Louisiana Veterinary Continuing Education

• Identify bacterial antimicrobial resistance mechanisms for resisting antimicrobial agents
• Discuss the molecular basis for bacterial antimicrobial resistance
• Explain laboratory methods for detecting and measuring antimicrobial resistance

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine 210 through Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine 213

Parts 1-3

• Demonstrate understanding of how preconditioning and other preventive management procedures can reduce the frequency of antibiotic treatments for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD).
• Describe the components of a good preconditioning program and how BRD can be prevented in the feedlot.
• Describe how preventing BRD tends to cost less than clinical treatments with antibiotics.

• Describe medicated milk replacer and how it is regulated under the Veterinary Feed Directive.
• Identify antibiotics that historically were most commonly added to medicated milk replacer.
• List the disadvantages associated with using medicated milk replacer.
• Describe proper management and preventive medicine that are critical to long-term calf health.
• Describe a good colostrum management program for dairy calves.

• Describe the management practices that can prevent scours in calves, such as high quality colostrum management, sanitation and proper isolation procedures.
• Explain the proper role of antimicrobial agents in treating calves with scours.

• Discuss the general guidelines for the judicious use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis.
• Describe the factors to consider in the selection of an antimicrobial drug for mastitis treatment.
• Outline the preventive measures that may be taken on a dairy farm with regards to mastitis.
• Discuss proper indications for the use of antimicrobials for contagious mastitis in dairy cattle.
• Demonstrate understanding of the need to follow proper treatment protocols when using an antibiotic to treat individual cows for contagious udder pathogens.
• Explain how somatic cell counts and culture results are used to formulate a herd antibiotic treatment plan for contagious udder pathogens.
• Describe how antimicrobial treatment of contagious udder pathogens can be greatly reduced in herds by using effective mastitis prevention and control programs.
• Recognize the futility of using antibiotics to treat cases of contagious mastitis if the cow is to be returned to a herd where she will quickly become reinfected.

• Identify the frequency of antimicrobial use in small animal practice
• Summarize the classes and types of antimicrobials commonly used in small animal practice

• Describe the association between antimicrobial use and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance
• Demonstrate understanding of the use of bacterial culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing as an important diagnostic tool to support antimicrobial therapy

• Identify how antibiotics are frequently used in the pocket pet industry and how the use of antibiotics in pocket pets may select for antimicrobial resistance
• Discuss how animal and human health may both be impacted by antimicrobial resistance
• Describe how veterinarians in agriculture departments work with veterinarians and other health professionals in local, state, and federal health departments to investigate and control zoonotic disease
• Summarize how the use of antibiotics may select for the dissemination of gene cassettes conveying resistance to multiple antibiotics

• Discuss how antibiotics are frequently used in treatment of canine pyoderma
• List the factors to be considered when choosing antibiotic therapy
• Identify the underlying causes of canine pyoderma and possible diagnostic and treatment options
• Describe the importance of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, and effective communication with the client
• Demonstrate understanding of how animal and human health can both be affected by antibiotic resistance

• Discuss the use antibiotics to treat feline lower urinary tract disease
• List factors that need to be considered when using antibiotic therapy in cases of feline lower urinary tract disease
• Identify the importance of bacterial culture results in the selection of an antibiotic

• Be aware of the guidelines for feline upper respiratory infections set by the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID)
• Name the underlying causes of feline upper respiratory infections
• Determine the appropriate diagnostic tests and interpretations for cases of feline upper respiratory infection
• Explain when the use of antibiotics is appropriate for cases of feline upper respiratory infections and which 2 antibiotics would be appropriate to use empirically
• Identify 3 alternative treatment options for antibiotics in cases of feline upper respiratory infection and describe when these treatment options are appropriate

• Outline how antibiotics were discovered and what drives the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs.
• Define and differentiate the following related terms: antibiotic, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiparasitic, and antifungal.
• Describe the different mechanisms of action for antimicrobial drugs, and associate these mechanisms with the common classes of antimicrobial drugs.
• Explain pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors that affect dose and duration of treatment needed to provide effective therapy for bacterial infections.
• Describe some important considerations in prescribing antimicrobial drugs to successfully treat infections in animals without promoting microbial drug resistance.

• Demonstrate a working knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.
• Explain to clients how cardiovascular disease affects the patient.
• Explain diagnostic and treatment plans to clients.
• Answer clients’ questions concerning the medications needed by the patient.
• Explain the basic anatomic arrangement of the mammalian digestive system.
• Relate changes in the digestive system to the development of disease symptoms.
• Explain to owners why their pet is ill and how the problem is best treated.
• Explain the interrelationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
• Understand the clinical pathologic changes that occur with each endocrine disease.
• Describe how the absence of a specific hormone can have clinical effects on the animal.
• Explain to owners the treatment regime necessary for their pets.
• Explain the structures of the eye and the purpose of each.
• Describe how changes from normal result in clinical disease.
• Discuss and demonstrate the proper treatments for common eye problems in small animals.
• Describe the cellular components of blood.
• Relate changes in blood components to common blood diseases seen in dogs and cats.
• Discuss with owners treatment options for specific blood dyscrasias seen in dogs and cats.
• Describe the arrangement and importance of the skin as an organ.
• List common ectoparasites that produce skin disease in companion animals.
• Demonstrate the ability to explain parasite control for the most common ectoparasites.
• Relate diagnosis and treatment of skin lumps and bumps, for example,tumors,abscesses, and cysts.

