Alabama Physical Therapy Assistant Continuing Education

• Demonstrate the importance of communicating in an ethical manner and what that entails
• Develop an understanding of what 'spin' is, why it is unethical and how to monitor and minimize/stop it
• Evaluate the barriers to effective and ethical communication
• Develop an understanding of exactly what takes place/needs to take place during the provider/client interaction
• Discover what it is that patients want from their visits to a provider
• Appraise how to deal with challenging clients and situations
• Discover how to become a skilled helper by studying the tools of communication
• Apply listening skills to the provider's repertoire
• Demonstrate the importance of the impact of nonverbal communication on the caregiver/client relationship
• Develop, analyze and apply the verbal and nonverbal skills that will help to gather information and support the patient effectively
• Write an Ethical Communication Protocol (EPC) for your practice

• Define anti-aging medicine
• Compare and contrast the differing opinions on anti-aging medicine
• List the moral questions associate with the anti-aging movement
• Describe how the anti-aging movement is viewed from a feminist perspective

• Describe the moral questions concerning home care for the elderly
• Identify the relationship between the cared for and the care giver
• Explain the focus of governmental programs for dependent elderly care
• List the values necessary to support elder care at home

• Outline the history of the nursing home
• Describe the evolution of bioethical thought on nursing home care
• List strategies for creating a more ethical nursing home environment
• Ways nursing homes can aid residents in addressing end-of-life concerns

• Give examples of the roots of an ageist attitude in the United States
• Describe the dynamics of the power relationship between care giver and cared for
• Explain the issues involved in setting boundaries in the institutional environment
• Describe the difference between independent and relational autonomy

• Define elder abuse, neglect and self-neglect
• Describe the “expressive – collaborative” model of approaching ethics
• Compare and contrast the classical definition of autonomy with “actual autonomy”
• Explain how remaining in an abusive / neglectful environment may constitute the best alternative for an individual

• Cite the historical perspective on senility
• Describe how the pervasive bioethical viewpoint affects the experience of people with dementia
• Explain the concepts of dignity
• Compare and contrast various definitions of dignity relative to those with dementia

• List the foundational assumptions that define advance care planning in the United States
• Differentiate hospice care from palliative care
• Describe the issues that arise when individual choice is the main focus of advance care planning
• Explain how the modern culture of medicine influences end – of – life care
• Compare and contrast the current approach towards end – of – life care with the authors. “bottom up,” approach

• Cite examples of how the elderly have been marginalized during disasters
• Define what is meant by the “axes of susceptibility”
• Identify the ethical obligation to the elderly during major disasters
• Describe how planning, communication and coordination is an ethical imperative in disasters
• Explain the concept of “place holding,” and how it fits into disaster planning

• Define morality and ethics and distinguish between the two
• Describe three moralities that health professionals must integrate into their own moral life
• Identify some major sources of moral beliefs in Western societies
• Distinguish between an ethical issue and ethical problem
• List three ways that ethics is useful in everyday professional practice
• Describe what material cooperation entails
• Identify some mechanisms available to protect the personal moral convictions of health professionals

• Identify the goal of professional ethics activity.
• Describe the basic idea of a caring response and some ways this response in a professional relationship is distinguished from expressions of care in other types of relationships.
• Identify three component parts of any ethical problem.
• Describe what an agent is and, more importantly, what it is to be a moral agent.
• Name the three prototypical ethical problems.
• Describe the role of emotions in ethical distress.
• Distinguish between two varieties of ethical distress.
• Compare the fundamental difference between ethical distress and an ethical dilemma.
• Define ethical paternalism or parentalism.
• Describe a type of ethical dilemma that challenges a professionals desire (and duty) to treat everyone fairly and equitably.
• Identify the fundamental difference between distress or dilemma problems and locus of authority problems.
• Identify four criteria that will assist you in deciding who should assume authority for a specific ethical decision to achieve a caring response.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT
• Indiana PTs - become familiar with the IN PT Rules and Practice Act
• Texas PTs - become familiar with the TX PT Rules and Practice Act
• Utah PTs - become familiar with the UT PT Rules and Practice Act

• Identify six steps in the analysis of ethical problems encountered in everyday professional life and how each plays a part in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe the central role of narrative and virtue theories in gathering relevant information for a caring response.
• List four areas of inquiry that will be useful when gathering relevant information to make sure you have the story straight.
• Describe the role of conduct-related ethical theories and approaches in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe why imagination is an essential aspect of seeking out the practical alternatives in an ethically challenging situation.
• Discuss how courage assists you in a caring response.
• Identify two benefits of taking time to reflect on and evaluate the action afterward.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT's

The Analysis of Ethical Problems in Professional life

• Identify six steps in the analysis of ethical problems encountered in everyday professional life and how each plays a part in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe the central role of narrative and virtue theories in gathering relevant information for a caring response.
• List four areas of inquiry that will be useful when gathering relevant information to make sure you have the story straight.
• Describe the role of conduct-related ethical theories and approaches in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe why imagination is an essential aspect of seeking out the practical alternatives in an ethically challenging situation.
• Discuss how courage assists you in a caring response.
• Identify two benefits of taking time to reflect on and evaluate the action afterward.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT's

Ethics of Confidential Information

• Define the terms confidential information and confidentiality.
• Identify the relationship of a patient's legal right to privacy with his reasonable expectations regarding confidential information.
• Describe how the telling and keeping of secrets is relevant to understanding the importance of confidentiality.
• Discuss the ethical norms involved in keeping and breaking professional confidences.
• Name five general legal exceptions to the professional standard of practice that confidences should not be broken.
• Consider practical options that a professional can take when faced with the possibility of breaking a confidence.
• Discuss some important aspects of documentation that affect confidentiality.
• Compare ethical issues of confidentiality traditionally conceived with those that have arisen because of computerized medical records and patient care information systems.
• Describe the key ethical strengths and challenges of the recent U.S. federal regulations related to privacy considerations (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996).
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Review and become familiar with the TX PT Rules
• Read case scenarios illustrating ethical decision making

Informed Consent

• Describe three basic legal concepts that led to the doctrine of informed consent.
• Describe three approaches to determining the disclosure standard for judging that a patient or client has been informed.
• Discuss three major aspects of the process of obtaining informed consent.
• Distinguish "general consent" from "special consent" documents.
• Differentiate between the never-competent and once-competent patient or client and the challenges posed by each in regard to informed consent.
• Compare informed consent as it is used in health care practice and in human studies research.
• Describe some considerations one must always take into account to be sure one is being culturally competent and honoring cultural difference when informed consent is the standard.

