Arkansas Chiropractic Continuing Education

• Locate and identify anatomical structures of the spinal cord
• Locate and identify the columns and tracts of the spinal cord
• Describe the functions of the columns and tracts of the spinal cord
• Locate and identify the vascular structures that supply the spinal cord

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Anatomy 125 to Anatomy 136 

• Locate and identify the rami, anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbar plexus
• Locate and identify the peripheral nerves that arise from the lumbar plexus
• Recognize anatomical landmarks that surround the lumbar plexus
• Identify the structures supplied by the nerves of the lumbar plexus

• Locate and identify the bones of the cranium
• Identify anatomical landmarks on the bones of the cranium
• Identify the sutures of the cranium
• Describe the structures passing through the foramina of the cranium

• Locate and identify the extraoccular muscles
• Locate and identify deep muscles of the face and pharynx
• Describe nerve the supply of muscles identified
• Describe the actions of the muscles identified

• Locate and identify intermediate muscles of the face and pharynx
• Describe nerve the supply of muscles identified
• Describe the actions of the muscles identified
• Locate origins and insertions of the muscles identified

• Locate and identify superficial muscles of the face and pharynx
• Describe nerve the supply of muscles identified
• Describe the actions of the muscles identified
• Locate origins and insertions of the muscles identified

• Identify the arteries that supply the face and head
• Identify the nerves that supply the face and head
• Describe the structures innervated by the nerves of face and head
• Identify the veins that drain the face and head

• Locate identify muscles of the eye and orbit
• Locate and identify blood vessels of the eye and orbit
• Locate and identify connective tissue structures of the orbit
• Describe location and innervation of the lacrimal glands

• Locate the major anatomical landmarks of the orbit
• Describe anatomical relationships between structures of the orbit
• Correlate functions of the structures of the orbit with the anatomy
• Identify the nerves, muscles and blood vessels of the orbit

• Identify the structures of the interior structures of the eyeball
• Explain the function of the interior structures of the eyeball
• Correlate anatomical relationships between interior structures of the eyeball
• Explain the actions of the extraoccular muscles

• Identify anatomical landmarks of the ossicles of the ear
• Locate and identify the organs of hearing in the ear
• Explain the transmission of sound in the ear
• Locate and identify the organs of balance in the ear

• Identify anatomical landmarks pertaining to osteology of the temporomandibular joints
• Locate and identify the soft tissue structures of the temporomandibular joint
• Correlate specific muscles with the possible movements of the temporomandibular joint
• Locate attachment sites of the structures of the temporomandibular joint

• Describe the biomechanics of rotation of a thoracic ring at the levels T1-T7.
• Describe the biomechanics of the Cervical spine, Thoracic spine, ribs, clavicle and manubrium with elevation of the right or left shoulder.
• Describe the biomechanics of flexion and extension at the Costotransverse joint at T9.
• Describe the differences in motion of the mobile segments between T3 -T7 with side flexion occurring first in the Thoracic spine.

• Describe the physiology of breathing and how altered pH can affect the body.
• Describe two functions of the diaphragm.
• Identify limited chest expansion and Bradcliff angles and ski jumps
• Identify limited lateral costal breathing and how to facilitate normal lateral costal breathing

• Describe how altered breathing patterns can alter pH and how this can affect the body.
• Describe the autonomic nervous system and function.
• Name three physiological consequences of respiratory alkalosis.
• Describe suboptimal breathing patterns and their effect on the cervical spine and chronic pain.

• Name and describe the different types of sleep apnea.
• Describe the three levels of Apnea-hypopnea index AHI.
• List five symptoms of sleep apnea.
• List two treatments for sleep apnea.

• Simplify the progressive cause-effect relationship of disease from biochemical imbalances to physiological disturbances to cellular/organ degeneration to disease manifestation
• Identify the five primary underlying etiologies of virtually all chronic degenerative disease
• Analyze the most common antecedents and triggers that predispose your patients to disease
• Devise an evaluation algorithm that efficiently guides your testing recommendations
• Discover novel in-office testing procedures that cost-effectively demonstrate patients’ nutrient insufficiencies; unmanaged stress; toxic burden; and sleep “debt”
• Evaluate Heart Rate Variability test results to easily measure and demonstrate patients’ stress adaptability as well as their response to treatment modalities
• Discriminate the meaningful information gleaned from Bio-Impedance Analysis (BIA) testing for monitoring your patients’ health restoration progress
• Interpret evaluation results to efficiently identify which primary factors are contributing to your patients’ health challenges
• Prioritize treatment plans that address both short-term goals (symptomatic relief) and long-term goals (correction, stabilization and prevention)
• Distinguish which nutraceuticals best support patient needs based on history, exam, testing and symptomatology
• Communicate the functional medicine model of health and disease with your patients with greater clarity and ease

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Functional Medicine 209 through 212.

• Design an efficient and cost-effective approach to evaluating your patients’ underlying health challenges
• Select key questions to ask your patients (consultation, history, questionnaires) to hone-in on their principal underlying imbalances
• Discover in-office, economical evaluation tools to efficiently reveal key diagnostic clues
• Create a systematic decision-making process that directs your testing recommendations
• Devise a practical and effective formula to skillfully evaluate gut health (dysbiosis), adrenal imbalance, blood sugar dysregulation (dysglycemia); oxidative stress; methylation defects; thyroid insufficiency; and sex hormone imbalances
• Generate a logical treatment sequence to competently treat the fundamental underlying conditions revealed in your evaluation
• Differentiate which nutraceuticals best support and rebalance underlying physiological imbalances.

• Identify the appropriate candidates (patients) for a detoxification program
• Effectively communicate the need for detoxification support
• Ensure a safe and comfortable detoxification experience
• Establish realistic expectations - for you and your patient
• Measure the outcome of your patient’s detoxification using novel, in-office, cost-effective evaluation procedures
• Generate 14 and 21 day detoxification programs
• Devise detoxification programs for various levels of patient commitment and participation
• Easily and readily respond to common patient questions and concerns about detoxification
• Address post-detoxification clinical considerations and directions

• Identify the most common pre-disposing factors for the initiation of cancer
• Design a screening protocol to evaluate cancer risk factors
• Discover specific evaluation procedures that identify biochemical imbalances indicative of cancer risk
• Interpret specialized laboratory test results that portray a physiological environment conducive to cancer promotion
• Devise treatment strategies shown to reverse cancer related imbalances
• Hone diagnostic skills by reviewing and analyzing a series of patient case studies, inclusive of history, exam findings, lab test results
• Develop safe and effective treatment recommendations for some of the more common chronic degenerative conditions, e.g., thyroid imbalances, chronic fatigue, inflammatory bowel disease

• Explain how beneficial commensal microbes support gastrointestinal health
• Describe the major components of the intestinal barrier
• Summarize the microbial composition of a typical stool sample
• Explain the role of comprehensive stool testing in assessing gastrointestinal health

• Recognize the three most common types of microbial dysbiosis
• Describe common factors that can reduce beneficial microbes and disrupt the intestinal barrier
• Assess pathogens and opportunistic microbes identified with comprehensive stool testing
• Discuss how the selection of microbial testing methodology may affect the identification of pathogens and opportunists
• Outline therapeutic approaches that address common dysbiosis types identified via comprehensive stool testing

• This course contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Functional Medicine and Nutrition Virtual Classroom 201 through 210

• Describe the current epidemiologic trends in autoimmune incidence, morbidity and mortality.
• Associate the linkage between autoimmune disease prevalence and factors including the GI microbiota composition, food immune reactions, stealth infections, molecular mimicry, lack of early diverse antigen exposure, and other elements.
• Examine the available clinical laboratory testing related to autoimmune disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and clinical management, including qPCR molecular-based evaluation of the GI microbiota.
• Explain the difference between quantitative molecular testing (qPCR) versus next-generation sequencing of the GI microbiota in the support of clinical decision making.
• Appraise the available evidence-based integrative and complementary therapeutic interventions for autoimmune disorders.

• Describe the current common routes and mechanisms of toxic exposure for individuals living in the industrialized world.
• Associate the linkage between chronic diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and others with increased levels of exposure to various environmental and food toxins.
• Examine the available clinical laboratory testing related to toxic load and related disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and clinical management using various lifestyle and nutritional approaches.
• Explain the difference between the various methods to assess toxic burden and detoxification at the level of the individual in the support of clinical decision making.
• Appraise the available evidence-based integrative and complementary therapeutic interventions for lowering toxic load and improving detoxification function.

Hour 1

• Describe the general diagnostic criteria of Metabolic Syndrome and CVD.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the enhanced diagnostic criteria and the importance of investigating these potential earlier markers.
• Demystify the “Cholesterol and HDL hypothesis” and explain the compensation mechanisms of the body for this.
• Recognize the biometric and physical signs of the progressive nature of CVD, CHD and MetS.
• Investigate Lifestyle Modification Programs as the major intervention strategy for the reversal and stagnation of these comorbidities. 

• Describe the general dietary interventions of Metabolic Syndrome and CVD.
• Demonstrate an understanding of sodium/salt as it relates to CVD/HTN.
• Demystify the confusion of major supplements and foods as it relates to CVD/HTN. 
• Recognize the associations between insomnia and CVD, CHD and MetS.
• Investigate various peer reviewed studies and the outcomes of nutritional interventions.  

• Provide an understanding of the clinical applications of biochemical/metabolic evaluations to determine a patient’s hormonal status
• Explain the differences between various assessments of hormonal status
• Evaluate hormonal imbalances and disorders
• Evaluate nutrient needs in metabolic disorders Plan and monitor nutrient interventions to correct abnormalities found by the tests

• Describe the origin of mitochondria from an evolutionary perspective.
• Understand the critical role that the thyroid plays in metabolism and how this relates to healthy mitochondrial function.
• Explain how to test for mitochondrial function/dysfunction.
• Show how living in a thermos neutral modern society contributes to obesity.
• Recognize how antibiotics can damage mitochondria and how that can play a role in obesity.
• Give examples of toxins/drugs that can adversely affect mitochondria.

• Describe how common mitochondrial genetic problems are in the general population.
• Explain how mitochondria are needed to produce glutathione and why glutathione is needed for healthy mitochondria.
• Discover how oxidative stress can be both good and bad for the body.
• Discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in a variety of diseases ranging from Parkinson’s, Cancer, NASH, Alzheimer’s, Autism and Diabetes.
• Discover key ways to optimize mitochondrial function in patients.

• Describe the associations of micronutrient deficiencies as it relates mental health disorders.
• Demonstrate an understanding of major prescriptive medications and their negative influence on mental health disorders. 
• Explain the overlap of certain pathophysiological conditions and mental health disorders.
• Recognize the current lack of proper diagnosis of mental health disorder.

• Describe the associations of micronutrient and nutritional deficiencies as it relates mental health disorders.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the major biochemical pathways, their enzymes and nutritional elements as it relates to psychological issues.
• Explain the importance of fatty acids in mental health disorders.
• Recognize the current lack of proper nutritional interventions as it pertains to TBI, mTBI and PCS.

• Provide an understanding of the clinical applications of biochemical/metabolic evaluations to determine a patient’s status of nutrients, toxicants and cell regulators, and functional gastrointestinal status.
• Explain the differences between various assessments of element status
• Evaluate specific nutrient deficiency states
• Determine weaknesses in digestive, assimilative and intestinal microbiological status
• Plan and monitor nutrient interventions to correct abnormalities found by the tests

• Define and explain the difference between "calories in, calories out" versus the “carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity”. Discuss the causes of increased intestinal permeability in competitive athletes and identify strategies to combat the condition. Identify the energy intake athletes require by calculating their total energy expenditure.
• Recall the quality and function of macronutrients and their role in physical performance.
• Describe common micronutrient deficiencies seen in competitive athletes and identify strategies to prevent such occurrences.

• Summarize the physiological energy and macronutrient requirements of the sprint/power athlete and game-playing athlete. Identify supplement strategies to support the sprint/power athlete and game-playing athlete.
• Summarize the physiological energy and macronutrient requirements of the endurance athlete.
• Identify supplement strategies to support the endurance athlete.
• Outline an effective whole food diet to support competitive athletes.

• Describe the secondary metabolites in whole foods.
• Understand the role of phytochemicals.
• Demonstrate an understanding of how they interact with our cells.
• Explain how to preserve them during cooking.

• Recognize the challenges caused by ultra-processed foods
• Identify the compounds in the Brassicaceae family
• Explain the health benefits of sulforaphane
• Explain the importance of preserving secondary metabolites
• Recognize the benefits of the fungal kingdom

Hour 1

• Describe the characteristics and mechanisms of actions of essential oils.
• Explain several key controversies in aromatherapy and the implications.
• Generalize the safety and quality issues surrounding the clinical use of essential oils.
• Compare the various modes of applications of essential oils.
• Summarize the pharmacology and biotransformation of essential oils and its constituents.
• Recognize the potential interactions of essential oils with medications and nutraceuticals.

Hour 2 

• Generalize the various considerations for prescribing essential oils.
• Calculate equivalent dosages of essential oils using several different units of measurement.
• Apply the guidelines for appropriate prescribing the internal use of essential oils.
• Determine the proper application and dosage for various essential oils used for digestive health.
• Specify the usage and dose determination for essential oils for mental health.

• Analyze the concept of central pain processing and the consequences of dysfunction of descending inhibition.
• Associate FM with trauma and abuse, depression, anxiety, sleep disorder and pain processing disorders with emphasis on limbic system dysfunction, aberrant stress physiology, and ultimate failure of descending anti-nociception. 
• Assess the difference between regionalized somatic pain and true central allodynia
• Describe the accurate differential diagnosis of patients presenting with suspicion of FMS
• Identify common subsets of clinical disorders that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of FMS (i.e., “pseudo” FMS)

• Describe and Identify the functional medicine approach to common pediatric problems
• Develop a comprehensive functional medicine assessment and treatment of common pediatric problems such as constipation, headaches and migraines, upper respiratory infections and otitis media, food sensitivities, allergies, asthma and atopy
• Examine the salient features of history, physical examination and laboratory testing to best implement functional medicine interventions to common pediatric problems
• Utilize a functional medicine approach to assess what each child may need to get or get rid of to treat each of these common pediatric problems 
• Summarize the literature supporting the use of functional medicine in pediatrics
• Recognize the four pillars of a functional medical approach to chronic pediatric illness – gastroenterologic, immunologic, metabolic and neurologic
• Classify and explain the importance of the genetic and genomic susceptibilities/predisposition and environmental triggers of chronic pediatric illnesses
• Utilize a functional medicine approach to assessing and treating chronic pediatric disease such as ADHD, Autism, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Anxiety, Allergy and Atopy
• Interpret the literature citations and develop protocols based on emerging evidence supporting a functional medicine approach to these chronic pediatric problems
• Appraise the assessment and management of the importance of the microbiome in immune tolerance, allergy and autoimmunity.

• Discuss the catecholamine pathway will be presented in an organized fashion with emphasis on real world applications. 
• Review clinical case studies. 
• Assess different genetic mutations within the catecholamine pathway . 
• Individualize treatment plans in practice. 
• Demonstrate a basic road map of the catecholamine pathway. 
• Use genetic parsing software and the tools attained form this course to highlight and modulate genes/SNPs of interest. 
• Derive natural therapeutic agents to modulate epigenetic expression. 
• Utilize basic nutrigenomic assessment and treatment knowledge in the catecholamine pathway.

• Define and explain the different terms that identify exercise intensity and their relationship to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max).
• Discuss the history of exercise physiology and how technology influenced research and ultimately, exercise guidelines.
• Differentiate the physiological responses to sprint interval training and to low-to-moderate intensity continuous training.
• Reconstruct a lay explanation to patients and/or clients of why sprint interval training is an extremely effective strategy for improving overall health and fitness.
• Summarize key research studies that support sprint interval training.

Hour 2

• Recognize additional research that supports sprint interval training.
• Identify key physiological benefits of sprint interval training.
• Recall important case study benefits.
• Outline effective overall strategies for implementing sprint interval training.
• Distinguish appropriate sprint interval exercises for differing populations.

Hour 1:

• Summarize the differences between genomics, genetics, and epigenetics
• Illustrate how genomics can affect risk and outcomes in auto-immune and inflammatory conditions
• Interpret relative function of genes based on presence of relevant SNPs
• Identify genes and SNPS involved in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation
• Assess Dietary, Lifestyle and Herb/Nutrient recommendations based on genomics

 Hour 2:

• Apply nutritional genomics in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
• Outline basic disease pathogenesis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
• Explain which genes and SNPs are relevant depending on the clinical scenario
• Assess other contributors to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease

• Breakdown the biomechanical processes of spinal degeneration
• Explain the biochemical processes that occur in the geriatric population in 
• Differentiate between various diagnosis of structural and chemical conditions seen in geriatric patients
• Analyze the radiological findings and how they influence clinical decisions
• Explain Syndrome X and how it affects physiology
• Differentiate trauma and its late effects on the body

Hour 1

• Describe psychoneuroimmunology and its application to clinical diagnosis of geriatric patients
• Apply psychoneuroimmunology to activities of daily living

Hour 2

• Differentiate clinical approaches to managing psychoneuroimmunology
• Measure clinical treatment outcomes

Hour 3

• Relate what factors contribute to this field in the elderly patient
• Incorporate hormonal balancing with nutrition in clinical treatment plans for Chiropractic Patients

• Implement nutrients that promote spinal and joint function to obtain positive clinical outcomes
• Explain Ph., alkalinity and acidity as it impacts the physiology of the body in regards to healing
• Categorize toxins in the environment that create clinical presentations of  geriatric patients clinical care
• Utilize vitamins herbals and supplements to augment patients’ care
• Factor nutritional aspects of protein, fats and carbs into clinical treatment plans to improve healing
• Create treatment goals and nutritional plans

• Assess various treatment modalities
• Implement treatment protocols as found in the latest research
• Progress patients to incorporate wellness into their lifestyle
• Perform postural evaluations and discuss clinical significance to the patient
• Appropriately factor radiographic findings into diagnosis and clinical decision making of the geriatric patient
• Examine physical findings and set specific and measurable patient treatment goals

• Discuss ethical standards of insurance reporting and coding
• Illustrate how documentation can affect state board complaints
• Discuss why insurance companies file complaints against chiropractors
• Discuss why patients file board complaints against chiropractors
• Define the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)
• Illustrate taking a thorough history using the OPQRST method
• Discuss the components of the ortho/neuro exam

Hours 1 - 3

• Discuss ethical standards of insurance reporting and coding
• Illustrate how documentation can affect state board complaints
• Discuss why insurance companies file complaints against chiropractors
• Discuss why patients file board complaints against chiropractors
• Define the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)
• Illustrate taking a thorough history using the OPQRST method
• Discuss the components of the ortho/neuro exam

• Discuss the misrepresentation of certain orthopedic tests
• Illustrate sensitivity and specificity of orthopedic tests
• Define the 2021 changes to Evaluation and Management codes
• Discuss the differences between using time vs. medical decision making for E/M
• Distinguish between subjective and objective outcome assessments Illustrate methods of proving medical necessity
• Illustrate the CMS requirements of chiropractic documentation
• Illustrate condition-specific functional outcome questionnaires
• Define the A of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Define the R of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Illustrate the different methods of evaluating spinal range of motion
• Define the T of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Describe the timing of the first re-assessment
• Demonstrate proper coding for range of motion measurements
• Describe the P.A.R.T. format of documentation
• Define the P of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Describe the concept of outcome assessments in clinical practice

• Illustrate different outcome assessments for the T of P.A.R.T
• Demonstrate the POMR and P.A.R.T. formats for the initial patient encounter
• Integrate the POMR and P.A.R.T. formats for subsequent patient encounters
• Discuss proper diagnosing in notes and on a claim form
• Define the short, moderate and long-term diagnoses for Medicare
• Define proper Assessments
• Illustrate how to determine an assessment for each condition
• Illustrate complicating factors that can be documented for each condition

• Illustrate the two types of Plan
• Discuss common therapeutic modalities
• Demonstrate proper documentation for time-based codes
• Illustrate how to document measurable treatment goals
• Describe the red flags of a record review
• Demonstrate the determination of causation for a motor vehicle collision
• Discuss the different mechanisms of injury for motor vehicle collisions
• Discuss some of the key value drivers of Colossus
• Discuss the difference between impairment and disability
• Illustrate the determination of the end of justifiable treatment
• Define the main components of an impairment evaluation
• Illustrate Duties Under Duress and Loss of Enjoyment
• Illustrate the important diagnoses for personal injury cases
• Define the 5 Colossus prognoses
• Demonstrate the 5 grades of injury severity for the Croft Guidelines for the Treatment of CAD Injuries

• Prepare to manage and document protocols, for litigation protection, in a crisis, such as Covid.
• Discover how to avoid a HIPAA investigation and becoming a ‘HIPAA statistic’, often by surprise.
• Operate an office with protocols to avoid ransom ware and other Cyber-attacks.
• Complete a HIPAA program to be prepared for document production, demanded by the government, when a complaint (or even a simple inquiry) is made by a patient, peer, or ex-employee.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed in Government HIPAA and Cybersecurity Compliance 201 - 208

• Prepare for the required OIG compliance program, required for all who treat one of more Medicare patients per year.
• Aid in understanding and preparing required written documented policies under the HIPAA law.
• Identify what thieves do with stolen patient information.
• Discover what is included in a comprehensive table of contents for a HIPAA compliance program.
• Describe the type and number of complaints against doctors and their often surprise origins
• Use of required accounting logs

• Classifying what you say and when, when notified of an investigation or audit, to avoid saying the wrong thing and complicating your case.
• Examine what every office must do, regarding the ONC law, to deliver patient records electronically if so requested, even if you don’t have computers.
• Show a step-by-step approach to responding to the government in the event of a breach, investigation, or audit.
• Solve the puzzle as to avoiding audits and compliance investigations.

• Explain tele-health pros and cons.
• Categorize the risks that lead to being turned in for violations, often not knowing you were doing anything wrong.
• Point out the most common HIPAA scams that involve impersonating a federal official.
• Examine the parts of the HIPAA law that enforcers are enforcing and those parts they are not enforcing.

• Discover how to conduct the required ISAR (information system activity review) that leads to maximum fines if not completed.
• Aid you and/or your staff in conducting the required risk analysis that leads to maximum fines, if not completed.
• Prepare an electronic device maintenance schedule to protect yourself relative to data breaches.
• Examine how to reduce your exposure to HIPAA fines.

• Discover illegal fee structures and the legal options that do exist.
• Prepare the four requirements relative to the notice of patient privacy policy.
• Generate a legally required BAA process for every individual or company with whom you share or provide access to your patient data.
• Discuss the requirements for data recover and emergency mode operations under HIPAA.

• Prepare a protocol for creating required policies under HIPAA.
• Assess the risks of seeing Medicare patients with inadequate use of the ABN form.
• Operate proper procedures to appropriately use the ABN form in a Medicare practice.
• Summarize the Ohio workers’ compensation requirements that elevate chiropractic and put restrictions upon spinal surgeons.

• Generate proper staff training to meet HIPAA requirements.
• Examine the pitfalls around a physical plant audit and what you must do to avoid them.
• Completing a required disciplinary policy that will pass an investigation.
• Classify the little-known training requirements above and beyond the ‘annual HIPAA training’.

Hour 1:

• Integrate the following concepts as it pertains to laser therapy:  wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences
• Contrast the differences between thermal and non-thermal laser therapy

Hour 2:

• Conceptualize the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome coxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser therapy

Hour 3:

• Introduce evidence as to the integrative physiology between chiropractic care for musculoskeletal pain syndromes and improved systemic health.
• Develop a neuroanatomical and neurophysiological model for the influence of spinal mechanical function with visceral neurology.

Hour 4:

• Correlate upper cervical spine symmetry and the function of the nucleus tractus solitarius of the vagus nerve.
• Explore the mechanical, vascular and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics as related to spinal anatomy.

Hour 5:

• Show the history and modern-day evidence for the influence of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic field waveforms.
• Detail the two most plausible mechanisms of exposure non-ionizing electromagnetic field waveforms on human biology.

Hour 6:

• Explore the various relationships from a functional neurological perspective.
• Contrast the relationship between various neurochemicals

Hour 7:

• Justify why many people need between 5-8 different supplements and explain why.
• Connect the link between dietary lectins, leak gut, systemic inflammation and autoimmune conditions.

Hour 8:

• Explain some of the physiological complications to COVID-19.
• Review studies that explain the biological plausibility related to COVID-19.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Laser 215 through Laser 216

Hour 1

• Discuss the physiology associated with laser therapy
• Describe the electron transport chain
• Examine common cervical and plexus pathologies through orthopedic and soft tissue testing
• Treat the scapular area using non-thermal lasers
• Outline a description of electron volts

Hour 2

• Summarize important factors regarding wavelengths relative to using laser therapy
• Describe mitochondiral function
• Recognize damage to mitochondria and appreciate its role in disease
• Examine patients with potential upper extremity nerve entrapments using orthopedic testing, soft tissue testing 

Hour 3

• Discuss neuron receptors
• Explain pain to patients
• Identify soft tissue structures
• Summarize the function of progenitor cells

Hour 4

• Perform an evaluation of the shoulder
• Perform an evaluation of the elbow
• Perform an evaluation of the wrist and the hand
• Perform an evaluation of the lower extremities

• Compare chiropractic maintenance care to symptom-guided care for patients with persistent or recurrent low back pain
• Investigate whether adding chiropractic care to usual medical care improves outcomes for military personnel suffering from low back pain
• Evaluate the research on the effectiveness of mobilization and manipulation for chronic non-specific low back pain
• Determine the effects of spinal manipulation on biochemical markers in humans
• Appraise the associations between chiropractic and primary care physician care in relation to acute lumbar disc herniation with early surgery

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Manipulation 117 through Manipulation 122

• Identify a sub-group of recurrent low back pain patients that might respond most favorably to a maintenance care schedule
• Summarize existing research literature on chiropractic maintenance care
• Investigate short-term changes in pain-pressure threshold (PPT) and temporal summation (TS) after lumbar spinal manipulation (SMT) compared to a credible sham intervention
• Determine whether cervical spinal manipulation leads to meaningful changes in vertebral and cerebral hemodynamics, compared to neutral or end-range neck rotation postures in adults with chronic neck pain
• Summarize the current state of the literature regarding the neurophysiological effects of high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulative therapy (HVLA-SMT) in asymptomatic and symptomatic humans
• Critique the existing, sham-controlled literature evaluating the acute changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) markers and function in patients receiving manipulation to spinal or peripheral joints

Hour 1

• Identify important spinal anatomy with relation to joint pain, degeneration and stabilization.
• Explain the efficacy of spinal manipulation (SM) for various clinical presentations
• Discuss current literature reviews regarding safety concerns and controversies with SM.
• Perform joint manipulative procedures to the spine and pelvis

 Hour 2

• Discuss common clinical anatomy related to the trunk and torso, with practically to joint manipulation.
• Examine the thoracic and lumbar spine through important clinical landmarks and topical anatomical structures.
• Perform alternative manipulative procedures to the spine and pelvis

 Hour 3

• Discuss common clinical anatomy related to the head, and neck.
• Examine the cervical spine through important clinical landmarks and topical anatomical structures.
• Perform joint manipulative procedures for cervical spine.
• Perform manipulative and mobilization procedures to the temporomandibular joints.

• Examine the effect of chiropractic manipulation on reaction and response time in combat-ready special operations forces qualified personnel
• Assess the influence of chiropractic care on the strength, balance, and/or endurance in active-duty United States military personnel
• Evaluate the impact of upper- vs lower-extremity chiropractic manipulation on postural sway and dual task performance
• Provide an update regarding the mechanisms of action for manual therapy, the impact of manual therapy on pain management, health care conditions for which manual therapy may be beneficial and treatment plans

Hour 1

• Review common foot and ankle anatomy.
• Evaluate the foot and ankle.
• Perform physical and neurological examinations and tests related to the foot and ankle.
• Identify uncomplicated common conditions during the evaluation of the foot and ankle.

 Hour 2

• Discuss evidence-based literature suggesting the practically of manipulation of the foot and ankle.
• Perform adjustments of the foot.
• Perform adjustments of the ankle.
• Utilize a speeder/toggle board for the foot.

 Hour 3

• Describe the impact of disturbances on the determinant factors of health in the structures of the foot and ankle
• Apply corrective and preventative measures to conditions affecting the health of the foot and ankle
• Utilize evidence-based low technology rehabilitative methods to manage patient care of common foot and ankle conditions.
• User strategies to address challenges patients have with adhering to rehabilitative programs.

Hour 1

• Review common hand, wrist and shoulder anatomy.
• Evaluate the hand write and shoulder.
• Perform physical and neurological examinations and tests related to hand wrist and shoulder.
• Identify uncomplicated common conditions during the evaluation of the hand wrist and shoulder

Hour 2

• Discuss evidence-based literature suggesting the practically of manipulation of the hand, wrist and shoulder.
• Perform adjustments of the hand.
• Perform adjustments of the wrist.
• Perform adjustments of the shoulder

Hour 3

• Describe the impact of disturbances on the determinant factors of health in the structures of the hand, wrist and shoulder
• Apply corrective and preventative measures to conditions affecting the health of the hand, wrist and shoulder
• Utilize evidence-based low technology rehabilitative methods to manage patient care of common hand, wrist and shoulder
• User strategies to address challenges patients have with adhering to rehabilitative programs.

• Contrast historical versus neuroanatomical theories of acupuncture
• Describe the 4 basic mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia.
• Identify and utilize the local, segmental and central effects of acupuncture for neuropathy pain control
• Combine nutraceutical substances that may enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture
• Prepare a comprehensive acupuncture point prescription for maximum analgesic effects in patients suffering from neuropathy 
• Contrast real versus placebo acupuncture and discuss the pitfalls in placebo controlled trials
• Utilized knowledge of the effects of acupuncture on GABA, Glutamate & 5HTP to maximize acupuncture analgesia in neuropathy patients
• Utilize basic pharmacognosy to support and enhance the neurotransmitter effects of acupuncture
• Apply sensory stimulation techniques to promote Neurotrophic factors in nerve repair and regeneration
• Apply the basic science of acupuncture as a bridge to non-invasive neuromodulation in neuropathy patients

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Neurology 116 through Neurology 124

• Relate the effects of voltage gated sodium and calcium channels to the development of neuropathy
• Draw the pathways specific of TRPs, NaV 1.8 and CaV 3.2 ion channels in the nervous system
• Understand the application of selective NaV 1.8 and CaV 3.2 channel blockers in patients with neuropathy
• Discuss basic science research that links ion channels with the signs and symptoms of neuropathy
• Utilize the neurobiology of the Rubber Hand phenomena to treat patients with peripheral neuropathy.
• Discuss various ion channels and their roles in neuron hyper-excitability related to neuropathy
• Utilize natural substances that modulate ions channels related to neuropathy
• Differentiate the roles of Protein Kinase C and Aldose Reductase  in neuropathy
• Identify potential signaling pathways that are targets of neuromodulation through natural substances
• Prepare a comprehensive natural-substance management strategy for patients with neuropathy

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Neurology 117 through Neurology 121

• Discuss how insulin signaling abnormalities can directly and indirectly contribute to neuropathy
• Utilize natural substances that modulate insulin signaling pathways
• Differentiate the roles of Endocannabinoid receptors in pain processing versus recreation “High”
• Create a strategy to modulation Endocannabinoids receptors with legal natural substances for pain relief
• Understand the role of Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) in the development of symptoms of neuropathy and also the role of NGF promoting natural substances which may stimulate repair and regeneration.

• Utilize natural substances as neurotransmitter based treatments for neuropathy.
• Identify GABA modulating substances and their effects on GABA metabolism and GABA receptors
• Utilize natural substances that modulate Glutamate metabolism and receptors
• Differentiate the roles of GABA, Glutamate and Glycine receptors in pain processing
• Create a strategy to modulation neurotransmitter receptors using natural substances for pain relief

• Compared and contrast usual transcutaneous nerve stimulation techniques (TENs) with techniques of non-invasive neuromodulation using High Voltage Pulsed Galvanic stimulation
• Identify the anatomical location of electrode placement for central and peripheral non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Differentiate various forms of peripheral versus central non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Discuss the theory of application and be able to apply techniques of non-invasive neuromodulation in practice.
• Create a strategy for neuromodulation of the patient suffering from neuropathy
• Identify appropriate choices of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques for a patient suffering from neuropathy.
• Breakdown risk versus benefits of neuromodulation and be able to discuss them with the patient suffering from neuropathy
• Appraise a neuropathy patient and construct a comprehensive neuropathy treatment plan which includes non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Breakdown and discuss the investigational nature of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques and understand the importance of obtaining written informed consent before proceeding with non-invasive neuromodulation in neuropathy patients
• Comprehend the basic electronics of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques.

• Discuss stimulation parameters for using High Voltage Galvanic stimulation for neuromodulation
• Identify optimal ranges for pulse-width, milli-AMPs, phase and other parameters of electrical stimulation
• Differentiate and choose optimal types of electrical stimulation (TENS vs. HVG) for clinician applications
• Draw out the neuro-anatomical pathways of vagal nerve stimulation and use this information to guide appropriate use of vagal nerve stimulation in clinical practice
• Discuss the investigational nature of tVNS, potential risk-benefits, with patients and construct a treatment plan using tVNS with a properly informed and consenting patient.

• Understand the differences and similarities between TENs, low voltage and high voltage galvanic and be able to use this knowledge to select the most appropriate type to stimulation for use in ts-DC applications
• Apply precautions, other safety considerations and informed consent when administering high voltage galvanic stimulation for non-invasive spinal cord stimulation.
• Craft evidence-based treatment strategies using ts-DC stimulation for pain control and modulation of both ascending sensory and descending motor pathways based on recently published literature on central nervous systems effects of direct current stimulation.
• Be able to select optimal electrode placement for ts-DC based on clinical presentation of the patient
• Understand the basic technique for non-invasive Stellate Ganglion transcutaneous stimulation and its possible application for sympathetic maintained pain.

• Discuss the history of GVS and the historic use of GVS as diagnostic procedure.
• Identify the effects of GVS on the nervous system and use this information to construct an effective clinical protocol for his/her patient
• Apply GVS as an adjunct procedure to assist in balance rehabilitation.
• Understand and apply GVS as part of a comprehensive strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes.
• Create a treatment protocol in terms of electrode placement, intensity, duration and precautions for the use of GVS in clinical practice.

• Communicate the risks, potential benefits and the investigational nature of tDC with a potential patient for the purpose of securing a written informed consent prior to treatment
• Understand the similarities and differences between low voltage direct current and high voltage pulsed galvanic and how to apply knowledge of their polarity specific effects in clinical neuromodulation
• Identify brain targets for neuromodulation and construct a therapeutic electrode montage, treatment protocol in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and dose of tDC 
• Explain the theory of tDC as it relates to pain modulation based on contemporaneous scientific literature
• Apply tDC  as an adjunct procedure to assist in intractable pain relief

• Design an effective nutrition treatment program for carpal tunnel syndrome
• Develop a nutritional treatment program for Multiple Sclerosis
• Investigate the role of nutrition and supplements in regards to the treatment of headaches
• Understand how nutrition and nutrition supplements can influence dementia
• Identify appropriate diet and supplement agents in the treatment of dementia

• Explain the complex multidimensional and individual specific nature of pain
• Present the theories and science for understanding pain
• Define the terminology for describing pain and associated conditions
• Describe the impact of pain on society
• Explain how cultural, institutional, societal and regulatory influences affect assessment and management of pain  
• Use valid and reliable tools for measuring pain and associated symptoms to assess and reassess outcomes as appropriate for the clinical context and population.
• Describe patient, provider, and system factors that can facilitate or interfere with effective pain assessment and management
• Assess patient preferences and values to determine pain-related goals and priorities
• Demonstrate empathetic and compassionate communication during pain assessment

• Explain the complex multidimensional and individual specific nature of pain
• Present the theories and science for understanding pain
• Define the terminology for describing pain and associated conditions
• Describe the impact of pain on society
• Explain how cultural, institutional, societal and regulatory influences affect assessment and management of pain  
• Use valid and reliable tools for measuring pain and associated symptoms to assess and reassess outcomes as appropriate for the clinical context and population.
• Describe patient, provider, and system factors that can facilitate or interfere with effective pain assessment and management
• Assess patient preferences and values to determine pain-related goals and priorities
• Demonstrate empathetic and compassionate communication during pain assessment
• Demonstrate the inclusion of patient and others, in the education and shared decision-making process for pain care
• Identify treatment options that can be assessed in a comprehensive pain management plan
• Explain how health promotion and self-management strategies are important to the management of pain
• Develop a pain treatment plan based on benefits and risks of available treatments
• Monitor the effects of pain management approaches to adjust the plan of care as needed
• Differentiate physical dependence, substance use disorder, misuse, tolerance, addiction, and nonadherence
• Develop a treatment plan that accounts for the differences between acute pain, acute-on-chronic pain, chronic/persistent pain, and pain at end of life
• Describe the unique pain assessment and management needs of special populations
• Explain how to assess and manage pain across settings and transitions of care
• Describe the role, scope of practice, and contribution of the different professions within a pain management care team
• Implement an individualized pain management plan that integrates the perspectives of patients, their social support systems, and health care providers in the context of available resources
• Describe the role of the clinician as an advocate in assisting patients to meet treatment goals

• Demonstrate the inclusion of patient and others, in the education and shared decision-making process for pain care
• Identify treatment options that can be assessed in a comprehensive pain management plan
• Explain how health promotion and self-management strategies are important to the management of pain
• Develop a pain treatment plan based on benefits and risks of available treatments
• Monitor the effects of pain management approaches to adjust the plan of care as needed
• Differentiate physical dependence, substance use disorder, misuse, tolerance, addiction, and nonadherence
• Develop a treatment plan that accounts for the differences between acute pain, acute-on-chronic pain, chronic/persistent pain, and pain at end of life
• Describe the unique pain assessment and management needs of special populations
• Explain how to assess and manage pain across settings and transitions of care
• Describe the role, scope of practice, and contribution of the different professions within a pain management care team
• Implement an individualized pain management plan that integrates the perspectives of patients, their social support systems, and health care providers in the context of available resources
• Describe the role of the clinician as an advocate in assisting patients to meet treatment goals

Hour 1

• Describing common conditions affecting the middle aged adult, including the following: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, disc herniations, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and abdominal aortic aneurysms
• Observing diagnostic imaging related to each of the above conditions and determining the best imaging modality to use for the various conditions
• Determining appropriate prevention and ancillary treatments for the discussed conditions

Hour 2

• Analyzing obesity through assessment and intervention
• Discussing breast cancer diagnostic imaging and disease management
• Diagnosing and treating congestive heart failure
• Evaluating diagnosis and treatment options for the osteoporosis patient

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Xray 155 through Xray 165

• Outline the utility of bone scintigraphy in the pediatric population
• Summarize basic bone physiology & radiopharmaceutical dosing
• Discuss image acquisition and analyze scans for signs of pathology
• Identify common clinical indications for pediatric bone scintigraphy
• Recognize the various imaging phases of bone scintigraphy and their clinical utility

• Review the pathophysiology of spondylolisthesis
• Evaluate the two classifications of spondylolisthesis
• Classify transitional segments
• Determine necessity and efficacy of imaging of spondylolisthesis and transitional segments

• Differential diagnosis osteopenia and its relevance towards Chiropractic practice
• Identify imaging features of osteopenia
• Recognize ominous features of osteopenia
• Select appropriate chiropractic treatments for the osteoporotic patient

• Identify the risk factors for breast cancer – preventable and non-preventable.
• Determine appropriate diagnostic imaging for screening and breast cancer assessment.
• Investigate different CAM approaches to breast cancer prevention and symptom management.

• In plain film radiographs, identify the orthopedic hardware used to treat femur, humerus, tibia, and radius fractures.
• Discuss special situations for fracture repair, such as osteoporosis, metastasis, pediatrics, and obesity.
• Review various fracture risk assessment tools that can be used in clinical practice.
• Evaluate when various hardware such as screws, nails, and plates are utilized.

• Identifying vertebral characteristic features on plain film for the following diagnoses: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Neurofibromatosis-1, Multiple myeloma, Paget's disease of bone, and vertebral compression fractures.
• Determining what advanced imaging might be warranted for each of the vertebral conditions.
• Describing general features of each condition such as incidence, clinical presentation and treatment options.

• Determine the incidence and the characteristics of different spine pathology.
• Demonstrate, with plain film radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, characteristics of central nervous system tumors and metastasis, syringomyelia, disc herniation, and trauma.
• Identify clinical features and treatment for various spine pathologies.

• Understand the general features of the inflammatory arthritides
• Discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic features, and chiropractic treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic features, and chiropractic treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Compare the two most common inflammatory arthritides – Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis – to the other diseases in this category
• Compare the inflammatory arthritides to the most common arthritide – osteoarthritis

• Differentiate Rheumatoid Arthritis from Ankylosing Spondylitis, the two most common inflammatory arthritides.
• Differentiate Rheumatoid Arthritis from Erosive Osteoarthritis, both hand arthritides.
• Differentiate Degenerative from Inflammatory arthritis.
• Differentiate Osteoarthritis from Gout, the most common arthritide and the most common metabolic arthritide respectively.

• Learn a systematic approach to feature identification of arthritis
• Identify radiographic features of arthritis
• Develop a differential diagnosis of arthritis
• Apply knowledge to classify unknown cases