Massachusetts Veterinary Tech Continuing Education

• Identify bacterial antimicrobial resistance mechanisms for resisting antimicrobial agents
• Discuss the molecular basis for bacterial antimicrobial resistance
• Explain laboratory methods for detecting and measuring antimicrobial resistance

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine 210 through Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine 213

Parts 1-3

• Demonstrate understanding of how preconditioning and other preventive management procedures can reduce the frequency of antibiotic treatments for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD).
• Describe the components of a good preconditioning program and how BRD can be prevented in the feedlot.
• Describe how preventing BRD tends to cost less than clinical treatments with antibiotics.

• Describe medicated milk replacer and how it is regulated under the Veterinary Feed Directive.
• Identify antibiotics that historically were most commonly added to medicated milk replacer.
• List the disadvantages associated with using medicated milk replacer.
• Describe proper management and preventive medicine that are critical to long-term calf health.
• Describe a good colostrum management program for dairy calves.

• Describe the management practices that can prevent scours in calves, such as high quality colostrum management, sanitation and proper isolation procedures.
• Explain the proper role of antimicrobial agents in treating calves with scours.

• Discuss the general guidelines for the judicious use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis.
• Describe the factors to consider in the selection of an antimicrobial drug for mastitis treatment.
• Outline the preventive measures that may be taken on a dairy farm with regards to mastitis.
• Discuss proper indications for the use of antimicrobials for contagious mastitis in dairy cattle.
• Demonstrate understanding of the need to follow proper treatment protocols when using an antibiotic to treat individual cows for contagious udder pathogens.
• Explain how somatic cell counts and culture results are used to formulate a herd antibiotic treatment plan for contagious udder pathogens.
• Describe how antimicrobial treatment of contagious udder pathogens can be greatly reduced in herds by using effective mastitis prevention and control programs.
• Recognize the futility of using antibiotics to treat cases of contagious mastitis if the cow is to be returned to a herd where she will quickly become reinfected.

• Identify the frequency of antimicrobial use in small animal practice
• Summarize the classes and types of antimicrobials commonly used in small animal practice

• Describe the association between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance
• Demonstrate understanding of the use of bacterial culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing as an important diagnostic tool to support antimicrobial therapy

• Identify how antibiotics are frequently used in the pocket pet industry and how the use of antibiotics in pocket pets may select for antimicrobial resistance
• Discuss how animal and human health may both be impacted by antimicrobial resistance
• Describe how veterinarians in agriculture departments work with veterinarians and other health professionals in local, state, and federal health departments to investigate and control zoonotic disease
• Summarize how the use of antibiotics may select for the dissemination of gene cassettes conveying resistance to multiple antibiotics

• Discuss how antibiotics are frequently used in treatment of canine pyoderma
• List the factors to be considered when choosing antibiotic therapy
• Identify the underlying causes of canine pyoderma and possible diagnostic and treatment options
• Describe the importance of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, and effective communication with the client
• Demonstrate understanding of how animal and human health can both be affected by antibiotic resistance

• Discuss the use antibiotics to treat feline lower urinary tract disease
• List factors that need to be considered when using antibiotic therapy in cases of feline lower urinary tract disease
• Identify the importance of bacterial culture results in the selection of an antibiotic

• Be aware of the guidelines for feline upper respiratory infections set by the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID)
• Name the underlying causes of feline upper respiratory infections
• Determine the appropriate diagnostic tests and interpretations for cases of feline upper respiratory infection
• Explain when the use of antibiotics is appropriate for cases of feline upper respiratory infections and which 2 antibiotics would be appropriate to use empirically
• Identify 3 alternative treatment options for antibiotics in cases of feline upper respiratory infection and describe when these treatment options are appropriate

• Outline how antibiotics were discovered and what drives the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs.
• Define and differentiate the following related terms: antibiotic, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiparasitic, and antifungal.
• Describe the different mechanisms of action for antimicrobial drugs, and associate these mechanisms with the common classes of antimicrobial drugs.
• Explain pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors that affect dose and duration of treatment needed to provide effective therapy for bacterial infections.
• Describe some important considerations in prescribing antimicrobial drugs to successfully treat infections in animals without promoting microbial drug resistance.

• Discuss the epidemiology of 53 conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 53 conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 53 conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 53 conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 53 conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Abortions to Burns) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 51 conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 51 conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 51 conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 51 conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 51 conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Candidiasis to Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 42 conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 42 conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 42 conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 42 conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 42 conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Early Embryonic Loss to Fumonisin Toxicosis) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 49 conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 49 conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 49 conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 49 conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 49 conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Gasterophilus to Hypoxemia) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 64 conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 64 conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 64 conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 64 conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 64 conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Ileus to Myonecrosis) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 87 conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 87 conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 87 conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 87 conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 87 conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Nasal Polyps to Pythiosis) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 61 conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 61 conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 61 conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 61 conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 61 conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Rabies to Spinal Injury) affecting their horse

• Discuss the epidemiology of 63 conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting the horse
• Recognize the clinical presentation of 63 conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting the horse
• Differentially diagnose 63 conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting the horse
• Apply therapeutic goals and treatments of 63 conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting the horse
• Discuss prognosis and outcomes of 63 conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting the horse
• Educate clients about conditions (Splenic Abscess to Zygomycosis) affecting their horse