• Define the terms confidential information and confidentiality.
• Identify the relationship of a patient's legal right to privacy with his reasonable expectations regarding confidential information.
• Describe how the telling and keeping of secrets is relevant to understanding the importance of confidentiality.
• Discuss the ethical norms involved in keeping and breaking professional confidences.
• Name five general legal exceptions to the professional standard of practice that confidences should not be broken.
• Consider practical options that a professional can take when faced with the possibility of breaking a confidence.
• Discuss some important aspects of documentation that affect confidentiality.
• Compare ethical issues of confidentiality traditionally conceived with those that have arisen because of computerized medical records and patient care information systems.
• Describe the key ethical strengths and challenges of the recent U.S. federal regulations related to privacy considerations (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996).
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Review and become familiar with the TX PT Rules
• Read case scenarios illustrating ethical decision making

• Describe three basic legal concepts that led to the doctrine of informed consent.
• Describe three approaches to determining the disclosure standard for judging that a patient or client has been informed.
• Discuss three major aspects of the process of obtaining informed consent.
• Distinguish "general consent" from "special consent" documents.
• Differentiate between the never-competent and once-competent patient or client and the challenges posed by each in regard to informed consent.
• Compare informed consent as it is used in health care practice and in human studies research.
• Describe some considerations one must always take into account to be sure one is being culturally competent and honoring cultural difference when informed consent is the standard.

• Review different bodywork approaches in the treatment of fibromyalgia
• Compare and contrast 3 patterns of dysfunction seen in patients with fibromyalgia
• Examine the soft tissue stress response sequence
• Differentiate responses between postural and phasic muscles
• Discuss important tests involved in the assessment and treatment of patients with fibromyalgia
• Examine the neuromuscular technique
• Describe 3 Muscle Energy Techniques
• Analyze positional release variations and rules of treatment
• Become familiar with respiratory function assessments and responses
• Outline a summary of soft tissue approaches to treat fibromyalgia

• Discuss the treatment of fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for fibromyalgia
• Outline and describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of fibromyalgia
• Describe the pharmacological management of fibromyalgia
• Describe 5 functional outcomes in chronic muscle pain

Part I: OA of the Ankle Joint

• List 5 predisposing factors of OA of the ankle joint
• Explain the diagnosis of OA of the ankle joint
• Describe 5 functional impairments as a result of OA of the ankle joint
• Outline various management strategies for the treatment of OA including pharmacological, physical, surgical and educational strategies
• Explain the future directions for research and management of OA of the ankle joint

Part II: Rheumatic Disease

• Examine the classification system for rheumatic diseases
• Outline and explain components involved in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease including diagnostic markers, disease activity, imaging, history, clinical exam and blood investigations
• Describe management strategies for early treatment
• Examine general foot health management
• Assess goal-directed treatment strategies

Part III: Gout

• Investigate the prevalence of gout
• Outline and describe the pathogenesis of gout
• Identify management strategies including pharmacological, physical, surgical and education strategies for the management of gout
• Examine and outline the diagnosis and classification for the diagnosis of gout

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Forefoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Rearfoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of plantar fasciitis
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of high-energy injury calcaneal fractures
• Describe the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of calcaneal stress fractures

• Recognize the prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Describe anatomy of the Achilles tendon
• List 5 signs and symptoms and describe diagnostic imaging for making a diagnosis of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Explain and outline 5 functional impairments as a result of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Compare and contrast 3 extrinsic vs. 3 intrinsic risk factors for developing Achilles Tendinopathy
• Summarize and identify 2 future directions for the study of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Analyze and practice 3 management strategies for the best approach to treating Achilles Tendinopathy

• List 5 predisposing factors to stress fracture and differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic factors
• List 5 conditions that must be ruled out when performing differential diagnosis for stress fracture
• Explain the process for confirming a diagnosis of stress fracture
• Describe and compare various management strategies and outcomes in the treatment of stress fractures
• Discuss future directions and needed research in the field of managing stress fractures

Part I: Plantar Fasciitis

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for plantar fasciitis
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with planter fasciitis
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of plantar fasciitis
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after plantar fasciitis surgery
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of plantar fasciitis

Part II: Midfoot Sprains and Strains:

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for midfoot sprains/strains
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for midfoot sprains/strains
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of midfoot sprains/strains

Part III: Fifth Metatarsal Fractures

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative reha after surgery for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of fifth metatarsal fractures

Part IV: First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (Turf Toe)

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for turf toe
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with turf toe
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of turf toe
• List 3 criteria for return to sport
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of turf toe

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 2 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of achilles tendon rupture
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after achilles tendon rupture
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part I: Ankle Sprains, Fractures and Chondral Injuries

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of lateral and syndesmotic sprains
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral ankle ligament repair and reconstruction
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral and medial ankle fractures
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after microfracture or chondral injuries of the ankle
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part II: Ankle Impingement

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle impingement
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle impingement
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for ankle impingement
• Identify 5 factors involved in returning to soccer after surgery for posterior ankle impingement
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