• Demonstrate a working knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.
• Explain to clients how cardiovascular disease affects the patient.
• Explain diagnostic and treatment plans to clients.
• Answer clients’ questions concerning the medications needed by the patient.
• Explain the basic anatomic arrangement of the mammalian digestive system.
• Relate changes in the digestive system to the development of disease symptoms.
• Explain to owners why their pet is ill and how the problem is best treated.
• Explain the interrelationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
• Understand the clinical pathologic changes that occur with each endocrine disease.
• Describe how the absence of a specific hormone can have clinical effects on the animal.
• Explain to owners the treatment regime necessary for their pets.
• Explain the structures of the eye and the purpose of each.
• Describe how changes from normal result in clinical disease.
• Discuss and demonstrate the proper treatments for common eye problems in small animals.
• Describe the cellular components of blood.
• Relate changes in blood components to common blood diseases seen in dogs and cats.
• Discuss with owners treatment options for specific blood dyscrasias seen in dogs and cats.
• Describe the arrangement and importance of the skin as an organ.
• List common ectoparasites that produce skin disease in companion animals.
• Demonstrate the ability to explain parasite control for the most common ectoparasites.
• Relate diagnosis and treatment of skin lumps and bumps, for example,tumors,abscesses, and cysts.
• Describe how muscles and bones act together to result in purposeful movement.
• List various musculoskeletal problems with respect to bone, muscle, joint, or combinations of each as the cause.
• Discuss various musculoskeletal problems, treatments, therapy with clients.
• Know what diagnostic tests are needed for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases.
• Describe the arrangement of the nervous system.
• Relate the dysfunctions of various portions of the nervous system to diseases seen in companion animals.
• Discuss symptoms and treatments of neuronal disease with clients.
• Relate the specific cause of disease with the pansystemic clinical signs seen in dogs and cats.
• Initiate the proper safety methods to prevent spread of these transmissible or infectious dis-eases within the clinic.
• Discuss with clients the necessity of an effective vaccination program.
• Explain how environment and husbandry conditions affect the health of the young or immunosuppressed older pet.
• Explain to clients the health reasons for ovariohysterectomy or castration of their pets.
• Recognize the problem areas in the reproductive system of the male and female and relate them to the clinical symptoms.
• Advise clients on pregnancy-related problems.
• Review the anatomy of the respiratory system.
• Recognize the difference between the upper and lower respiratory diseases.
• Discuss with owners the prescribed medications and treatments commonly used for respiratory diseases in the small-animal clinic.
• Recommend vaccination to owners as a way to prevent some of the viral and bacterial respiratory diseases.
• Explain the anatomy of the urinary system and the functions it performs.
• Describe how bacterial and viral infections can occur and how these may lead to the formation of stones.
• Identify the most commonly seen canine bladder stones.
• Explain the benefits of castration as it relates to prostate disease in the male dog.
• Discuss the cause of urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs.

• Describe how muscles and bones act together to result in purposeful movement.
• List various musculoskeletal problems with respect to bone, muscle, joint, or combinations of each as the cause.
• Discuss various musculoskeletal problems, treatments, therapy with clients.
• Know what diagnostic tests are needed for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases.
• Describe the arrangement of the nervous system.
• Relate the dysfunctions of various portions of the nervous system to diseases seen in companion animals.
• Discuss symptoms and treatments of neuronal disease with clients.
• Relate the specific cause of disease with the pansystemic clinical signs seen in dogs and cats.
• Initiate the proper safety methods to prevent spread of these transmissible or infectious dis-eases within the clinic.
• Discuss with clients the necessity of an effective vaccination program.
• Explain how environment and husbandry conditions affect the health of the young or immunosuppressed older pet.
• Explain to clients the health reasons for ovariohysterectomy or castration of their pets.
• Recognize the problem areas in the reproductive system of the male and female and relate them to the clinical symptoms.
• Advise clients on pregnancy-related problems.
• Review the anatomy of the respiratory system.
• Recognize the difference between the upper and lower respiratory diseases.
• Discuss with owners the prescribed medications and treatments commonly used for respiratory diseases in the small-animal clinic.
• Recommend vaccination to owners as a way to prevent some of the viral and bacterial respiratory diseases.
• Explain the anatomy of the urinary system and the functions it performs.
• Describe how bacterial and viral infections can occur and how these may lead to the formation of stones.
• Identify the most commonly seen canine bladder stones.
• Explain the benefits of castration as it relates to prostate disease in the male dog.
• Discuss the cause of urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs.