for patellar tendonitis
• Become familiar with conditions that cause anterior knee pain in children

Fractures in the Growing Knee in Children and Adolescents

• Describe the anatomy, physiology and biomechanics of the growing knee
• Review examination techniques of the injured immature knee
• Describe and differentiate specific fractures of the knee including their management, complications and outcomes
• Outline and define imaging techniques
• Become familiar with surgical techniques for fractures in the growing knee

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

• Review anatomy and biomechanics of the ACL
• Explore risk factors and injury patterns for the ACL
• Become familiar with treatment options and outcomes for ACL repair
• Describe various surgical techniques for ACL reconstruction
• Outline postop rehabilitation protocols and discuss outcomes following ACL surgery

• Describe the anatomy, physiology and biomechanics of the growing knee
• Review examination techniques of the injured immature knee
• Describe and differentiate specific fractures of the knee including their management, complications and outcomes
• Outline and define imaging techniques
• Become familiar with surgical techniques for fractures in the growing knee

• Review anatomy and biomechanics of the ACL
• Explore risk factors and injury patterns for the ACL
• Become familiar with treatment options and outcomes for ACL repair
• Describe various surgical techniques for ACL reconstruction
• Outline postop rehabilitation protocols and discuss outcomes following ACL surgery

• Become familiar with the use of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing substances in the adolescent athlete
• List 5 side effects of the use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS)
• Outline 5 interventions to decrease the use of steroids among adolescents
• List 5 risk factors for the use of AAS
• Understand the use and risks of using Human Growth Hormone
• Describe and differentiate amphetamines and other stimulants

• Outline techniques for Achilles tendon surgery and rehabilitation
• Describe peroneal tendon surgery and rehabilitation
• Define and differentiate 3 conditions where posterior tibial tendon surgery may be indicated
• List key features of plantar fascia rehabilitation
• Review hallux valgus surgery and rehabilitation techniques
• Understand categories for ankle stabilization surgery and post op rehab protocols

• Define the muscle-tendon unit
• Describe the stages of tissue healing and the importance of application of this knowledge in rehabilitation
• State the mechanism of injury for strains
• Identify characteristics of the different grades of strains and application of this to rehabilitation
• Describe the classifications of tendon pathology
• State key aspects of the clinical evaluation
• Identify rehabilitation principles for acute and chronic injuries and design appropriate rehabilitation interventions
• Describe rehabilitation treatment techniques for common muscle-tendon pathologies

• Explain the physical properties of water, including buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and fluid dynamics
• Identify the effect of immersion on weight bearing and appropriately apply weight-bearing guidelines in a clinical situation
• Explain the physiologic responses of water immersion
• Compare and contrast the physiologic response of exercise on land and in water
• Identify and apply recommended guidelines for cardiovascular conditioning in water
• Design a comprehensive aquatic-based rehabilitation program for an athlete that uses the principles of stretching, strengthening, balance, and aerobic conditioning

• Explain the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors that predispose females to lower extremity injury
• Relate biomechanical and neuromuscular factors to the lower extremity injuries more commonly experienced by females
• Describe specific rehabilitation interventions targeting the neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors associated with lower extremity injury in female athletes

• Explain the fundamental basis of plyometric training, its origins, and its applications
• Describe the mechanical and neuromuscular physiologic processes involved in the stretch-shortening cycle and how it applies to plyometrics
• Describe the important clinical considerations surrounding the appropriate use of plyometrics in the orthopedic and sports medicine rehabilitation setting
• Describe and apply important fundamentals for the use of plyometrics as a rehabilitation tool, including pretraining assessment, application of exercise prescription principles, and injury prevention
• Design a basic plyometric training program at low-, medium-, and high-intensity levels
• Use a variety of upper and lower extremity plyometric exercises as a part of the rehabilitation process

• Identify common muscular injuries involving the quadriceps, hamstring, and groin areas
• Recall typical sports-related injuries to the thigh and apply appropriate treatment and rehabilitation strategies
• Apply different rehabilitation strategies based on stages of healing for soft tissue injuries of the thigh
• Recognize appropriate activities to increase muscular strength and endurance for the hamstring, quadriceps, and groin muscle groups
• Identify appropriate functional activities for rehabilitation of thigh injuries

• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on a healing/reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or lateral collateral ligament
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on the patellofemoral joint
• Develop appropriate rehabilitation programs for athletes with a variety of knee injuries
• Determine when to advance an athlete's rehabilitation program by using specifi c measurable criteria
• Discuss the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of arthrometry, lower extremity functional tests, and isokinetics
• Interpret information obtained from an arthrometer, lower extremity functional tests, and measures of strength

Rehabilitation of the LE: Thigh and Knee Injuries

• Identify common muscular injuries involving the quadriceps, hamstring, and groin areas.
• Recall typical sports-related injuries to the thigh and apply appropriate treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
• Apply different rehabilitation strategies based on stages of healing for soft tissue injuries of the thigh.
• Recognize appropriate activities to increase muscular strength and endurance for the hamstring, quadriceps, and groin muscle groups.
• Identify appropriate functional activities for rehabilitation of thigh injuries.
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on a healing/reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or lateral collateral ligament.
• Identify activities that may cause detrimental stress on the patellofemoral joint.
• Develop appropriate rehabilitation programs for athletes with a variety of knee injuries.
• Determine when to advance an athlete's rehabilitation program by using specifi c measurable criteria.
• Discuss the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of arthrometry, lower extremity functional tests, and isokinetics.
• Interpret information obtained from an arthrometer, lower extremity functional tests, and measures of strength.

Shoulder Rehabilitation

• Incorporate biomechanical principles of the shoulder as they relate to prevention and postinjury or postsurgical rehabilitation for specific injuries.
• Associate anatomic structures of the shoulder to particular injuries based on function of the structures during the pitching act.
• Explain the role of the rotator cuff in shoulder arthrokinematics and prevention of injury.
• Develop a rehabilitation program for specific pathologic shoulder conditions that takes into account the biomechanical function and healing parameters for the anatomic structures involved.
• Advance an athlete through phases of shoulder rehabilitation based on specific criteria for progression.
• Incorporate rehabilitation limitations and concerns for specific postinjury and postsurgical pathologic shoulder conditions.

• Incorporate biomechanical principles of the shoulder as they relate to prevention and postinjury or postsurgical rehabilitation for specific injuries
• Associate anatomic structures of the shoulder to particular injuries based on function of the structures during the pitching act
• Explain the role of the rotator cuff in shoulder arthrokinematics and prevention of injury
• Develop a rehabilitation program for specific pathologic shoulder conditions that takes into account the biomechanical function and healing parameters for the anatomic structures involved
• Advance an athlete through phases of shoulder rehabilitation based on specific criteria for progression
• Incorporate rehabilitation limitations and concerns for specific postinjury and postsurgical pathologic shoulder conditions

Part I: Leg Pain in the Athlete: Stress Fractures, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, and External Compartment Syndromes

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Outline and describe nonoperative treatment for stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Outline and describe postoperative rehab after stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, and external compartment syndromes

Part II: Tibial Shaft Fractures

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for tibial shaft fractures
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with tibial shaft fractures
• Outline and describe nonoperative treatment for tibial shaft fractures
• Outline and describe postoperative rehab after tibial shaft fractures
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of tibial shaft fractures

• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for shoulder impingement syndrome
• List and describe 6 physical examinations used for assessing shoulder impingement syndrome
• Define the key clinical features of rotator cuff tendinopathy
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for rotator cuff tendinopathy
• Define the key clinical features of glenohumeral osteoarthritis
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for glenohumeral osteoarthritis
• Define the key clinical features of glenohumeral joint instability
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for glenohumeral joint instability
• Define the key clinical features of adhesive capsulitis
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for adhesive capsulitis

• Define 3 key clinical features of lateral epicondylopathy
  
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for lateral epicondylopathy
• Define 3 clinical features of medial epicondylopathy
  
• Outline and describe 4 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for medial epicondylopathy
• Define key clinical features of olecranon bursitis, distal biceps tendinopathy, ulnar neuropathy and ulnar collateral ligament injury
  
• Outline and describe 2 therapeutic interventions included in a rehab program for olecranon bursitis, distal biceps tendinopathy, ulnar neuropathy and ulnar collateral ligament injury

• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
• Describe diagnostic criteria for each of the following conditions: DeQuervain's, CTS and Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis

• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of hip osteoarthritis
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for hip osteoarthritis
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of iliopsoas tendinopathy and bursopathy
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for iliopsoas tendinopathy and bursopathy
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of greater trochanteric pain syndrome
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for greater trochanteric pain syndrome
• Summarize 5 characteristics and clinical features of hamstring strains and tendinopathy
• Outline 5 components of the rehab program for hamstring strains and tendinopathy
• Describe diagnostic criteria for each of the following conditions noted above

• Outline 3 key characteristics of various knee injuries including OA, patellofermoral syndrome, patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy, ligament sprains, meniscal tears, iliotibial band friction syndrome and other knee disorders
• Summarize and list 3 treatment guidelines for all of the injuries listed above
• Define which modality is used for diagnosing each of the above pathologies
• Provide an outline of 3 exercises used in the rehab of each knee pathology listed above
• Define 2 specialized techniques used for each of the knee pathologies listed above

• Outline 3 key characteristics of various foot and ankle injuries including lateral ankle sprains, chronic ankle instability, Achilles tendinopathy, posterior tibial tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis and other ankle disorders
• Summarize and list 3 treatment guidelines for all of the injuries listed above
• Define which modality is used for diagnosing each of the above pathologies
• Provide an outline of 3 exercises used in the rehab of each foot and ankle injury listed above
• Define 2 specialized techniques used for each of the foot and ankle injuries listed above

• Outline the characteristic pattern of symptoms for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Describe 2 diagnostic criteria for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Summarize 3 components of manual therapy for cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy
• Discuss 2 specialized techniques for the treatment of cervical facet arthopathy, disc pathology and radiculopathy

• Describe 3 key characteristics of the following conditions: lumber facet/arthrosis/spondylosis, lumbar disc pathology, lumbar radiculopathy, lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolosthesis, spinal stenosis and other lumbar spine disorders
• List 3 therapeutic modalities for each of the above conditions
• Analyze 2 manual therapy techniques for each of the above conditions
• Describe 3 key components of the home exercise program

• Describe 3 key characteristics of sacroiliac joint dysfunction, piriformis syndrome and pelvic dysfunction
• List 3 therapeutic modalities for each of the above conditions
• Analyze 2 manual therapy techniques for each of the above conditions
• Describe 3 key components of the home exercise program

• Define sudden cardiac death (SCD) and list 2 epidemiologic and gender differences between male and female athletes
• Discuss 2 findings related to athletic remodeling in athletes
• Examine and explain 2 structural differences related to myocardial wall thickness and list 3 reasons related to these differences
• Describe oxygen consumption, congenital heart disease and bicuspid aortic valve differences between male and female athletes
• Examine and describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC)
• Describe the significance of the Marfan Syndrome

• Discuss 5 factors that effect the nutritional needs of a female athlete
• Describe the macronutrient needs of a female athlete including carbohydrates, fats and proteins
• Describe the micronutrient needs of a female athlete including iron, vitamin D, zinc, calcium, magnesium and B vitamins
• Define and differentiate other nutritional concerns including runners gut, gut ischemia, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccaharides, monosaccharides and polyols
• Examine and outline the effects of 4 important supplements including caffeine, creatine, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Beta-alanine

• Describe telerehabilitation, including services that can be provided under its scope, and list 3 examples of how it can be delivered
• List and discuss 3 ways that telerehabilitation has been shown to strengthen the patient-provider connection
• Describe the use of telemedicine in specialized care including patients with stroke, TBI, MS and SCI
• Discuss findings and list 2 benefits of cardiac telerehabilitation for CAD and CHF
• Describe the use of telerehabilitation for rheumatology, chronic pain and musculoskeletal conditions
• Discuss of the WFOT’s position on telehealth

• Discuss the current evidence-base of mobile health and smart phone apps and list 5 ways that mHealth apps can aid in medical care
• Describe and discuss mobile health interventions for specific diagnoses including brain injury, spinal cord injury, musculoskeletal injury, cardiac rehab, pain management and amputee care
• Outline and describe 4 limitations regarding the use of mHealth apps in rehabilitation medicine
• Describe 2 patient-centered mobile health applications in rehabilitation medicine
• Describe 2 applications for Community and Social Integration

