Arkansas Physical Therapist Continuing Education

• Analyze 3 reasons for the importance of the chart review in the evaluation of the acute and medically complex patient
• List 5 causes and clinical signs of electrolyte abnormality
• Review and describe 5 causes and signs of acid-base imbalances
• Outline the process of completing a systems review of the patient
• Become familiar with signs and symptoms of nutrional deficiency
• Outline signs associated with coronary artery disease and heart failure
• Outline signs associated with sepsis, vertigo, dehydration and metabolic syndrome

• Define 3 factors that influence aerobic capacity in older adults
• Describe the physiology of aerobic capacity and exercise
• List tests and measures to assess aerobic capacity and endurance
• Describe commonly used scales including angina, dyspnea, claudication and perceived exertion scales
• Review and outline 3 methods for evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis of older adults with aerobic impairment
• List and describe 5 interventions used with older adults with aerobic impairment

• Outline changes in muscle structure and function associated with aging
• Outline changes in metabolic function associated with aging
• Become familiar with evidence-supported suggestions for resistance training
• Describe adaptations in muscle power, strength, size and composition with resistance exercise
• Discuss nutritional intake as a countermeasure for sarcopenia

• Define and differentiate common motor control impairments including paresis, abnormal tone, fractionated movement deficits, ataxia, hypokinesia, somatosensory loss, and perceptual deficits
• Outline and explain at least 5 tests to assess motor control impairment
• Become familiar with diagnosis and prognosis of motor control impairments
• Compare and contrast 3 movement system diagnostic categories for motor control impairments
• Discuss current evidence underlying impaired motor control interventions

• Differentiate normal and abnormal postures
• List and define 5 age-related changes that influence spinal alignment
• Explain common spinal conditions such as osteoporosis, spinal osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis
• Outline and describe the role of therapy in managing patients with postural dysfunctions
• Become familiar with evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and developing plan of care with patients with postural dysfunction
• Examine external supports used with patients with postural dysfunction

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Ambulation: Impact of Age-Related Changes on Functional Mobility

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Differentiate normal age-related changes in gait vs those resulting from pathology
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Balance and Falls

• Understand the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline tests and measures for balance and falls
• Understand the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Outline and describe the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine 5 evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline 3 tests and measures for balance and falls
• Describe the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Explain the mechanism of continence
• Outline the pathophysiology of incontinence
• List 3 risk factors for urinary incontinence
• Become familiar with 3 interventions for incontinence including pelvic floor muscle exercises, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, behavioral interventions, weight loss, fluid management, pharmacologic interventions and more
• Describe the physical exam in regards to incontinence
• Become familiar with 5 outcome measures for urinary incontinence

• Become familiar with the prevalence, challenges and costs of pain management in older adults
• Describe the biophysical model of persistent pain
• List age-related changes associated with pain
• Outline methods of examination and evaluation of the patient with pain
• Outline a plan of care and list 5 interventions for patients with pain
• Review case studies that highlight clinical management of pain

• Summarize the importance of wellness for the aging adult
• Identify and describe 3 domains of wellness
• Outline methods of screening for physical activity and wellness programs
• Review baseline measure for physical activity and exercise focused wellness programs
• List the importance of strength training and aerobic training and the enhancement of mobility

• Define and describe the concept of a "good death"
• Outline and describe the physiological process of dying
• Examine 3 progressive changes that occur in the final months or terminal phase
• List 5 physiologic signs of approaching death
• List 5 psychosocial and spiritual signs, symptoms and interventions for the actively dying
• Become familiar with hospice and palliative care
• Review models of physical therapy practice in hospice and palliative care

• Describe the association between footwear and falls and list 5 suboptimal design features which contributes to falls
• List 5 common changes that occur in the foot with age and why ill-fitting shoes are a precursor to falls
• List and describe 5 common risk factors for falls in individuals with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease
• Describe future new directions and novel footwear devices that are being used to provide substitute sensory cues at the feet to help improve balance and gait
• Describe how footwear, insoles, and orthoses are gaining popularity as an integral component of falls prevention strategies

• Discuss the demographics and scope of problem of falls
• Outline and describe 6 key conditions that should be included in a patient assessment when considering fall risk
• List 4 risk factors, including neurologic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, that are associated with gait and balance disorders
• Describe the 8 components that are key factors in the physical examination when evaluating an older adult for risk of falling
• Outline and describe pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for the prevention and management of falls

• Define and differentiate static vs dynamic balance
• Outline and describe the role of balance in ADL’s
• Define and differentiate intrinsic vs. extrinsic risk factors for falls and provide 3 examples of each
• List and describe 3 different evidence-based fall prevention programs recommended for patients, including; AMOB, Tai Ji Juan, Otago
• Describe the role of clinicians in fall prevention strategies

• Describe the evidence for Pilates based exercise to enhance balance for seniors 
• Name the global/local core stabilizers and their function 
• Describe 2 Pilates based seated exercises and their goals 
• Describe 2 Pilates based standing exercises and their goals 
• Name 3 Pilates principles Describe the 3 systems integral to balance

• Breakdown the biomechanical processes of spinal degeneration
• Explain the biochemical processes that occur in the geriatric population in 
• Differentiate between various diagnosis of structural and chemical conditions seen in geriatric patients
• Analyze the radiological findings and how they influence clinical decisions
• Explain Syndrome X and how it affects physiology
• Differentiate trauma and its late effects on the body

• List 3 changes in the vascular structure that occur with age
• Discuss the endothelial function in aging
• Outline 5 effects of aging on the structure of the heart
• Describe the response of the aging heart on exercise
• Describe and analyze myocardial function in the aging heart at rest

• Outline 3 functions of the musculoskeletal system
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in articular cartilage
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in the skeleton including structural and metabolic changes
• List 3 changes that occur with aging in soft tissue
• Examine and list 5 consequences of bone and joint aging

• Describe attention and processing speed as it relates to aging
• Describe age-related changes that occur in short term and long term memory
• Become familiar with 1 method for evaluating executive functions
• List lifestyle factors associated with aging and describe how they may be affected
• Compare and describe how social activities and health factors are effected by cognitive aging

• Describe the clinical manifestations of CAD
• Outline and describe 5 techniques for diagnosis CAD
• List 5 risk factors for CAD
• Outline the protocol for therapy for stable angina
• Become familiar with acute coronary syndromes

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of hypertension
• Describe the pathogenesis associated with hypertension
• List 5 risk factors for hypertension
• Outline 5 complications of hypertension
• Describe the management and treatment of hypertension

• Become familiar with the incidence and epidemiology of COPD in the elderly
• Describe the pathogenesis of COPD
• Become familiar with medications used to treat asthma
• Outline management techniques for the treatment of asthma
• Examine and compare differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD

• Review and define definitions of dementia
• List 3 risk factors for dementia
• Become familiar with other disorders associated with dementia
• Describe clinical features in differential diagnosis of dementia
• Identify 3 key points of dementia

• Describe diagnostic criteria in the presentation of dementia
• Describe aspects of cognition, ADL and behavior affected by dementia
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for dementia
• Outline the management of dementia including pharmacologic and non drug therapies
• Review arguments for and against disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia

• Describe the pathology and mechanisms of Alzheimer's
• Describe the genetics of Alzheimer's
• Outline clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's
• Describe components of a clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's
• Review treatment for Alzheimer's
• List behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders
• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Describe two different criteria used to determine the prevalence of COPD
• List three factors that will contribute to the increased prevalence of COPD
• List and describe three physiologic changes that occur in the lung
• Describe 3 clinical symptoms associated with COPD and describe diagnosis including lung function tests and the use of chest CT scans
• Outline and examine 3 interventions commonly used in the management and treatment of COPD
• Describe the significance and goals of a pulmonary rehabilitation program

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Geriatrics 237 through Geriatrics 240

• List and describe 3 changes in lung structure associated with aging
• List and describe 3 changes in extrapulmonary structure
• Analyze 3 changes in respiratory mechanics that occur with aging and lead to predictable changes in lung function
• Describe changes in gas exchange that occur with aging
• Outline and describe the use of 2 lung function tests used in the elderly
• Describe the synergistic effect of age-related changes in lung structure and function on lung disease

• Outline and describe 5 mechanisms of dyspnea including; sensory receptors, afferent impulses, integration and processing within the central nervous system, psychological factors and neuromodulation
• Analyze 4 unique descriptors of dyspnea in the elderly including prevalence, impact, respiratory sensation and dyspnea during exercise
• Describe a comprehensive approach for assessment of the elderly individual with dyspnea
• List and describe 5 strategies used to relieve dyspnea
• Describe the role of acupuncture as an emerging treatment for dyspnea

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of lung cancer in the elderly and describe 2 risks and age-related disparities in lung cancer
• Define and differentiate local therapy vs. systemic therapy and give an example of each.
• Define and describe the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
• Describe local treatment strategies including; surgical resection, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation
• Describe systemic treatment strategies including; adjuvant chemotherapy, locally advanced disease, advanced disease, small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy and targeted therapies for actionable mutations

• Outline and describe the 4 categories for fall risk factors defined by the World Health Organization, including; biologic, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic
• Identify the 3 questions that should be asked of patients about fall history
• Outline 3 fall prevention interventions or areas of assessment
• Compare and contrast 4 evidence-based, community-based programs: A Matter of Balance, Otega Exercise Program, Stepping On and Tai Chi Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention
• Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention

• List and describe the 3 behavioral problems in people with dementia including apathy, agitation, and rejection of care/aggression
• Describe and differentiate agitation vs. rejection of care/aggression and list 1 key factor in symptom management of each condition
• List and describe 2 nonpharmacologic interventions that can be used in managing behavioral symptoms in people with dementia
• List 10 problematic behaviors that are commonly evaluated using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scale
• List 3 other conditions that include apathy as a feature or characteristic

• Describe the significance of depression and cardiovascular disease in the elderly
• Examine how depression can be diagnosed in elderly patients with CVD
• Describe the pathomechanics underlying depression and CVD 
• List 3 interventions for treating elderly with depression and CVD 
• Differentiate 5 key features between and early-onset and late-onset depression

• Describe the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the elderly population
• Define and differentiate different types of anxiety including social anxiety, panic disorders and specific phobias such as fear of falling
• Discuss anxiety disorder and how it effects special populations
• Compare and contrast late-life anxiety treatments
• Explore and analyze 3 clinical care innovations including primary care, home care, mindfulness-based interventions and electronic delivery options

• Describe 4 neuropsychological changes that occur in depression
• Examine the results seen on neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings in the brains of individuals with depression
• Explore 4 different psychotherapies used in the treatment of depression
• Describe 5 wholistic and other nontraditional approaches used in the treatment of depression
• Describe the use of brain stimulation in the treatment of depression

• Recognize and describe 5 different types of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia 
• Outline 3 causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and give examples of patient, caregiver and environmental factors 
• Describe nonpharmacologic or ecobiopsychosocial treatment options for persons with dementia  
• Examine how the DICE approach can help providers integrate prevention, assessment, and management of BPSD 
• Use the DICE approach as it relates to a case study with a person with early onset dementia

• Discuss the increasing prevalence of diabetes in older adults in the United States and elsewhere
• Describe how aging effects glucose metabolism
• Identify pathophysiologic factors in the development of Type 2 diabetes and how they are exaggerated in older adults
• Describe the screening process and recommendations for diabetes
• List the globally accepted criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes

• Discuss the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
• Discuss 2 lifestyle modifications used to achieve glycemic targets for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• List 5 medications used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• State which medication is used as the first-line pharmacotherapy
• Describe the goal-based algorithm recommended by the American Diabetes Association

• Identify and describe 3 risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
• List 3 tests that can be used to identify cognitive dysfunction
• Describe how cognitive function negatively impacts diabetes management
• List 7 self-care behaviors identified by American Association of Diabetes Educators for creating self-management goals 
• Describe 5 interventions that an OT can do for an individual with diabetes

• Describe PTSD Describe the impact that acute trauma has on older adults 
• Outline and describe 5 types of traumatic events 
• List and describe 5 outcomes that are associated with PTSD in the elderly 
• Summarize 2 treatment interventions for elderly with PTSD

Part I: Reducing Frailty to Promote Healthy Aging

• Identify the 3 components of frailty 
• List 5 criteria and describe the progression of frailty 
• Describe the pathophysiology of frailty along with 3 complications of frailty 
• Identify 3 screening tools for frailty 
• List and describe 5 tips for reducing frailty

Part II: Heathy Aging Across the Stages of Old Age

• Become familiar and describe definitions of healthy aging
• Describe key components of 3 different models of healthy aging including: the biomedical, psychosocial, multidimensional 
• List and describe 5 healthy goals of healthy aging across the stages of old age
• Discuss what will be needed moving forward in order to promote and support healthy aging across the lifespan
• List 5 specific areas being used for future discussion of healthy aging as described by the National Prevention Council on Healthy Aging Strategies

• Outline and describe 5 changes to the musculoskeletal system that occur with age 
• List and describe 8 benefits of exercises for healthy aging 
• Discuss the benefits of different types of exercise for various older adult-specific conditions 
• Describe 5 evidence and community-based exercise programs for community-dwelling older adults 
• Describe 5 evidenced-based exercise programs that are either home-based or designed for more frail older adults