Part III: Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonopathy

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

• Define plantar fasciitis
• List 3 differential diagnosis
• Enumerate 3 or more signs and symptoms
• Describe 2 main components of a foot examination
• Examine and summarize 3 surgical options
• Outline and describe rehabilitation protocols for plantar fasciitis

• Outline the pattern of drug use in older adults
• List 5 common adverse drug reactions in older adults
• Define and differentiate drug classes commonly used in older adults and their impact on therapy
• Become familiar with drugs used for treatment of pain, cardiac conditions, respiratory and gastrointestinal drugs
• Outline strategies for coordinating therapy with drug treatment

• Outline and describe the role of physical activity for older adults
• Outline the physical stress theory
• Outline and define 5 elements of an exercise prescription
• Become familiar with 5 types of exercises for older adults including aquatics, Tai Chi, stretching, strengthening and plyometrics

• Outline characteristics of depression and methods of assessment in older adults
• Define and differentiate 5 common depression scales
• Become familiar with drugs used in depression
• Outline and understand the cognitive decline and dementia in older adults
• Compare and contrast dementia and alzheimer's disease in older adults and 3 methods of management

• Analyze 3 reasons for the importance of the chart review in the evaluation of the acute and medically complex patient
• List 5 causes and clinical signs of electrolyte abnormality
• Review and describe 5 causes and signs of acid-base imbalances
• Outline the process of completing a systems review of the patient
• Become familiar with signs and symptoms of nutrional deficiency
• Outline signs associated with coronary artery disease and heart failure
• Outline signs associated with sepsis, vertigo, dehydration and metabolic syndrome

• Define 3 factors that influence aerobic capacity in older adults
• Describe the physiology of aerobic capacity and exercise
• List tests and measures to assess aerobic capacity and endurance
• Describe commonly used scales including angina, dyspnea, claudication and perceived exertion scales
• Review and outline 3 methods for evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis of older adults with aerobic impairment
• List and describe 5 interventions used with older adults with aerobic impairment

• Outline changes in muscle structure and function associated with aging
• Outline changes in metabolic function associated with aging
• Become familiar with evidence-supported suggestions for resistance training
• Describe adaptations in muscle power, strength, size and composition with resistance exercise
• Discuss nutritional intake as a countermeasure for sarcopenia

• Define and differentiate common motor control impairments including paresis, abnormal tone, fractionated movement deficits, ataxia, hypokinesia, somatosensory loss, and perceptual deficits
• Outline and explain at least 5 tests to assess motor control impairment
• Become familiar with diagnosis and prognosis of motor control impairments
• Compare and contrast 3 movement system diagnostic categories for motor control impairments
• Discuss current evidence underlying impaired motor control interventions

• Differentiate normal and abnormal postures
• List and define 5 age-related changes that influence spinal alignment
• Explain common spinal conditions such as osteoporosis, spinal osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis
• Outline and describe the role of therapy in managing patients with postural dysfunctions
• Become familiar with evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and developing plan of care with patients with postural dysfunction
• Examine external supports used with patients with postural dysfunction

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Ambulation: Impact of Age-Related Changes on Functional Mobility

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Differentiate normal age-related changes in gait vs those resulting from pathology
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Balance and Falls

• Understand the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline tests and measures for balance and falls
• Understand the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Outline and describe the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine 5 evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline 3 tests and measures for balance and falls
• Describe the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Explain the mechanism of continence
• Outline the pathophysiology of incontinence
• List 3 risk factors for urinary incontinence
• Become familiar with 3 interventions for incontinence including pelvic floor muscle exercises, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, behavioral interventions, weight loss, fluid management, pharmacologic interventions and more
• Describe the physical exam in regards to incontinence
• Become familiar with 5 outcome measures for urinary incontinence

• Become familiar with the prevalence, challenges and costs of pain management in older adults
• Describe the biophysical model of persistent pain
• List age-related changes associated with pain
• Outline methods of examination and evaluation of the patient with pain
• Outline a plan of care and list 5 interventions for patients with pain
• Review case studies that highlight clinical management of pain

• Summarize the importance of wellness for the aging adult
• Identify and describe 3 domains of wellness
• Outline methods of screening for physical activity and wellness programs
• Review baseline measure for physical activity and exercise focused wellness programs
• List the importance of strength training and aerobic training and the enhancement of mobility

• Define and describe the concept of a "good death"
• Outline and describe the physiological process of dying
• Examine 3 progressive changes that occur in the final months or terminal phase
• List 5 physiologic signs of approaching death
• List 5 psychosocial and spiritual signs, symptoms and interventions for the actively dying
• Become familiar with hospice and palliative care
• Review models of physical therapy practice in hospice and palliative care

• Describe the association between footwear and falls and list 5 suboptimal design features which contributes to falls
• List 5 common changes that occur in the foot with age and why ill-fitting shoes are a precursor to falls
• List and describe 5 common risk factors for falls in individuals with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease
• Describe future new directions and novel footwear devices that are being used to provide substitute sensory cues at the feet to help improve balance and gait
• Describe how footwear, insoles, and orthoses are gaining popularity as an integral component of falls prevention strategies

• Discuss the demographics and scope of problem of falls
• Outline and describe 6 key conditions that should be included in a patient assessment when considering fall risk
• List 4 risk factors, including neurologic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, that are associated with gait and balance disorders
• Describe the 8 components that are key factors in the physical examination when evaluating an older adult for risk of falling
• Outline and describe pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for the prevention and management of falls

• Define and differentiate static vs dynamic balance
• Outline and describe the role of balance in ADL’s
• Define and differentiate intrinsic vs. extrinsic risk factors for falls and provide 3 examples of each
• List and describe 3 different evidence-based fall prevention programs recommended for patients, including; AMOB, Tai Ji Juan, Otago
• Describe the role of clinicians in fall prevention strategies