• Identify specific conduct and activities within the practice of healthcare that violate a host of regulatory and statutory proscriptions relating to fee splits and kickbacks
• Explain the development of current fee-splitting laws
• Distinguish the letter of the law regarding fee-splitting and anti-kickback legislation from unprofessional conduct and consequent harms the statutes were enacted to discourage
• Demonstrate a working knowledge regarding the roles played by the various state and federal enforcement agencies as they related to fee splits and kickbacks
• Assess ones working knowledge regarding the process by which anti-referral safe harbors developed and how they operate

• Evaluate sample healthcare employment agreement
• Explain the components of a well drafted healthcare employment agreement
• Relate likely enforcement of provisions included in healthcare employment contract
• Assess non-compete provisions through a judicial balancing test
• Distinguish the various methods by which a court will rehabilitate certain contract provisions and selectively enforce others
• Explain what kinds of contract provisions may run afoul of state and federal laws, including fee splitting and kickback prohibitions

• Evaluate a sample sale agreement and sample letter issued to patients upon dissolution of practice
• Explain components of any well drafted buy-sell agreement including non-competes
• Identify how to handle patient records vis-à-vis the sale
• Understanding forms and laws relating to the transfer of logos, trademarks and Internet Domain Names
• HIPAA Considerations
• Acquaint oneself with the tax consequences of particular types of practice sales
• Discuss valuation methods used for determining an appropriate practice sales price
• Identify legal concerns associated with the dissolution of a healthcare practice
• Recognize how sales can trigger violations: fee splitting, patient abandonment, kickback, and anti-trust

• Appreciate the significance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transforming the healthcare industry.
• Recognize the potential benefits of AI in improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment outcomes.
• Identify how AI can streamline administrative processes, such as scheduling appointments, billing, forms, and managing patient records.
• Explore compliance with laws and regulations when using AI and chatbots in advertising, including rules around data collection and use
• Understand the challenges of determining who owns the copyright for content generated by AI systems
• Evaluate the importance of keeping up-to-date with technological advancements in healthcare for quality patient care and practice management
• Comprehend the challenges regarding patient data privacy and security associated with AI.

• Review functional anatomy of the shoulder joint
• Define and explore conservative management of rotator cuff, capsulitis and frozen shoulder
• Define predisposing factors of impingement
• Identify rotator cuff pathology and functional considerations
• Understand the conservative and postoperative treatment of rotator cuff disease
• Differentiate shoulder arthroplasty vs. arthrodesis
• Differentiate the pathology involved in anterior, posterior and multidirectional instability
• Define treatment principles for shoulder instability
• Become familiar with various shoulder exercises and the progression of exercise programs
• Incorporate proprioceptive exercises into a shoulder rehab program
• Explore the application of therapy

• Describe the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint
• Describe scapulothoracic motion and identify 3 factors that increase stress on the rotator cuff
• List 5 components included in a comprehensive evaluation of the shoulder
• List and describe 3 provocative examinations used to evaluate the rotator cuff
• Differentiate diagnostic imaging techniques used in shoulder evaluations

• Describe the pathomechanics involved in rotator cuff injury
• Describe 3 nonoperative treatment interventions in the treatment of rotator cuff pathology
• List surgical procedures and describe results in the management of rotator cuff pathology
• Differentiate the results and advantages/disadvantages of arthroscopic rotator cuff debridement
• Explore the diagnosis and treatment for bicipital tendinosis
• Describe the technique involved for open biceps tenodesis

• List 3 different nonoperative techniques for managing anterior glenohumeral dislocations.
• Describe 2 techniques involved in the surgical management of glenohumeral instability.
• Differentiate the 3 phases of adhesive capsulitis.
• Describe surgical and nonsurgical management of adhesive capsulitis.
• Examine the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of superior labral anteroposterior lesions.