• Associate the traditional Chinese medicine metaphors to the corresponding Western physiology and anatomy concepts
• Compare and contrast the concepts of Qi, Yin, Yang, Zang and Fu
• Recognize the relationship between Zang and Fu organs and their association with the Cooking Pot Analogy
• Relate how a deficiency of a particular source of Qi may produces multiple manifestations and health effects
• Describe the concept of pulse diagnosis
• Summarize the similarities and differences in taking the History of Present Illness
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of behavioral disorders
• Identify the correspondence of modern Western therapeutic herbal supplements to traditional Chinese medicine remedies.
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm, the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of behavioral and emotional disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approachs to dermatological disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency

• Identify the correspondence of modern Western nutritional approaches and therapeutic herbal supplements to traditional Chinese medicine remedies
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Digestive Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm, the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Digestive Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Digestive Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Ear Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm, the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Ear Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Ear Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Endocrine, Hematological and Immunological Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm, the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Endocrine, Hematological and Immunological Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Endocrine, Hematological and Immunological Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency

• Identify the correspondence of modern Western nutritional approaches and therapeutic herbal supplements to traditional Chinese medicine remedies
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Infectious Diseases
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Infectious Diseases
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Infectious Disease based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Liver and Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Liver and Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Liver and Musculoskeletal Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Neoplastic Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Neoplastic Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Neoplastic Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency

• Identify the correspondence of modern Western nutritional approaches and therapeutic herbal supplements to traditional Chinese medicine remedies
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Neurological and Ophthalmologic Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Neurological and Ophthalmologic Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Neurological and Ophthalmologic Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Liver and Respiratory Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Liver and Respiratory Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Liver and Respiratory Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency
• Compare the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm to the modern Western medicine theories in the etiology of Reproductive and Urological Disorders
• Recognize in the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm and the similarity of etiology for a wide variety of Reproductive and Urological Disorders
• Differentiate the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic approaches to Reproductive and Urological Disorders based on the theory of excess or deficiency

• Assess the history of traditional acupuncture and its application to veterinary medicine
• Describe the anatomy of acupoints
• Relate the classification of acupoints to organ systems
• Explain the neurophysiological basis of acupuncture
• Analyze the current research on acupuncture as it relates to veterinary practice
• Outline the Eastern concepts of acupuncture
• Describe the traditional Eastern approached to diagnosis and treatment
• Use the methods of classification by The Five Elements, The Eight Conditions and Zang – fu theory to develop a treatment formula
• Recognize the various techniques of acupuncture and the types of instrumentation employed
• Summarize the principles of Point Selection

• Identify the canine acupuncture points
• Correlate the canine acupuncture points to the associated cutaneous nerve
• Differentiate disease causations in dogs based on Western and traditional Chinese medicine approaches
• Describe the components of the canine examination in traditional Chinese medicine
• Explain the diagnosis and treatment of specific canine musculoskeletal disorders using traditional Chinese medicine
• Outline the use of acupuncture for canine neurological disorders
• Describe the implementation of acupuncture for the treatment of thoracolumbar and cervical disk disease in small mammals
• Explain trigger point treatment in dogs
• Summarize the efficacy of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disorders and heart disease in small animals
• Outline the approaches used in traditional Chinese medicine to critical care situations in dogs

• Compare and contrast the study and treatment of gastrointestinal, reproductive, immunological and dermatological disorders from Western medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine perspectives
• Explain the theory and evidence for the effects of acupuncture on gastrointestinal, reproductive, immunological and dermatological function
• Identify the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal, reproductive, immunological and dermatological disorders according to the patterns of the Eight Principles, vital substances, Zang-fu organs, pathogenic factors, channels and the four level theory on heat-induced disease
• Describe the recommended acupuncture treatment for gastrointestinal, reproductive, immunological and dermatological disorders
• Assess the evidence for the the use of acupuncture in surgical and postoperative analgesia
• Identify the acupuncture points used to induce analgesia in specific anatomical locations
• Explain the technique of gold bead implantation
• Summarize the differences and similarities in applying acupuncture to avian and mammalian patients
• Outline the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal remedies in treating the avian patient
• Describe the theory and principles of auricular therapy in animals

• Explain the similarities and difference in the traditional versus the transpositional approach to equine acupuncture
• Compare and contrast the location and function of the traditional Chinese back Shu points with the transpositioanl Shu points
• Identify the location and function of the traditional Chinese acupuncture points in horses
• Define the traditional Chinese medicine approaches of the Eight Principles, the Zang-fu Organs and the Five Elements
• Identify the location and function of the transpositional acupuncture points in horses
• Contrast the principles of diagnosis from a Western and traditional Chinese medicine perspective
• Outline the components of the traditional Chinese acupuncture examination
• Integrate the various approaches in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese acupuncture in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and chronic back pain in horses
• Describe the etiology and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders of horses within the traditional Chinese medicine paradigm
• Develop traditional Chinese medicine treatment formulas for general conditions in the horse using the Eight Principles
• Explain the theory of Ting point therapy and Thoresen coronary band therapy
• Describe the methods of palpation for and the treatment of Ting points and Thoresen coronary band therapy points
• Diagnose conditions using the Eight Principles based on inspection, hearing and smelling, inquiry and palpation
• Critique the Whole-Horse approach to acupuncture in performance horses
• Explain proper saddle fitting and how improper fitting can result in low back pain
• Describe the application of traditional Chinese medicine to equine sports medicine
• List the muscles of the horse, their associated meridians and their Zang-fu organ relationships
• Outline the basic principles of force, motion and material strength in biological tissues and apply them to the biomechanics of the horse
• Summarize the application of traditional Chinese acupuncture to cattle
• Identify the acupuncture points in the pig