• Describe the evidence for Pilates based exercise to enhance balance for seniors 
• Name the global/local core stabilizers and their function 
• Describe 2 Pilates based seated exercises and their goals 
• Describe 2 Pilates based standing exercises and their goals 
• Name 3 Pilates principles Describe the 3 systems integral to balance

• Breakdown the biomechanical processes of spinal degeneration
• Explain the biochemical processes that occur in the geriatric population in 
• Differentiate between various diagnosis of structural and chemical conditions seen in geriatric patients
• Analyze the radiological findings and how they influence clinical decisions
• Explain Syndrome X and how it affects physiology
• Differentiate trauma and its late effects on the body

• List 3 changes in the vascular structure that occur with age
• Discuss the endothelial function in aging
• Outline 5 effects of aging on the structure of the heart
• Describe the response of the aging heart on exercise
• Describe and analyze myocardial function in the aging heart at rest

• Outline 3 functions of the musculoskeletal system
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in articular cartilage
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in the skeleton including structural and metabolic changes
• List 3 changes that occur with aging in soft tissue
• Examine and list 5 consequences of bone and joint aging

• Describe attention and processing speed as it relates to aging
• Describe age-related changes that occur in short term and long term memory
• Become familiar with 1 method for evaluating executive functions
• List lifestyle factors associated with aging and describe how they may be affected
• Compare and describe how social activities and health factors are effected by cognitive aging

• Describe the clinical manifestations of CAD
• Outline and describe 5 techniques for diagnosis CAD
• List 5 risk factors for CAD
• Outline the protocol for therapy for stable angina
• Become familiar with acute coronary syndromes

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of hypertension
• Describe the pathogenesis associated with hypertension
• List 5 risk factors for hypertension
• Outline 5 complications of hypertension
• Describe the management and treatment of hypertension

• Become familiar with the incidence and epidemiology of COPD in the elderly
• Describe the pathogenesis of COPD
• Become familiar with medications used to treat asthma
• Outline management techniques for the treatment of asthma
• Examine and compare differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD

• Review and define definitions of dementia
• List 3 risk factors for dementia
• Become familiar with other disorders associated with dementia
• Describe clinical features in differential diagnosis of dementia
• Identify 3 key points of dementia

• Describe diagnostic criteria in the presentation of dementia
• Describe aspects of cognition, ADL and behavior affected by dementia
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for dementia
• Outline the management of dementia including pharmacologic and non drug therapies
• Review arguments for and against disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia

• Describe the pathology and mechanisms of Alzheimer's
• Describe the genetics of Alzheimer's
• Outline clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's
• Describe components of a clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's
• Review treatment for Alzheimer's
• List behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders
• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Describe two different criteria used to determine the prevalence of COPD
• List three factors that will contribute to the increased prevalence of COPD
• List and describe three physiologic changes that occur in the lung
• Describe 3 clinical symptoms associated with COPD and describe diagnosis including lung function tests and the use of chest CT scans
• Outline and examine 3 interventions commonly used in the management and treatment of COPD
• Describe the significance and goals of a pulmonary rehabilitation program

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Geriatrics 237 through Geriatrics 240

• List and describe 3 changes in lung structure associated with aging
• List and describe 3 changes in extrapulmonary structure
• Analyze 3 changes in respiratory mechanics that occur with aging and lead to predictable changes in lung function
• Describe changes in gas exchange that occur with aging
• Outline and describe the use of 2 lung function tests used in the elderly
• Describe the synergistic effect of age-related changes in lung structure and function on lung disease

• Outline and describe 5 mechanisms of dyspnea including; sensory receptors, afferent impulses, integration and processing within the central nervous system, psychological factors and neuromodulation
• Analyze 4 unique descriptors of dyspnea in the elderly including prevalence, impact, respiratory sensation and dyspnea during exercise
• Describe a comprehensive approach for assessment of the elderly individual with dyspnea
• List and describe 5 strategies used to relieve dyspnea
• Describe the role of acupuncture as an emerging treatment for dyspnea

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of lung cancer in the elderly and describe 2 risks and age-related disparities in lung cancer
• Define and differentiate local therapy vs. systemic therapy and give an example of each.
• Define and describe the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
• Describe local treatment strategies including; surgical resection, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation
• Describe systemic treatment strategies including; adjuvant chemotherapy, locally advanced disease, advanced disease, small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy and targeted therapies for actionable mutations

• Outline and describe the 4 categories for fall risk factors defined by the World Health Organization, including; biologic, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic
• Identify the 3 questions that should be asked of patients about fall history
• Outline 3 fall prevention interventions or areas of assessment
• Compare and contrast 4 evidence-based, community-based programs: A Matter of Balance, Otega Exercise Program, Stepping On and Tai Chi Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention
• Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention

• List and describe the 3 behavioral problems in people with dementia including apathy, agitation, and rejection of care/aggression
• Describe and differentiate agitation vs. rejection of care/aggression and list 1 key factor in symptom management of each condition
• List and describe 2 nonpharmacologic interventions that can be used in managing behavioral symptoms in people with dementia
• List 10 problematic behaviors that are commonly evaluated using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scale
• List 3 other conditions that include apathy as a feature or characteristic

• Describe the significance of depression and cardiovascular disease in the elderly
• Examine how depression can be diagnosed in elderly patients with CVD
• Describe the pathomechanics underlying depression and CVD 
• List 3 interventions for treating elderly with depression and CVD 
• Differentiate 5 key features between and early-onset and late-onset depression

• Describe the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the elderly population
• Define and differentiate different types of anxiety including social anxiety, panic disorders and specific phobias such as fear of falling
• Discuss anxiety disorder and how it effects special populations
• Compare and contrast late-life anxiety treatments
• Explore and analyze 3 clinical care innovations including primary care, home care, mindfulness-based interventions and electronic delivery options

• Describe 4 neuropsychological changes that occur in depression
• Examine the results seen on neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings in the brains of individuals with depression
• Explore 4 different psychotherapies used in the treatment of depression
• Describe 5 wholistic and other nontraditional approaches used in the treatment of depression
• Describe the use of brain stimulation in the treatment of depression

• Recognize and describe 5 different types of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia 
• Outline 3 causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and give examples of patient, caregiver and environmental factors 
• Describe nonpharmacologic or ecobiopsychosocial treatment options for persons with dementia  
• Examine how the DICE approach can help providers integrate prevention, assessment, and management of BPSD 
• Use the DICE approach as it relates to a case study with a person with early onset dementia

• Discuss the increasing prevalence of diabetes in older adults in the United States and elsewhere
• Describe how aging effects glucose metabolism
• Identify pathophysiologic factors in the development of Type 2 diabetes and how they are exaggerated in older adults
• Describe the screening process and recommendations for diabetes
• List the globally accepted criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes

• Discuss the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
• Discuss 2 lifestyle modifications used to achieve glycemic targets for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• List 5 medications used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• State which medication is used as the first-line pharmacotherapy
• Describe the goal-based algorithm recommended by the American Diabetes Association

• Identify and describe 3 risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
• List 3 tests that can be used to identify cognitive dysfunction
• Describe how cognitive function negatively impacts diabetes management
• List 7 self-care behaviors identified by American Association of Diabetes Educators for creating self-management goals 
• Describe 5 interventions that an OT can do for an individual with diabetes

• Describe PTSD Describe the impact that acute trauma has on older adults 
• Outline and describe 5 types of traumatic events 
• List and describe 5 outcomes that are associated with PTSD in the elderly 
• Summarize 2 treatment interventions for elderly with PTSD

Part I: Reducing Frailty to Promote Healthy Aging

• Identify the 3 components of frailty 
• List 5 criteria and describe the progression of frailty 
• Describe the pathophysiology of frailty along with 3 complications of frailty 
• Identify 3 screening tools for frailty 
• List and describe 5 tips for reducing frailty

Part II: Heathy Aging Across the Stages of Old Age

• Become familiar and describe definitions of healthy aging
• Describe key components of 3 different models of healthy aging including: the biomedical, psychosocial, multidimensional 
• List and describe 5 healthy goals of healthy aging across the stages of old age
• Discuss what will be needed moving forward in order to promote and support healthy aging across the lifespan
• List 5 specific areas being used for future discussion of healthy aging as described by the National Prevention Council on Healthy Aging Strategies

• Outline and describe 5 changes to the musculoskeletal system that occur with age 
• List and describe 8 benefits of exercises for healthy aging 
• Discuss the benefits of different types of exercise for various older adult-specific conditions 
• Describe 5 evidence and community-based exercise programs for community-dwelling older adults 
• Describe 5 evidenced-based exercise programs that are either home-based or designed for more frail older adults

• Become familiar with imaging techniques of the DRUJ
• Describe radiography for the DRUJ
• Describe scintigraphy for the DRUJ
• Compare and contrast CT scan and MRI of the DRUJ
• Outline procedures for postoperative imaging of the DRUJ

• Become familiar with arthroscopic and open repair techniques of the TFCC
• Describe the diagnosis of a TFCC injury
• Outline the classification of a TFCC injury
• Outline and describe examination techniques for a TFCC injury
• List treatment techniques for a TFCC injury
• Become familiar with the technique for arthroscopic debridement
• Outline the technique of an arthroscopic TFCC repair
• Outline the technique of an open TFCC repair

• Become familiar with ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the biomechanics of the ulnar side of the wrist
• Describe the examination and diagnosis of ulnar impaction syndrome
• Outline treatment techniques for ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the procedure for an ulnar-shortening osteotomy
• Outline the Wafer procedure for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome

• Describe the historical perspective on the etiology of RA
• Recite evidence of RA in literature and art
• Describe paleopathological evidence of RA
• Become familiar with contemporary research of RA
• Outline current hypotheses of RA

• Become familiar with advances in the medical treatment of RA
• Describe  articular and systemic effects of RA
• List 3 cardiovascular, bone and airway manifestations of RA
• Outline pharmaceutical options for the treatment of RA
• List 5 complications of medical treatment of RA
• Describe perioperative management of RA

• Outline controversies in the surgical treatment of RA
• Define the principles of surgical intervention of RA
• List 3 essential concepts in the surgical treatment of RA
• Describe 3 situations that are an indication for immediate surgery in the treatment of RA
• Become familiar with orthopedic procedures in the treatment of RA
• Describe the efficacy and indication of surgical treatment for RA including synovectomies, tenosynovectomies, wrist procedures, arthroplasties and procedures on IP joints

• Review normal elbow anatomy
• Describe pathophysiology of the rheumatoid elbow
• Discuss the clinical presentation of the rheumatoid elbow
• Outline management techniques including intraarticular injection, synovectomy, radial head excision
• Describe the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of the rheumatiod elbow
• Describe total arthroplasty in the treatment of the rheumatoid elbow
• Review 5 case studies highlighting the management of the rheumatoid elbow

• Describe normal anatomy of the thumb
• Outline classification and pathophysiology of the rheumatoid thumb
• Describe surgical management of boutonniere and swan neck deformity of the rheumatoid thumb
• List 3 technical tips for MCP arthroplasty  and IP joint arthordesis
• Review postoperative management of the rheumatoid thumb
• Become familiar with expected outcomes and prognosis

• Discuss the components included in an evaluation of the patient with DRF
• Outline and discuss the 3 phases of rehabilitation for DRF
• Differentiate treatment guidelines according to fracture management technique
• List and define 5 complications associated with DRF
• Discuss the importance of future research and exploration of DRF