• Become familiar with impingement syndrome
• List 3 extrinsic factors related to impingement syndrome
• List 3 intrinsic factors related to impingement syndrome
• Describe and differentiate the pathological stages of impingement syndrome
• Become familiar with shoulder-strengthening exercises
• Describe the classification of rotator cuff disease
• Examine and outline key features of rotator cuff disease in the athlete
• Examine rehabilitation issues related to pathologic conditions
• Review case studies for clinical application

• Become familiar with shoulder instability
• Review muscle mechanics and understand anatomy that contributes to shoulder dislocation and stability
• Define SLAP lesions and describe the characteristics of each type of SLAP lesion
• Review nonoperative treatment of SLAP lesions
• Outline 3 important features of postoperative treatment for SLAP lesions
• Describe the term rotator interval capsule and anatomy
• Become familiar with posterior instability along with symptoms and rehab
• Describe scapular kinetics associated with glenohumeral joint instability
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application

• Describe the etiology and classification of rotator cuff injury
• Describe and differentiate different types of rotator cuff tears
• Outline components of a shoulder evaluation for rotator cuff injury
• List and describe 3 tests used for evaluating a patient with rotator cuff injury
• Become familiar with biomechanical concepts involved with rehabilitation
• List and describe 3 rehabilitation principles involved in the treatment of rotator cuff injury
• Read and review case studies to understand clinical application

• Become familiar with visceral disease or condition that may cause referred pain to the shoulder
• Describe and differentiate visceral pain from musculoskeletal pain
• List 5 signs that may indicate a possible visceral disease or condition
• Review and recite 5 theories on visceral referred pain
• List organs and pathologic conditions and describe how they might refer pain to the shoulder
• List various signs and symptoms of conditions that may refer pain to the shoulder
• Read and review case studies to understand clinical application

• Become familiar with the management of trigger points of the shoulder
• Recite criteria for identification of a myofascial trigger point
• Examine and outline palpation techniques for indentification of trigger points
• Describe the pathogenesis of trigger points
• Outline treatment options and treatment techniques for trigger points
• Outline the use of 5 modalities used for treating trigger points

• Become familiar with and examine strength training concepts
• Define and differentiate different types of muscle actions
• Examine fiber types and specific adaptations
• Define and differentiate hypertrophy versus hyperplasia
• Describe mechanical changes in passive and dynamic muscle stiffness
• List properties of eccentric, concentric and isometric strengthening
• List 5 variables that affects strength training

• Become familiar with the etiology of rotator cuff tears
• Describe and differentiate various imaging techniques for diagnosing rotator cuff tears
• Outline nonoperative techniques for treatment of rotator cuff tears
• Examine operative techniques for rotator cuff repairs
• Explain results and expected outcomes for rotator cuff repairs
• Read case studies to highlight clinical application

• List 5 clinical considerations for total shoulder replacement
• Outline components for a comprehensive examination of the shoulder
• Describe and differentiate pathological conditions about the shoulder
• Outline rehabilitation protocols and categories of rehab following shoulder arthroplasty

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit(GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques for the patient with shoulder hypomobility
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Become acquainted with soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

Part I:

• Review functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Become familiar and understand current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• List and describe innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Apply a sytematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Recite the overall incidence of anterior glenohumeral instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of anterior shoulder instability
• Define and explaine 5 key features related to the clinical presentation of instabilty
• Explain differential diagnosis for anterior shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of posterior shoulder instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of posterior shoulder instability
• Examine and explain 3 key features related to the clinical presentation of shoulder instability
• Explain differential diagnosis for posterior shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of multidirectional shoulder instability
• Describe the pathophysiology of multidirectional shoulder instability
• Examine and explain 3 key features related to the clinical presentation of shoulder instability
• Explain differential diagnosis for multidirectional shoulder instability
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Recite the overall incidence of superior labral tears
• Describe the pathophysiology of superior labral tears
• Understand the clinical presentation of superior labral tears
• Explain differential diagnosis for superior labral tears
• Examine and describe surgical and non-surgical treatment options

• Explain the anatomy and functionality of healthy soft tissue components
• Explain the effects of injury on soft tissue
• Define effects of injured soft tissue on functionality of the spine and extremities
• Discuss patterns of musculoskeletal relationships of recruiting other structures after injury and their effects on functionality
• Describe various methods of treatment for dysfunctional soft tissue
• Explain relationship of injured tissue to its surrounding structures, its effects and treatment
• Explain compensation and recruitment of healthy tissue to the broader scope of complications and the effective treatment of primary and now secondary effects of injury
• Describe rehabilitation exercises in relation to proprioception

• Differentiate localized MPS and fibromyalgia
• Become familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of MPS
• Describe theory and benefits of Myofascial Release (MFR) as a treatment for soft tissue conditions including MPS
• Summarize 3 key points of traditional and modern Myofascial techniques