• Become familiar with imaging techniques of the DRUJ
• Describe radiography for the DRUJ
• Describe scintigraphy for the DRUJ
• Compare and contrast CT scan and MRI of the DRUJ
• Outline procedures for postoperative imaging of the DRUJ

• Become familiar with arthroscopic and open repair techniques of the TFCC
• Describe the diagnosis of a TFCC injury
• Outline the classification of a TFCC injury
• Outline and describe examination techniques for a TFCC injury
• List treatment techniques for a TFCC injury
• Become familiar with the technique for arthroscopic debridement
• Outline the technique of an arthroscopic TFCC repair
• Outline the technique of an open TFCC repair

• Become familiar with ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the biomechanics of the ulnar side of the wrist
• Describe the examination and diagnosis of ulnar impaction syndrome
• Outline treatment techniques for ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the procedure for an ulnar-shortening osteotomy
• Outline the Wafer procedure for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome

• Describe the historical perspective on the etiology of RA
• Recite evidence of RA in literature and art
• Describe paleopathological evidence of RA
• Become familiar with contemporary research of RA
• Outline current hypotheses of RA

• Become familiar with advances in the medical treatment of RA
• Describe  articular and systemic effects of RA
• List 3 cardiovascular, bone and airway manifestations of RA
• Outline pharmaceutical options for the treatment of RA
• List 5 complications of medical treatment of RA
• Describe perioperative management of RA

• Outline controversies in the surgical treatment of RA
• Define the principles of surgical intervention of RA
• List 3 essential concepts in the surgical treatment of RA
• Describe 3 situations that are an indication for immediate surgery in the treatment of RA
• Become familiar with orthopedic procedures in the treatment of RA
• Describe the efficacy and indication of surgical treatment for RA including synovectomies, tenosynovectomies, wrist procedures, arthroplasties and procedures on IP joints

• Review normal elbow anatomy
• Describe pathophysiology of the rheumatoid elbow
• Discuss the clinical presentation of the rheumatoid elbow
• Outline management techniques including intraarticular injection, synovectomy, radial head excision
• Describe the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of the rheumatiod elbow
• Describe total arthroplasty in the treatment of the rheumatoid elbow
• Review 5 case studies highlighting the management of the rheumatoid elbow

• Describe normal anatomy of the thumb
• Outline classification and pathophysiology of the rheumatoid thumb
• Describe surgical management of boutonniere and swan neck deformity of the rheumatoid thumb
• List 3 technical tips for MCP arthroplasty  and IP joint arthordesis
• Review postoperative management of the rheumatoid thumb
• Become familiar with expected outcomes and prognosis

• Discuss the components included in an evaluation of the patient with DRF
• Outline and discuss the 3 phases of rehabilitation for DRF
• Differentiate treatment guidelines according to fracture management technique
• List and define 5 complications associated with DRF
• Discuss the importance of future research and exploration of DRF

• Become familiar with fractures at the distal humerus
• Become familiar with fractures of the olecranon process, capitellum, trochlea and radial head
• Outline and describe nonoperative and surgical treatment options
• Discuss complications of treatment
• Define and differentiate Type I, II and III fractures
• Compare and contrast dislocations of the elbow including exam, classification and treatment

• Describe and examine the histopathology of tendinopathies
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis
• Describe the presenting features of tennis elbow
• Outline components of a clinical exam for tennis elbow
• Outline and describe the phases of rehab for tennis elbow

• Outline and describe components of a comprehensive hand evaluation
• Describe techniques for testing intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand
• Describe manual muscle testing grades for muscles of the hand
• Perform tests to evaluate for intrinsic tightness and tightness of the oblique retinacular ligament
• Review testing procedures for grip and pinch strengths
• Describe nerve supply to the hand including motor and sensory function
• Review vascularity of the hand and describe the Allen's test

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the wrist
• Describe the relevance for the use of injection in diagnosing wrist pathologies
• Name the 5 zones of the wrist and list important structures within each zone
• Become familiar with conditions that may effect each of the 5 zones of the wrist
• Outline steps involved in performing the grind test
• Describe  various tests for assessing scaphoid instability
• Describe tests for assessing the TFCC and ulnar sided instability

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the elbow
• Outline components involved in the physical exam of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the medial side of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the lateral side of the elbow
• Describe tests for assessing conditions that effect the elbow

• Become familiar with techniques used for diagnostic imaging of the upper extremity
• Describe and differentiate imaging techniques used to evaluate the UE
• Describe the technique of various imaging methods such as bone scintigraphy, tomography, arteriography, MRI and more
• List 3 complications that may result from the use of arteriography
• Describe the indications for the use of each imaging technique
• Outline and describe clinical applications and the use of each diagnostic imaging technique

• Become familiar witih postoperative rehab techniques following surgery for Dupuytren's
• Describe care of the patient with Dupuytren's disease during the first 2 weeks following surgery
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during the 2nd and 3rd week
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during week 4-6
• List and describe complications that may occur with surgery for Dupuytren's
• Outline grading systems used to evaluate flare-up following surgery

• List 4 indications for the surgical intervention of Dupuytren's disease
• Describe the presenting symptoms of Dupuytren's disease
• Outline the pathoanatomy and the structures involved in Dupuytren's disease
• List 4 types of surgery commonly used for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease
• Review various studiesand results involving the use of collagenase
• List and describe complications commonly seen in Dupuytren's disease
• Become familiar with post operative management of hand therapy following Dupuytrens surgery

• Describe the history, physical exam and radiographic assessement performed for each patient with a fracture
• List 5 goals of fracture management
• Outline, describe and differentiate fracture classification systems
• Evaluate and describe various choices for fracture fixation including the use of external fixators, Kirschner wires, screws and plates
• Briefly describe the occurances of what happens during each stage of fracture healing
• List and describe complications following surgery for fracture management

• Become familiar with the management of hand and wrist tendinopathies
• Describe the pathology involved in stenosing tendovaginitis
• List and describe 3 principles and interventions for managing tendinopathies
• Outline the anatomy and pathomechanics involved in trigger finger
• Describe the pathology, diagnosis and management of de Quervain's
• Describe the anatomy and management of intersection syndrome
• Become familiar with tenosynovitis associated with systemic disorders and infections

• Become familiar with the evaluation of tissue specific impairments as a result of Dupuytren's disease
• List and describe 2 advances in surgical management of Dupuytren's disease
• List criteria for needle aponeurotomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease  
• List 5 short-term side effects from the Xiaflex injection in the treatment of Dupuytren's
• Become familiar with advanced in hand therapy management of Dupuytren's

• Review treatment methods for CMC arthritis
• Review the procedure of LRTI arthroplasty
• Discuss hand therapy rehab protocol following LRTI procedure
• Become familiar with technological advances and surgical devices being used to treat CMC arthritis
• List 5 considerations for new technology for thumb CMC arthritis
• Become familiar with the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• Read a case study related to the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• List 2 risks for the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure

• Become familiar with the neurotoxin Botulinum A
• Undertstand its current uses as an adjunct form of treatment in hand conditions
• Review its role in the treatment of stroke and spasticity, focal dystonia, vasospastic disorders, Raynaud's and other conditions
• Discuss its role in the use of pain syndromes
• Outline the complications and risk of botox

• List 3 indications, principles and considerations for nerve transfers
• Become familiar with nerve transfers for restoring function to the upper extremity
• Review transfer techniques for isolated radial, median and ulnar nerve injuries

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 1 - 2

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 3

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Discuss the history DD and how this condition got its name
• List 5 common risk factors for developing DD
• Describe the epidemiology of DD
• Describe 2 common signs and symptoms of DD including which digits are most commonly involved and which digits are generally spared
• Examine and describe the normal anatomy and the significance of the palmar aponeurosis
• Describe the pathogenesis of DD including defining and differentiating between the 3 stage of the disease: proliferative, involutional, residual
• Outline common steps involved in making a diagnosis of DD
• List and describe 3 conservative treatment interventions including the advantages of each
• Describe the role of hand therapy in the treatment of DD
• List 5 possible complications following surgery

• Identify 3 key components to a through wrist examination
• List the 3 dorsal zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• List the 2 volar zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• Name the 6 extensor compartments of the wrist and list the tendons located within each compartment
• Describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect the extensor tendons
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each dorsal zone of the wrist
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each volar zone of the wrist
• Describe 1 test used to assess scaphoid instability
• Explain the significance of the Allen’s test
• List and describe 2 tests used to identify Median Nerve compression

• Identify and describe 5 examination components used for evaluating a pt after DRF
• List and describe 4 factors that can influence the progression of therapy with a pt after DFR
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of therapy (early, motion/mobilization, function/strength phase)
• Describe 3 interventions to increase motion of the joints, tendons and intrinsic muscles of a pt after DRF
• Outline and describe the function and strength phase of rehabilitation
• List 2 key points for a HEP Identify and describe 3 common complications after DRF

• Describe the bony anatomy of the carpus and identify the 8 individual bones of the wrist
• Locate and identify the joints that make up the wrist including the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
• List and identify 5 ligaments that play a role in stabilizing the carpus
• Discuss the vascular anatomy of the carpus and list 2 sources of blood supply
• Examine and explain the kinematics of the wrist and describe the significance of individual movement of the carpal bones
• Discuss the kinetics of the carpus and explain how force is transmitted through the distal radius and ulna

• Discuss the principles of surgical treatment of scaphoid nonunion
• Describe the rationale of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe how arthroscopic bone grafting promotes scaphoid union
• List 2 contraindications for the use of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe 2 different surgical techniques for the use of scaphoid fractures

• Outline and describe 2 risk factors that predispose patients to the development of complications during the treatment of hand infections 
• State and describe where infection can affect the hand
• Explain how immunosuppressive medications can affect hand infections
• Discuss how delayed presentation effects hand infections 
• Describe complications such as osteomyelitis, stiffness, and soft tissue defects

• Examine the diagnosis of HIV and explain how it compromises the immune system
• Describe the diagnoses of herpetic whitlow, human papillomavirus (HPV) and fungal infections
• Examine the condition of diabetes including diagnosis, presentation, treatment and discuss why people with diabetes are at an increased risk for hand infections
• Describe necrotizing fasciitis and it’s treatment
• Examine the diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and transplant patients and describe why these people are at increased risk for hand infection

• Describe biomechanical factors that influence the stability of the forearm
• Examine the structure and function of the forearm 
• Describe injuries of the PRUJ Describe injuries of the DRUJ 
• Describe injuries of the Central Band 
• Describe injuries associated with attrition of the central band

• Outline and describe the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and list primary and secondary stabilizers of the joint 
• Differentiate simple vs complex DRUJ dislocations 
• Explore TFCC injuries and describe Palmer’s classification of injuries 
• Examine clinical and radiographic methods for diagnosing DRUJ instability 
• Describe Galeazzi and Essex-Lopresti and how they effect the stability of the DRUJ

• Describe the anatomic components and primary stabilizers of the elbow
• Describe the mechanism of injury for elbow dislocations
• List and describe 3 treatment considerations for elbow dislocations in the acute setting
• Examine and describe “Terrible Triad” injuries and discuss how they occur
• Outline 3 mechanisms that contribute to chronic instability of the elbow due to ligamentous inefficiency

• Outline and describe the three main patterns of elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Describe 3 important components of a work-up for elbow-fracture dislocations seen in the emergency room 
• Outline and describe 5 fixation techniques for elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Recite 3 main principles related to aftercare and rehabilitation 
• Examine various complications that occur following elbow-fracture dislocations

Part I - Ulnar Collateral Ligament Evaluation and Diagnostics

• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Median nerve 
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Ulnar nerve
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Radial nerve 
• List five most common sites for compression of the ulnar nerve around the elbow 
• Outline and describe 3 conditions that effect each nerve: median, ulnar and radial
• Identify common sites of compression of the median and radial nerves

• Describe normal anatomy and function of the distal radioulnar joint (DRJ) 
• Outline and describe pathology of the (DRJ) 
• Summarize 3 key components of an evaluation of the (DRJ) 
• Examine and describe Triangular Fibrocartilage Tears (TFCC) 
• Outline key treatment interventions for acute distal radius fractures, ulna styloid fractures, and chronic distal radius malunion

• Describe the bones that make up the pelvis
• List 3 ligaments that stabilize the pelvis
• List 3 functions of the pelvis
• Differentiate the boundaries of the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis
• List and describe 3 muscles that have attachments withiin the pelvis
• List and describe 5 muscles that have attachments to the pelvis
• List 5 differences between the male and female pelvis
• List and describe the nerve and blood supply to the pelvis
• Describe 4 motions that occur at the pelvis
• Examine bony and soft tissue anatomy of the pelvis using interactive dissection

• Identify the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the core
• List 4 important functions of the core
• Outline and describe bony structures, joint articulations, nerve and blood supply and significant landmarks within the core
• Describe and demonstrate 4 movements of the core and list the primary muscle that is involved in creating that action
• Define and differentiate core stability vs. core strength
• Define and differentiate proprioception vs. kinesthesia
• List 10 muscles of the core and discuss their origin, insertions, actions and innervations
• Locate and examine 5 deep muscles of the core using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 5 superficial muscles of the core using interactive dissection

• List and describe the 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex
• Describe the significance of the clavicle
• Describe the 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex and demonstrate the movements that occur at each joint
• Describe the supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint and differentiate between primary and secondary stabilizers
• List and describe the muscles that make up the rotator cuff
• Explain the scapulohumeral rhythm Explain the function and anatomy of the brachial plexus
• Locate and examine the bones and articulations of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 10 muscles of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection and describe their origin, insertion, action and innervation
• Locate and examine the parts of the brachial plexus using interactive dissection

• Define and describe Human Trafficking
• Cite national and state statistics on Human Trafficking and discuss where it occurs
• List 3 types of Human Trafficking and differentiate between sex trafficking and labor trafficking
• List and describe 5 indicators for identifying a victim of Human Trafficking
• State how to report a case of Human Trafficking
• List 5 resources that are available to victims of Human Trafficking

Hour 1

• List 3 factors which impact the mechanical properties of fascia
• Recall 3 important functions of fascia
• Cite 3 negative biological effects of fibrosis
• Describe 3 proposed neurophysiological effects of IASTM
• Itemize three biological effects of IASTM

Hour 2

• Cite 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Provide 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Enumerate 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• when using IASTM for musculoskeletal disorders.
• List 2 features of IASTM tools and the effect that these features have on the treatment effect (tissue penetration)
• Summarize 5 IASTM basic stroke techniques
• Apply IASTM techniques for over 30 common upper quarter musculoskeletal conditions

Hour 3

• Outline 3 general purposes for using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilizations (IASTM) for lower quarter musculoskeletal disorders.
• Recall 3 clinical indications for using IASTM to the hip
• State 3 clinical indications for providing IASTM to the lumbar spine
• Present 3 clinical indications for using IASTM for knee-related musculoskeletal disorders
• Itemize 3 clinical conditions of the lower leg and foot for which IASTM would be appropriate

• Define the terminology of decontamination, disinfection and sterilization in a clinical setting.
• Explain the basis of universal precautions and its implementation
• Discuss the latest research and evidence for risk of treatment table contamination in chiropractic and manual therapy offices.
• Learn the recommended evidence based disinfection methods of clinician hands, tables and equipment for manual providers.
• Identify the Spaulding Classification System for disinfection and sterilization of patient care items and equipment.

• Examine and describe key characteristics related to the pathophysiology of Hepatitis C including those related to transmission, acute and chronic phase
• List and examine 3 key steps to diagnosing Hepatitis C
• Compare and contrast 2 ways for staging fibrosis seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe 2 clinical manifestations seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe pharmacologic vs. nonpharmacologic therapies seen in Hepatitis C

• Outline and describe the different branches of government including the legislative, executive, judicial
• Define the term law and give an example of how it relates to you as a healthcare professional
• Identify and describe 4 specific sources of law including constitutional, statutory, administrative and common law
• Explain the difference types of law in the United States – criminal vs. civil
• Explain 3 key laws affecting healthcare professionals
• Demonstrate an understanding of the various levels of the United States court system by describing how the court system works at the state and federal levels

• Describe what is meant by statutory reporting duties required of healthcare professionals
• Explain 2 main reasons for documentation of vital statistics
• Explain the importance of birth or death certificates and describe when a physician or coroner needs to sign one
• Identify 2 communicable and sexually transmitted diseases that must be reported
• Describe child, spousal, elder, and sexual abuse and list 3 possible signs of abuse
• Explain the function of an EAP
• Explain addiction and regulations of controlled substances and the U.S. DEA schedule of drugs

• List and describe 2 major issues and challenges that the healthcare industry is confronting
• Describe 1 major challenge to health information technology
• Identify 3 key factors for the need for healthcare reform
• Outline and describe the single-payer model and list 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages
• Describe the various reasons for the shortage of healthcare professionals
• Describe the role of allied health professionals and describe their role in patient care

• Outline and describe 3 purposes of medical records
• List organization and contents within a medical record
• Describe 3 important reasons for correct documentation in a patient medical record
• Name 3 key guidelines for storage, retention, and maintenance of medical records
• Discuss the importance of confidentiality and consent forms for release of medical records
• List rules for HIPAA privacy and security for medical records
• Describe the different types of safeguards for medical records

• List at least two professional qualities necessary for employment in the healthcare field
• Explain workplace standards and expectations
• Outline OSHA regulations for workplace safety
• Describe workplace violence and the employer’s responsibilities
• Describe qui tam and its role in healthcare
• Define and describe types of workplace discrimination
• Explain sexual harassment and describe appropriate employer responses to sexual harassment in the workplace

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder complex
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon
• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability Understand muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the forearm

• Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Identify bones and osteologic features of the hand
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the hand
• Describe the kinematics of the hand
• Define and differentiate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the hand
• Outline sensory innervations of the hand
• List joint deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis

• Describe the functional anatomy of the hip joint
• Describe the arthro and osteokinematics of the hip
• Describe the innervation and muscular function at the hip
• Analyze and list the characteristics of osteoarthritis of the hip
• Describe 3 therapeutic interventions for a painful and unstable hip joint

• Describe osteologic features of the distal femur, proximal tibia fibula and patella
• Describe the individual anatomy of the knee and list 3 key alignment considerations
• Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics at the tibiofemoral joint
• Describe the patellofemoral joint kinematics and muscular function of the knee
• List 3 factors that effect the tracking of the patella across the patellofemoral joint

• Define terms associated with joints and movements of the foot and ankle
• Describe the structure and function of 3 joints associated with the foot
• Describe the structure and function of 8 joints associated with the ankle
• Describe the motor and sensory innervation of the muscles and joints around the foot and and region
• Analyze the structure and function of the extrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle
• Describe impairment following injury to the fibular or tibial nerve
• Analyze the structure and function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with walking such as gait cycle, stance and swing phases
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, horizontal plane and the upper extremity that occur during walking
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during walking
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during walking
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of walking

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with running such as stride length, food angle, step time, running pace
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane and the upper extemity
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during running
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during running
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of running

• Describe the concept of intersectionality and how it can affect the lives of young black gay and bisexual men
• Identify factors contributing to adverse health outcomes in young black gay and bisexual men
• Summarize special considerations for the care of LGBTQ youth
• Identify strategies that individual providers can use to provide more patient-centered care for LGBTQ youth
• Summarize the current knowledge in scope, clinical presentation, screening and management of eating disorders
• Identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders in sexual minority adolescents

• Define lymphedema 
• Summarize the 4 components of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) 
• Recite 3 indications for CDT 
• Recall 3 contraindications for CDT 
• Explain the course of treatment for lymphedema with CDT

• Become familiar with and describe the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system
• Understand pathophysiology and recite 3 reasons why excess weight is a risk factor for lymphedema
• Describe the role of the lymphatic system in the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease
• Outline and describe the role of management of lymphatic conditions including diagnosis, treatment, decongestive therapy and other methods of surgical and conservative treatment methods
• Explore lipedema including diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment interventions 
• Read clinical case studies to highlight clinical application

• Recite the definition of lipedema and list 5 signs and symptoms
• Describe the pathophysiology and pathology associated with lipedema
• List 5 complications and combinations with other diseases
• Explain the prognosis for patients with lipedema
• Differentiate between the diagnosis of lipedema and and common differential diagnosis
• Become familiar with the role of therapy for patients with lipedema

• Define and differentiate cyclic-idiopathic, idiopathic-orthostatic and idiopathic edema syndromes
• Define and describe edema syndromes independent of the menstrual cycle
• Describe 3 generalized edemas caused by abuse of diuretics and or laxatives
• Become familiar and list the components of rehabilitation with generalized edemas
• Describe the physiological edema that occurs during pregnancy

• Recite the basic principles of Decongestive Kinesiotherapy and Respiratory Therapy
• Describe the functional rehab of pts with lymphedema
• Recall 3 effects of radiation
• Describe the chronic effects of radiation
• Compare and contrast principles of manual lymph drainage
• Describe the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis
• Become familiar with compression therapy with radiation induced plexopathy

• Recall the physiology with venous hemodynamics of the leg
• Recite the pathophysiology of venous hemodynamics in CVI
• Describe post-thrombotic syndrome and understand treatment, pathophysiology and clinical stages
• Become familiar with suprafascial CVI
• Compare and contrast the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CVI
• List 5 methods of prevention for CVI and VLI
• Describe components of complete decongesitive therapy and drug therapy used with CVI and VLI

• Become familiar with soft tissue x-rays
• Compare and contrast cross-section imaging including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound
• Differentiate between the use of direct and indirect lymphography
• Describe radiological diagnostics using radioisotopes including lymphoscintigraphy and isotope lymphography
• Describe the respective value of each of the imaging procedures

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Recall the clinical definition of adhesive capsulitis, based on shoulder range of motion measurements.
• List 5 risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
• Enumerate the 4 pathophysiological stages of adhesive capsulitis.
• List and define the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Provide 2 clinical findings for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• State 3 treatment guidelines for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Summarize the grades of evidence for common physical therapy interventions (i.e. therapeutic exercise, joint mobilizations, modalities and patient education) for adhesive capsulitis

Hour One:

• List three non-musculoskeletal diagnoses that can affect the hip with referred pain.
• Describe two symptoms of axial spondyloarthropathy that may mimic posterior gluteal pain
• Describe sacral insufficiency.
• List three risk factors of statin involved muscle pain.

 Hour Two:

• Describe the key features of soft tissue posterior buttock pain.
• Describe the key features of peripheral nerve related posterior buttock pain.
• List three variable in the proposed CPR for lumbar radiculopathy.
• Describe the referral pattern of thoracolumbar involvement.

 Hour Three:

• List three symptoms of a labral defect of the hip.
• List two variables for the CPR of Osteoarthritis of the hip.
• List four factors documented in the clinical presentation of Gluteal tendinopathy.
• Describe four aspects of the pathomechanics for gluteal tendinopathy

• Recognize pathology associated with common sports injuries
• Outline the mechanism of injury for various hand injuries
• Recognize treatment interventions for upper extremity injuries

• List some of the most common medical errors reported in the US health care system
• List the three major systems that the President of the US in 2000 mentioned in his speech regarding errors in the health care system and discuss ways these tools could help decrease errors in our health care system
• Name a few organizations that collect data from health organizations to help analyze medical errors to help correct on a state level, and a national level
• Discuss the Evidence Based Practice and converse why this is an important concept in preventing medical errors
• Name the industry that is the template for a medical error system that works on each level of the structure, denying individual blame
• List some concepts in quality improvement that AHRQ and other organizations are working on to decrease Medical errors

• Define Medical Error
• Discuss Medical Errors in the Context of Other Types of Error
• Illustrate the Scope of the Medical Error Problem
• List Serious Reportable Medical Events
• Define Key Events in the Field of Patient Safety
• Review the Epidemiology of Medical Error
• Describe the Taxonomy of Medical Error
• Identify commonly misdiagnosed conditions
• Identify populations of special vulnerability
• Review Types of Medical Errors
• Discuss Falls and Teamwork/Communication Errors and how to prevent them

• Summarize the following types of medical errors:
  1. medication errors
  2. handoff errors
  3. diagnostic errors
  4. healthcare acquired infections
  5. device associated infections
• List factors that increase the risk of the above medical errors
• Describe strategies to prevent the above medical errors

• Recommend taking Medical Errors 202a and 202b prior to taking this course
• Summarize surgical errors and identify factors that increase the risk of surgical error as well as strategies to prevent them
• Discuss proper reporting of medical errors
• Enumerate the elements that comprise root cause analysis
• Describe strategies patients, providers, systems can use to reduce the risk of medical errors and improve patient health and safety
• Describe what to do when things go wrong

• Define and distinguish between primary care, secondary care, tertiary care, direct access, medical screening, screening for referral and signed prescription.
• Recall 5 reasons to conduct a medical screening.
• Outline 5 components for effective communication during the patient interview to obtain accurate and comprehensive baseline information.
• Define and explain the relevance of yellow flags, red flags and flag clusters as part of the medical screening process
• Define and describe the five components of the patient-centered interview and state the impact this has on patient satisfaction and outcome
• Define and provide the clinical relevance of sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, and likelihood ratios as they pertain to the value of diagnostic/clinical tests

Hour 1

• Recall 3 general symptoms signs/symptoms of inflammatory joint conditions.
• Recite 3 general symptoms signs/symptoms of osteoarthritis
• Cite 4 serious pathologies or disorders that should be screened for in a patient presenting with lower back pain.
• Explain the clinical prediction rule for a vertebral fracture and identify the specific red flags necessary for high specificity in ruling in a vertebral fracture.
• Enumerate 3 red flags associated with a spinal infection that can detected during the medical screening process which may warrant subsequent referral.
• List 3 red flags associated with a spinal tumor that can detected during the medical screening process which may warrant subsequent referral.

Hour 2

• Explain the purpose of the Wells scoring system/ clinical prediction rule for screening a patient with lower leg pain.
• Recall 5 red flags associated with pericarditis during medical screening of a patient with thoracic pain.
• Outline red flags associated with pyelonephritis during medical screening of a patient presenting with thoracic pain.
• Summarize the components of the clinical prediction rule for ruling in cervical myelopathy.
• Recite 3 common clinical findings associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the medical screening examination.
• List 3 red flag findings for a patient suspected of having compartment syndrome of the lower leg
• Explain the Pittsburgh Knee Rules as they relate to the necessity for follow-up imaging tests to rule out a knee fracture.
• Paraphrase the Ottawa Ankle Rules for warranting imaging tests to rule out an ankle fracture.

Hour 1

• Paraphrase the central purpose for the review of systems (ROS) approach to medical screening.
• Recall 8 ROS health components (key signs or symptoms) that can serve as a preliminary tool to determine the need for additional screening.
• Cite the 3 most common causes for unexplained weight loss in the older patient which may justify the need for further screening.
• List 8 signs / symptoms (cardiopulmonary system checklist) that should be assessed during a cardiopulmonary system screen.
• Enumerate 5 red flags for a myocardial infarction or unstable angina during a cardiopulmonary screen that would warrant immediate referral
• Recall 8 associated red flags (signs / symptoms) that may warrant referral in a patient that presents with edema of the hands, feet or abdomen
• Recite 4 prodromal red flags associated with a transient ischemic attack, and subsequently would warrant an immediate referral.
• Recall 1 important finding that can aid in the differentiation between claudication and psuedoclaudication, and subsequently impact the need for immediate referral.

Hour 2

• Outline 6 red flags associated with lung cancer, and subsequently may warrant an immediate referral.
• Identify 8 signs / symptoms (gastrointestinal system checklist) that should be assessed during a gastrointestinal system screen.
• Provide 7 red flags clinical findings) of NSAID induced complications which may justify an outside referral.
• Recount 8 signs / symptoms (endocrine system checklist) that should be assessed during an endocrine system screen.
• List 3 regional/anatomical locations where pulmonary -related disorders can refer pain to
• List 3 regional/anatomical locations where gastrointestinal -related disorders can refer pain to
• Recall 3 signs and/or symptoms of colorectal cancer
• List 2 regional/anatomical locations where urogenital -related disorders can refer pain to

• List components of burnout, causes of burnout, and personal and professional outcomes associated with burnout in healthcare employees.
• Summarize the Jobs-Demands Resource Model and its relevance to the challenges of burnout in healthcare employees.
• Describe the intrinsic personal factors aimed at reducing symptoms of burnout and enhancing personal well-being and work and life satisfaction.
• Recognize the extrinsic work factors aimed at reducing symptoms of burnout and promoting occupational justice in the healthcare work environment.
• Explain the relationship between the development of burnout in healthcare employees, external work factors, and leadership.

• List and define the components of the SINSS classification used for an upper quarter evaluation
• Recall two neurophysiological effects of upper quarter joint mobilizations
• Cite two indications for performing grade 1-2 joint mobilizations to the upper quarter
• Identify two conditions that would warrant performing grad 3-4 joint mobilizations to the upper quarter
• Enumerate 5 contraindications for performing joint mobilizations to the upper quarter State two specific diagnostic or impairment-based indications for performing a cervical distraction mobilization.
• Summarize the purpose for performing a posterior mobilization to the glenohumeral joint
• Paraphrase the clinical prediction rule used to determine the effectiveness of cervico-thoracic mobilizations for patient’s presenting with subacromial impingement.

• List and define the components of the SINSS classification used for a lower quarter evaluation
• Recall two neurophysiological effects of joint mobilizations as applied to the lower quarter
• Cite two indications for performing grade 1-2 joint mobilizations for the lower quarter
• Identify two conditions that would warrant performing grad 3-4 joint mobilizations for the lower quarter
• Enumerate 5 contraindications for performing joint mobilizations as applied to the lower quarter
• State two specific diagnostic or impairment-based indications for performing a lateral to caudal hip joint mobilization.
• Explain the purpose for performing a posterior to anterior proximal tibiofibular glide
• Provide two common indications for performing a medial patella mobilization technique

• Locate major divisions and structures of the CNS
• Name functions of CNS structures, and their integration with other structures
• Identify effects of CNS dysfunction on upper extremity function, behavior and occupational performance

• Describe different modes of genetic transmission
• Discuss the incidence, etiology, and clinical manifestations of specific genetic disorders
• Outline and describe the medical and surgical management of children with genetic disorders
• Articulate the role of the therapy assistant in the management of children with genetic disorders
• Identify appropriate therapy interventions used with children with genetic disorders
• Recognize the importance of functional training throughout the life span of a child with a genetic disorder

• Describethe etiology and clinical manifestations of stroke
• Identify common complications seen in patients who have sustained CVAs
• Explain the role of the therapy assistant in the treatment of patients with stroke
• Describe appropriate treatment interventions for patients who have experienced strokes
• Recognize the importance of functional training for patients who have had strokes

• Identify causes and mechanisms of TBI
• List secondary complications associated with TBI
• Explain specific treatment interventions to facilitate functional movement
• Discuss strategies that will improve cognitive deficits

• Describe PD and list 3 motor and nonmotor deficits associated with PD
• Describe the epidemiology of PD and state whether or not the prevalence of PD will increase
• List 3 neuropathologic hallmark signs of PD
• List 3 lifestyle factors that have been associated with risk for PD
• Describe how genetics and pathophysiology Play a major role in PD

• List the 2 most common psychiatric comorbidities in Parkinson's Disease
• Outline and describe 4 types of depressive disorders seen in Parkinson's Disease
• List 4 risk factors for depression and 4 risk factors for anxiety
• Outline and describe 5 nonpharmacologic therapy interventions for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease

• List and examine 5 features that distinguish Parkinson tremor from essential tremor
• Describe the hallmark sign that distinguishes Parkinson tremor from other types of tremor
• State the purpose of a datscan
• List and describe 2 treatment interventions for Parkinson and essential tremor
• Define and differentiate 3 other common types of tremor in the elderly

• Explain classification of nerve injuries of the UE
• Describe 3 motor and 3 sensory symptoms of PNI of the UE
• Describe 3 diagnostic criteria for PNI of the UE
• List 5 differential diagnosis for PNI of the UE
• List 5 rehab goals for PNI of the UE
• Briefly outline conservative treatment involved with different types of PNI of the UE

• Describe and list local and systemic treatments for breast cancer
• Discuss physical and psychosocial implications of breast cancer treatment
• Outline and describe the process of evaluation for individuals with breast cancer
• Create appropriate rehabilitative goals for individuals with breast cancer
• Design an appropriate rehabilitative session for breast cancer patients

• Outline 5 hypotheses related to the pathophysiology of cancer related fatigue
• List 5 tools available for screening cancer related fatigue and describe the simplest scale available
• List 10 factors that contribute to cancer related fatigue
• Describe the patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic workup process for a patient with cancer related fatigue
• List 5 nonpharmacologic interventions for the treatment of cancer related fatigue
• List and describe 2 psychostimulants used in the treatment of cancer related fatigue

• Identify and describe the phases of bone healing
• List and describe 3 objectives that serve as the foundation of fracture management and bone healing
• Define and differentiate osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes
• Define and discuss Wolff’s law
• Discuss 3 principles of stress deprivation, immobilization, and normal physiologic stress as they apply to fracture healing
• Identify 3 complications of bone healing
• Outline and describe 6 areas of descriptive organization of classifying fractures
• Describe pathologic fractures and list 4 types
• Discuss 2 ways how osteoporosis affects fractures
• List 2 common methods of fracture fixation, fixation devices, and fracture classifications

• Describe and differentiate between the macrostructure and microstructure of muscle and tendon
• List and describe the 2 main types of muscle fibers. List and describe the 3 mechanisms for a muscle injury
• Describe the difference between a supraphysiologic and a sub-failure load and how each type may contribute to an injury
• Define how a muscle strain differs from a ligament sprain
• Describe the differences between a tendinitis and a tendinosis
• Describe the effects of aging on tendons
• Name and describe the 3 phases of connective tissue healing
• Describe the effects of immobilization on connective tissue

• Outline the nature of and hallmarks of cancer
• Summarize the relationship between physical activity and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between nutrition and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between massage therapy and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between acupuncture and cancer
• Summarize the relationship between manual therapy and cancer

• Summarize the assessment and diagnosis of pain
• List and describe 5 common causes of back pain and how to prevent injury
• Outline the causes of fibromyalgia
• Illustrate the mechanisms of inflammation and pain
• Discuss the pain of peripheral neuropathy

• Describe 3 ways how pain can be a burden to the patient and society
• Describe 2 key components of the biopsychosocial model for treating pain
• Describe how pain is a multisystem output
• Describe the neuromatrix and how it relates to a person’s neural signature
• List 3 medical terms that can influence a patient’s level of fear and anxiety
• Describe 3 body systems that can be influenced by a persistent state of pain
• Outline the 12 treatment principles in the context of therapeutic neuroscience education for patients with persistent pain

• Identify key professionals and describe the various roles that each person on the interprofessional pain team plays
• Understand the impact that chronic pain can have across varied life domains
• Describe the link between the individual experience of pain and the social environment
• Examine the association between healthcare provider-patient communication and health outcomes

• Appreciate the different types of peripheral nociceptors and their associated axons
• Describe the pathways involved in transmitting nociceptive information within the nervous system
• Describe the organization of the dorsal horn and the termination patterns of afferent inputs
• Examine the areas of the nervous system involved in the perception, integration and response to nociception
• Become familiar with the neurophysiology underlying somatic and visceral pain
• Outline and describe mechanisms of sensitization in the peripheral and central nervous system
• Describe ways in which the brain controls nociceptive processing
• Identify and describe brain structures involved in the perception of pain

• Define and explain the difference between pain assessment and pain measurement
• Describe the type of pain evaluation commonly used
• Describe some of the most commonly used pain measurement tools
• Become familiar with some consensus guidelines around pain assessment
• Explore and discuss the impact which culture, ethnicity, religion and gender can have on pain assessment

• Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome
• Identify symptoms that alert the clinician to the possible presence of these conditions
• Become familiar with current diagnostic criteria and their limitations
• Describe a methodical approach to examination and treatment, based on current international evidence and guidelines

• Understand manual therapy in the context of biopsychosocial management of  musculoskeletal pain
• Describe the effects of manual therapy on local tissue, spinal and supraspinal pain mechanisms
• Describe the effects of pleasant touch on pain
• Examine the effects of treatment-related pain on pain perception
• Analyze the effects of manual therapy on motor control
• Explain how manual therapy may be applied in practice

• Discuss the use of TENS and acupuncture for pain management and list 5 indications and contraindications/risks.
• Describe and analyze 2 principles underpinning various techniques of TENS and acupuncture
• Describe the research supporting the analgesic mechanisms of action of TENS and acupuncture.
• Summarize clinical research evidence on clinical effectiveness for TENS and acupuncture
• Discuss why the clinical experience of outcome when using TENS and acupuncture sometimes differs from some of the clinical research findings.

• Describe and differentiate the role and limitations of complementary therapies in pain management
• Analyze the evidence base for specific complementary therapy interventions for patients living with pain
• Compare and contrast key practical and professional issues in the integration of complementary therapies within clinical practice
• Identify and recite possible sources of information for increasing knowledge and awareness of complementary approaches to pain management

• Explore the magnitude of the problem of cancer pain
• Understand the circumstances in the cancer journey when pain may occur
• Describe the types of pain
• Understand that the experience of pain can have physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions
• List and describe the principles of pain management
• Explore the barriers to good pain management
• Appreciate the personal issues confronted by therapist's dealing with cancer pain

• Outline how the pain experience differs with age
• Explore and differentiate particular conditions that commonly cause pain among middle-aged and older people
• Examine difference in pain report and coping strategies among people of different age groups
• Assess how age-related changes in neurophysiology may alter the pain experience
• Explain how the pain experience is unique for older people in special populations, such as those with dementia
• Compare ways to approach the assessment of pain in elderly persons

• Define and differentiate 4 common pain neuroscience terms
• Lsit and describe 10 pieces of information that should be gathered in a pain evaluation
• Summarize 3 treatment considerations for pain
• Summarize relevant questions when considering the use of therapeutic modalities and complementary and integrated health in pain rehabilitation
• Discuss the significance of psychosocial treatment options

• Discuss the incidence and background of musculoskeletal pain in older adults 
• Outline the general approach including assessment, physical examination and imaging 
• Summarize 5 different domains relevant for assessing chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults 
• Describe 3 approaches to treatment 
• Outline and describe at least 5 common musculoskeletal conditions in older adults

• Describe normal anatomy of the breast
• List 5 factors of breast cancer
• Explain the incidence of breast cancer and its impact on society
• Explain the pathogenesis of fibrocystic changes and describe 3 histological changes
• Describe the most common benign breast tumor including appearance, histological features and peak age of incidence

• Define and differentiate skin lesions such as macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, ulcer and scar
• Describe skin lesions caused by mechanical trauma
• Explain short term and long term effects of ultraviolet light on the skin
• Describe skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• Describe typical lesions of acne vulgaris and explain their pathogenesis
• Describe 2 manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis
• List the most important neoplastic skin lesions involving the dermis