• Become familiar with fractures at the distal humerus
• Become familiar with fractures of the olecranon process, capitellum, trochlea and radial head
• Outline and describe nonoperative and surgical treatment options
• Discuss complications of treatment
• Define and differentiate Type I, II and III fractures
• Compare and contrast dislocations of the elbow including exam, classification and treatment

• Describe and examine the histopathology of tendinopathies
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis
• Describe the presenting features of tennis elbow
• Outline components of a clinical exam for tennis elbow
• Outline and describe the phases of rehab for tennis elbow

• Outline and describe components of a comprehensive hand evaluation
• Describe techniques for testing intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand
• Describe manual muscle testing grades for muscles of the hand
• Perform tests to evaluate for intrinsic tightness and tightness of the oblique retinacular ligament
• Review testing procedures for grip and pinch strengths
• Describe nerve supply to the hand including motor and sensory function
• Review vascularity of the hand and describe the Allen's test

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the wrist
• Describe the relevance for the use of injection in diagnosing wrist pathologies
• Name the 5 zones of the wrist and list important structures within each zone
• Become familiar with conditions that may effect each of the 5 zones of the wrist
• Outline steps involved in performing the grind test
• Describe  various tests for assessing scaphoid instability
• Describe tests for assessing the TFCC and ulnar sided instability

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the elbow
• Outline components involved in the physical exam of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the medial side of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the lateral side of the elbow
• Describe tests for assessing conditions that effect the elbow

• Become familiar with techniques used for diagnostic imaging of the upper extremity
• Describe and differentiate imaging techniques used to evaluate the UE
• Describe the technique of various imaging methods such as bone scintigraphy, tomography, arteriography, MRI and more
• List 3 complications that may result from the use of arteriography
• Describe the indications for the use of each imaging technique
• Outline and describe clinical applications and the use of each diagnostic imaging technique

• Become familiar witih postoperative rehab techniques following surgery for Dupuytren's
• Describe care of the patient with Dupuytren's disease during the first 2 weeks following surgery
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during the 2nd and 3rd week
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during week 4-6
• List and describe complications that may occur with surgery for Dupuytren's
• Outline grading systems used to evaluate flare-up following surgery

• List 4 indications for the surgical intervention of Dupuytren's disease
• Describe the presenting symptoms of Dupuytren's disease
• Outline the pathoanatomy and the structures involved in Dupuytren's disease
• List 4 types of surgery commonly used for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease
• Review various studiesand results involving the use of collagenase
• List and describe complications commonly seen in Dupuytren's disease
• Become familiar with post operative management of hand therapy following Dupuytrens surgery

• Describe the history, physical exam and radiographic assessement performed for each patient with a fracture
• List 5 goals of fracture management
• Outline, describe and differentiate fracture classification systems
• Evaluate and describe various choices for fracture fixation including the use of external fixators, Kirschner wires, screws and plates
• Briefly describe the occurances of what happens during each stage of fracture healing
• List and describe complications following surgery for fracture management

• Become familiar with the management of hand and wrist tendinopathies
• Describe the pathology involved in stenosing tendovaginitis
• List and describe 3 principles and interventions for managing tendinopathies
• Outline the anatomy and pathomechanics involved in trigger finger
• Describe the pathology, diagnosis and management of de Quervain's
• Describe the anatomy and management of intersection syndrome
• Become familiar with tenosynovitis associated with systemic disorders and infections

• Become familiar with the evaluation of tissue specific impairments as a result of Dupuytren's disease
• List and describe 2 advances in surgical management of Dupuytren's disease
• List criteria for needle aponeurotomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease  
• List 5 short-term side effects from the Xiaflex injection in the treatment of Dupuytren's
• Become familiar with advanced in hand therapy management of Dupuytren's

• Review treatment methods for CMC arthritis
• Review the procedure of LRTI arthroplasty
• Discuss hand therapy rehab protocol following LRTI procedure
• Become familiar with technological advances and surgical devices being used to treat CMC arthritis
• List 5 considerations for new technology for thumb CMC arthritis
• Become familiar with the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• Read a case study related to the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• List 2 risks for the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure

• Become familiar with the neurotoxin Botulinum A
• Undertstand its current uses as an adjunct form of treatment in hand conditions
• Review its role in the treatment of stroke and spasticity, focal dystonia, vasospastic disorders, Raynaud's and other conditions
• Discuss its role in the use of pain syndromes
• Outline the complications and risk of botox

• List 3 indications, principles and considerations for nerve transfers
• Become familiar with nerve transfers for restoring function to the upper extremity
• Review transfer techniques for isolated radial, median and ulnar nerve injuries

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 1 - 2

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 3

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Discuss the history DD and how this condition got its name
• List 5 common risk factors for developing DD
• Describe the epidemiology of DD
• Describe 2 common signs and symptoms of DD including which digits are most commonly involved and which digits are generally spared
• Examine and describe the normal anatomy and the significance of the palmar aponeurosis
• Describe the pathogenesis of DD including defining and differentiating between the 3 stage of the disease: proliferative, involutional, residual
• Outline common steps involved in making a diagnosis of DD
• List and describe 3 conservative treatment interventions including the advantages of each
• Describe the role of hand therapy in the treatment of DD
• List 5 possible complications following surgery

• Identify 3 key components to a through wrist examination
• List the 3 dorsal zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• List the 2 volar zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• Name the 6 extensor compartments of the wrist and list the tendons located within each compartment
• Describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect the extensor tendons
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each dorsal zone of the wrist
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each volar zone of the wrist
• Describe 1 test used to assess scaphoid instability
• Explain the significance of the Allen’s test
• List and describe 2 tests used to identify Median Nerve compression

• Identify and describe 5 examination components used for evaluating a pt after DRF
• List and describe 4 factors that can influence the progression of therapy with a pt after DFR
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of therapy (early, motion/mobilization, function/strength phase)
• Describe 3 interventions to increase motion of the joints, tendons and intrinsic muscles of a pt after DRF
• Outline and describe the function and strength phase of rehabilitation
• List 2 key points for a HEP Identify and describe 3 common complications after DRF

• Describe the bony anatomy of the carpus and identify the 8 individual bones of the wrist
• Locate and identify the joints that make up the wrist including the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
• List and identify 5 ligaments that play a role in stabilizing the carpus
• Discuss the vascular anatomy of the carpus and list 2 sources of blood supply
• Examine and explain the kinematics of the wrist and describe the significance of individual movement of the carpal bones
• Discuss the kinetics of the carpus and explain how force is transmitted through the distal radius and ulna

• Discuss the principles of surgical treatment of scaphoid nonunion
• Describe the rationale of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe how arthroscopic bone grafting promotes scaphoid union
• List 2 contraindications for the use of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe 2 different surgical techniques for the use of scaphoid fractures

• Outline and describe 2 risk factors that predispose patients to the development of complications during the treatment of hand infections 
• State and describe where infection can affect the hand
• Explain how immunosuppressive medications can affect hand infections
• Discuss how delayed presentation effects hand infections 
• Describe complications such as osteomyelitis, stiffness, and soft tissue defects

• Examine the diagnosis of HIV and explain how it compromises the immune system
• Describe the diagnoses of herpetic whitlow, human papillomavirus (HPV) and fungal infections
• Examine the condition of diabetes including diagnosis, presentation, treatment and discuss why people with diabetes are at an increased risk for hand infections
• Describe necrotizing fasciitis and it’s treatment
• Examine the diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and transplant patients and describe why these people are at increased risk for hand infection

• Describe biomechanical factors that influence the stability of the forearm
• Examine the structure and function of the forearm 
• Describe injuries of the PRUJ Describe injuries of the DRUJ 
• Describe injuries of the Central Band 
• Describe injuries associated with attrition of the central band

• Outline and describe the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and list primary and secondary stabilizers of the joint 
• Differentiate simple vs complex DRUJ dislocations 
• Explore TFCC injuries and describe Palmer’s classification of injuries 
• Examine clinical and radiographic methods for diagnosing DRUJ instability 
• Describe Galeazzi and Essex-Lopresti and how they effect the stability of the DRUJ

• Describe the anatomic components and primary stabilizers of the elbow
• Describe the mechanism of injury for elbow dislocations
• List and describe 3 treatment considerations for elbow dislocations in the acute setting
• Examine and describe “Terrible Triad” injuries and discuss how they occur
• Outline 3 mechanisms that contribute to chronic instability of the elbow due to ligamentous inefficiency

• Outline and describe the three main patterns of elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Describe 3 important components of a work-up for elbow-fracture dislocations seen in the emergency room 
• Outline and describe 5 fixation techniques for elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Recite 3 main principles related to aftercare and rehabilitation 
• Examine various complications that occur following elbow-fracture dislocations

Part I - Ulnar Collateral Ligament Evaluation and Diagnostics

• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Median nerve 
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Ulnar nerve
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Radial nerve 
• List five most common sites for compression of the ulnar nerve around the elbow 
• Outline and describe 3 conditions that effect each nerve: median, ulnar and radial
• Identify common sites of compression of the median and radial nerves

• Describe normal anatomy and function of the distal radioulnar joint (DRJ) 
• Outline and describe pathology of the (DRJ) 
• Summarize 3 key components of an evaluation of the (DRJ) 
• Examine and describe Triangular Fibrocartilage Tears (TFCC) 
• Outline key treatment interventions for acute distal radius fractures, ulna styloid fractures, and chronic distal radius malunion

• Describe the bones that make up the pelvis
• List 3 ligaments that stabilize the pelvis
• List 3 functions of the pelvis
• Differentiate the boundaries of the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis
• List and describe 3 muscles that have attachments withiin the pelvis
• List and describe 5 muscles that have attachments to the pelvis
• List 5 differences between the male and female pelvis
• List and describe the nerve and blood supply to the pelvis
• Describe 4 motions that occur at the pelvis
• Examine bony and soft tissue anatomy of the pelvis using interactive dissection

• Identify the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the core
• List 4 important functions of the core
• Outline and describe bony structures, joint articulations, nerve and blood supply and significant landmarks within the core
• Describe and demonstrate 4 movements of the core and list the primary muscle that is involved in creating that action
• Define and differentiate core stability vs. core strength
• Define and differentiate proprioception vs. kinesthesia
• List 10 muscles of the core and discuss their origin, insertions, actions and innervations
• Locate and examine 5 deep muscles of the core using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 5 superficial muscles of the core using interactive dissection

• List and describe the 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex
• Describe the significance of the clavicle
• Describe the 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex and demonstrate the movements that occur at each joint
• Describe the supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint and differentiate between primary and secondary stabilizers
• List and describe the muscles that make up the rotator cuff
• Explain the scapulohumeral rhythm Explain the function and anatomy of the brachial plexus
• Locate and examine the bones and articulations of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 10 muscles of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection and describe their origin, insertion, action and innervation
• Locate and examine the parts of the brachial plexus using interactive dissection

• Recognize acute situations for which homeopathic remedies are appropriate and effective
• Apply limited homeopathic remedies to acute care situations that arise in practice and day- to-day life
• Evaluate methods of application of homeopathic remedies to fit the situation at hand
• Distinguish between the available homeopathic remedies for a specific situation in order to select the most appropriate remedy for the individual
• Use homeopathic remedies in concert with existing therapeutic training

• This course meets Human Trafficking CE requirement in Michigan
• Cite the statistics on the prevalence of human trafficking nationally and in the State of Michigan
• Define Human Trafficking
• Summarize Michigan law concerning human trafficking
• Describe the personal and social behaviors, work conditions and immigration status that can indicate human trafficking
• Give examples of interview questions that can help determine if a person is a victim of trafficking
• Explain the special considerations necessary during the patient interview
• List medical indicators of trafficking victims
• List steps to be taken in reporting adult victims of human trafficking
• Cite the reporting requirements for minor victims