• Explain the types of soft tissue
• Demonstrate and discuss diagnostic evaluation of soft tissue injury
• Explain pain patterns of neurological injury for differential diagnosis
• Discuss types of soft tissue injuries
• Evaluate soft tissue changes associated with pain
• Discuss the mechanisms of healing soft tissue injuries
• Describe diagnostic tools in determining soft tissue injuries
• Explain the use of ice and heat in soft tissue injuries
• Demonstrate and discuss stretching; passive, active and postfacilitation
• Demonstrate and discuss somatic technique
• Demonstrate and discuss strain/counterstrain
• Demonstrate and discuss friction massage
• Demonstrate and discuss Postisometric relaxation
• Demonstrate and discuss electrical muscle stimulation and ultrasound
• Demonstrate and discuss triggerpoint ultrasound in treatment
• Discuss massage therapy
• Demonstrate and discuss myofascial release
• Demonstrate and discuss active release
• Demonstrate and discuss Neuromuscular Therapy (NMT)
• Discuss cold laser therapy
• Demonstrate and discuss exercise rehabilitation and muscle strengthening
• Discuss mobilization and manipulation

• Explain the structural anatomy of the shoulder and its soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the shoulder and its soft tissue.
• Demonstrate the active and passive examination of the shoulder and soft tissue.
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, bursa and muscles of the shoulder
• Describe sports injures to the shoulder.
• Describe injuries to the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the shoulder.
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, bursa and muscles of the shoulder.
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the shoulder.
• Define functional relationships of the shoulder with associated regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Demonstrate the active examination of the elbow, wrist, and hand and associated soft tissue
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascia, bursa and nerves of the elbow, wrist, and hand
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the bony structures of the elbow, wrist and hand
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascia, bursa and nerves of the elbow, wrist and hand
• Define functional relationships between the elbow, wrist and hand and with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones and joints of the cervical spine, the ligaments and muscles of the cervical spine and the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Discuss imaging of the cervical spine
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the cervical spine
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the cervical spine
• Explain the mechanism of acceleration/deceleration impact
• Explain the effects on the cervical spine from acceleration/deceleration injury, and specifically the effects on the soft tissues structures
• Explain the grading system for acceleration/deceleration injury
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bony structures, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and fascia of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the sequela of acceleration/deceleration injury
• Define relationships of the cervical spine with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the TMJ and its soft tissue
• Explain the functional anatomy of the TMJ and its soft tissue
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the TMJ and soft tissue
• Demonstrate the active examination of the TMJ and soft tissue
• Describe pathological conditions of the bony structures of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the joints of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the ligaments of the TMJ
• Describe pathological conditions of the muscles of the TMJ
• Describe injuries to the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the TMJ
• Describe injuries from acceleration/deceleration impact to the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the joints of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the ligaments of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the muscles of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for acceleration/deceleration injury to the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Discuss imaging of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the thoracic spine and rib cage
• Discuss relationships of the thoracic spine and ribs with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain biomechanics of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate the passive examination of bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the lumbopelvic spine
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the lumbopelvic spine
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the lumbopelvic spine
• Define relationships of the lumbopelvic spine with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Explain biomechanics of the hip and knee
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee.
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the hip and knee
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the hip and knee
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the hip and knee
• Define relationships of the hip and knee with other regions

• Explain the structural anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Explain the functional anatomy of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Explain biomechanics of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate the passive examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate the active examination of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Discuss radiographic imaging of the ankle and foot
• Discuss advanced testing of the soft tissue of the ankle and foot
• Describe pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for the pathological conditions of the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, bursa, nerves, blood vessels and fascia of the ankle and foot
• Define relationships of the ankle and foot with other regions.

• Discuss the history and epidemiology of spinal cord injury
• Describe the anatomy of the vertebral column, including spinal cord, coverings, nerves, vascular supply, spinal tracts and autonomic nervous system
• Compare and differentiate between different levels and classifications of spinal cord injury
• Explain prognosis for recovery and prediction for outcome following spinal cord injury
• Compare pharmacological and surgical interventions to enhance recovery and regeneration

• Describe and differentiate functional outcomes related to level of SCI
• Become familiar with various adaptive equipment which may be used according to level of injury
• Examine 5 components involved in a bladder management program for both men and women
• Describe methods of communication used by individuals according to level of SCI
• Describe the role of therapist in educating patients with SCI

• Identify 10 patient considerations when learning transfer techniques
• Become familiar with transfer risks and how to avoid them
• Discuss the importance of proper transfer ergonomics
• Identify the significance of wheelchair management to aid transfer techniques
• List and describe 5 different types of transfers

• Discuss the history of FES
• Become familiar with various uses of FES with SCI rehabilitation
• Differentiate the parameters for the use of FES with SCI rehabilitation
• List 5 contraindications for FES
• Examine the physiology of FES
• Identify and define key terminology associated with FES
• Discuss the effects of FES
• Describe how FES can be used with cardiovascular reconditioning
• Discuss the role of FES with standing and gait
• Identify the significance of FES in the restoration of upper limb function

• Become familiar with various exercise considerations for the individual with SCI
• Differentiate work, anaerobic and aerobic capacity
• Describe and analyze how exercise impacts the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in the individual with SCI
• Discuss exercise parameters for the individual with SCI
• Identify metabolic alterations as a result of SCI to lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, body composition and osteopenia
• Discuss barriers to exercise implementation

• Identify key components of a comprehensive seating and wheeled mobility evaluation
• Discuss the considerations involved in selecting a power vs. a manual wheelchair
• Outline the importance of postural considerations involving the pelvis, trunk, upper and lower extremities and head positioning
• Differentiate frame types of manual wheelchairs
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wheel types and tire options
• Become familiar with various components of power wheelchairs
• Become familiar with different forces on tissue
• Outline the process of selecting an appropriate wheelchair cushion

• Define the anatomical terminology used in splint prescriptions
• Relate anatomy of the upper extremity to splint design
• Identify arches of the hand
• Identify creases of the hand
• Articulate the importance of the hand's arches and creases to splinting
• Recall actions and nerve innervations of upper extremity musculature
• Differentiate prehensile and grasp patterns of the hand
• Apply basic biomechanical principles to splint design
• Describe the correct width and length for a forearm splint
• Describe uses of padding in a splint
• Explain the reason splint edges should be rolled or flared
• Relate contour to splint fabrication
• Describe the change in skin and soft tissue mechanics with scar tissue, material application, edema, contractures, wounds, and infection

• List components of a clinical examination for splinting
• Describe components of a history, an observation, and palpation
• Describe the resting hand posture
• Relate how skin, vein, bone, joint, muscle, tendon, and nerve assessments are relevant to splinting
• Identify specific assessments that can be used in a clinical examination before splinting
• Explain the three phases of wound healing
• Recognize the identifying signs of abnormal illness behavior
• Explain how a therapist can assess a person's knowledge of splint precautions and wear and care instructions

• Describe clinical reasoning approaches and how they apply to splinting
• Identify essential components of a splint referral
• Discuss reasons for the importance of communication with the physician about a splint referral
• Discuss diagnostic implications for splint provision
• List helpful hints regarding the hand evaluation
• Explain factors the therapist considers when selecting a splinting approach and design
• Describe what therapists problem solve during splint fabrication
• Describe areas that require monitoring after splint fabrication is completed
• Describe the reflection process of the therapist before, during, and after splint fabrication
• Discuss important considerations concerning a splint-wearing schedule
• Identify conditions that determine splint discontinuation
• Identify patient safety issues to consider when splinting errors occur
• Discuss factors about splint cost and reimbursement
• Discuss how Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations influence splint provision in a clinic
• Discuss documentation with splint fabrication

• Discuss diagnostic indications for wrist immobilization splints
• Identify reasons to serial splint with a wrist immobilization splint
• Identify major features of wrist immobilization splints
• Outline 5 steps involved in the fabrication process for a volar or dorsal wrist splint
• Relate hints for a proper fit to a wrist immobilization splint
• Review precautions for wrist immobilization splinting
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a problematic wrist immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated wrist immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about the application of wrist immobilization splints to a case study
• Describe the importance of evidenced-based practice with wrist splint provision
• Describe the appropriate use of prefabricated wrist splints

• Discuss important functional and anatomic considerations for splinting the thumb
• List appropriate thumb and wrist positions in a thumb immobilization splint
• Identify the three components of a thumb immobilization splint
• Describe the reasons for supporting the joints of the thumb
• Discuss the diagnostic indications for a thumb immobilization splint
• Discuss the process of pattern making and splint fabrication for a thumb immobilization splint
• Describe elements of a proper fit of a thumb immobilization splint
• List general and specific precautions for a thumb immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate fit problems of a thumb immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated thumb immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about thumb immobilization splinting to a case study
• Outline 3 steps related to the importance of evidenced-based practice with thumb immobilization splint provision
• Describe the appropriate use of prefabricated thumb splints

• List diagnoses that benefit from resting hand splints
• Describe the functional or mid-joint position of the wrist, thumb, and digits
• Describe the antideformity or intrinsic-plus position of the wrist, thumb, and digits
• List the purposes of a resting hand splint
• Identify the components of a resting hand splint
• Explain the precautions to consider when fabricating a resting hand splint
• Determine a resting hand splint-wearing schedule for different diagnostic indications
• Describe splint-cleaning techniques that address infection control
• Apply knowledge about the application of the resting hand splint to a case study
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a fabricated resting hand splint

• Define anatomic and biomechanical considerations for splinting the elbow
• Discuss clinical/diagnostic indications for elbow immobilization splints
• Identify the components of elbow immobilization splints
• Describe the fabrication process for an anterior and posterior elbow splint
• Review precautions for elbow immobilization splinting
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a problematic elbow immobilization splint
• Use clinical reasoning to evaluate a fabricated elbow immobilization splint
• Apply knowledge about the application of elbow immobilization splints to a case study

• Analyze and describe the biomechanics of dynamic splinting
• Identify effects of force on soft tissue
• Understand the way to apply appropriate tension
• Identify common uses of dynamic splinting
• List the goals of dynamic splinting
• List the materials necessary for fabrication of a dynamic splint
• Explain the risks of applying dynamic force
• Identify contraindications for application of a dynamic splint
• Describe the fabrication steps of three dynamic splints
• Identify instances in which dynamic splinting is appropriate
• Explain sources of force in dynamic splinting

• Explain the functional and anatomic considerations for splinting the fingers
• Identify diagnostic indications for splinting the fingers
• Describe a mallet finger
• Describe a boutonniere deformity
• Describe a swan-neck deformity
• Name three structures that provide support to the stability of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
• Explain what buddy straps are
• Apply clinical reasoning to evaluate finger splints in terms of materials used, strapping type and placement, and fit
• Discuss the process of making a mallet splint, a gutter splint, and a PIP hyperextension block splint

• Identify the components of a peripheral nerve
• Describe a peripheral nerve’s response to injury and repair
• List the operative procedures used for nerve repair
• List the three purposes for splinting nerve palsies
• Describe the nerve injury classification
• Identify the locations for low and high peripheral nerve lesions.
• Explain causes of radial, ulnar, and median nerve lesions
• Review the sensory and motor distributions of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves
• Explain the functional effects of radial, ulnar, and median nerve lesions
• Identify the splinting approaches and rationale for radial, ulnar, and median nerve injuries
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a problematic splint for a nerve lesion
• Use clinical judgment to evaluate a fabricated hand-based ulnar nerve splint

• Identify and describe the two historic trends in upper extremity tone-reduction splinting
• Compare the strengths and weaknesses of dorsal and volar forearm platforms
• Discuss the neurophysiologic rationale supporting the use of the finger spreader and hard cone
• Discriminate between the passive and dynamic components of spasticity
• Describe the difference between submaximum and maximum ranges as they relate to tone-reduction splints
• Identify and describe the two major components of orthokinetic splints
• Describe one unique characteristic for each of the following materials: plaster bandage, fiberglass bandage, inflatable splints, cylindrical foam, neoprene
• Successfully fabricate and clinically evaluate the proper fit of a thermoplastic hard cone
• Use clinical judgment to correctly analyze two case studies

• Describe special considerations for splinting older adults in different treatment settings
• Identify age-related changes and medical conditions that may affect splint provision
• Explain how medication side effects may affect splint design and care instructions for older adults
• Recognize how an older adult’s occupational performance may influence splint use and design based various factors
• Be familiar with a variety of prefabricated splint options and materials available to custom design splints
• Describe factors that influence methods of instruction for an older adult and caregiver