• This course meets Human Trafficking CE requirement in Ohio
• Cite the statistics on the prevalence of human trafficking nationally and in the State of Ohio
• Define Human Trafficking
• Summarize Ohio law concerning human trafficking
• Describe the personal and social behaviors, work conditions and immigration status that can indicate human trafficking
• Give examples of interview questions that can help determine if a person is a victim of trafficking
• Explain the special considerations necessary during the patient interview
• List medical indicators of trafficking victims
• List steps to be taken in reporting adult victims of human trafficking
• Cite the reporting requirements for minor victims

• Define and describe Human Trafficking
• Cite national and state statistics on Human Trafficking and discuss where it occurs
• List 3 types of Human Trafficking and differentiate between sex trafficking and labor trafficking
• List and describe 5 indicators for identifying a victim of Human Trafficking
• State how to report a case of Human Trafficking
• List 5 resources that are available to victims of Human Trafficking

Hour 1

• List 3 factors which impact the mechanical properties of fascia
• Recall 3 important functions of fascia
• Cite 3 negative biological effects of fibrosis
• Describe 3 proposed neurophysiological effects of IASTM
• Itemize three biological effects of IASTM

Hour 2

• Cite 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Provide 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Enumerate 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• when using IASTM for musculoskeletal disorders.
• List 2 features of IASTM tools and the effect that these features have on the treatment effect (tissue penetration)
• Summarize 5 IASTM basic stroke techniques
• Apply IASTM techniques for over 30 common upper quarter musculoskeletal conditions

Hour 3

• Outline 3 general purposes for using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilizations (IASTM) for lower quarter musculoskeletal disorders.
• Recall 3 clinical indications for using IASTM to the hip
• State 3 clinical indications for providing IASTM to the lumbar spine
• Present 3 clinical indications for using IASTM for knee-related musculoskeletal disorders
• Itemize 3 clinical conditions of the lower leg and foot for which IASTM would be appropriate

• Define the terminology of decontamination, disinfection and sterilization in a clinical setting.
• Explain the basis of universal precautions and its implementation
• Discuss the latest research and evidence for risk of treatment table contamination in chiropractic and manual therapy offices.
• Learn the recommended evidence based disinfection methods of clinician hands, tables and equipment for manual providers.
• Identify the Spaulding Classification System for disinfection and sterilization of patient care items and equipment.

• Examine and describe key characteristics related to the pathophysiology of Hepatitis C including those related to transmission, acute and chronic phase
• List and examine 3 key steps to diagnosing Hepatitis C
• Compare and contrast 2 ways for staging fibrosis seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe 2 clinical manifestations seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe pharmacologic vs. nonpharmacologic therapies seen in Hepatitis C

• Outline and describe the different branches of government including the legislative, executive, judicial
• Define the term law and give an example of how it relates to you as a healthcare professional
• Identify and describe 4 specific sources of law including constitutional, statutory, administrative and common law
• Explain the difference types of law in the United States – criminal vs. civil
• Explain 3 key laws affecting healthcare professionals
• Demonstrate an understanding of the various levels of the United States court system by describing how the court system works at the state and federal levels

• Describe what is meant by statutory reporting duties required of healthcare professionals
• Explain 2 main reasons for documentation of vital statistics
• Explain the importance of birth or death certificates and describe when a physician or coroner needs to sign one
• Identify 2 communicable and sexually transmitted diseases that must be reported
• Describe child, spousal, elder, and sexual abuse and list 3 possible signs of abuse
• Explain the function of an EAP
• Explain addiction and regulations of controlled substances and the U.S. DEA schedule of drugs

• List and describe 2 major issues and challenges that the healthcare industry is confronting
• Describe 1 major challenge to health information technology
• Identify 3 key factors for the need for healthcare reform
• Outline and describe the single-payer model and list 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages
• Describe the various reasons for the shortage of healthcare professionals
• Describe the role of allied health professionals and describe their role in patient care

• Outline and describe 3 purposes of medical records
• List organization and contents within a medical record
• Describe 3 important reasons for correct documentation in a patient medical record
• Name 3 key guidelines for storage, retention, and maintenance of medical records
• Discuss the importance of confidentiality and consent forms for release of medical records
• List rules for HIPAA privacy and security for medical records
• Describe the different types of safeguards for medical records

• List at least two professional qualities necessary for employment in the healthcare field
• Explain workplace standards and expectations
• Outline OSHA regulations for workplace safety
• Describe workplace violence and the employer’s responsibilities
• Describe qui tam and its role in healthcare
• Define and describe types of workplace discrimination
• Explain sexual harassment and describe appropriate employer responses to sexual harassment in the workplace

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder complex
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon
• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability Understand muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the forearm

• Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Identify bones and osteologic features of the hand
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the hand
• Describe the kinematics of the hand
• Define and differentiate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the hand
• Outline sensory innervations of the hand
• List joint deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis

• Describe the functional anatomy of the hip joint
• Describe the arthro and osteokinematics of the hip
• Describe the innervation and muscular function at the hip
• Analyze and list the characteristics of osteoarthritis of the hip
• Describe 3 therapeutic interventions for a painful and unstable hip joint

• Describe osteologic features of the distal femur, proximal tibia fibula and patella
• Describe the individual anatomy of the knee and list 3 key alignment considerations
• Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics at the tibiofemoral joint
• Describe the patellofemoral joint kinematics and muscular function of the knee
• List 3 factors that effect the tracking of the patella across the patellofemoral joint

• Define terms associated with joints and movements of the foot and ankle
• Describe the structure and function of 3 joints associated with the foot
• Describe the structure and function of 8 joints associated with the ankle
• Describe the motor and sensory innervation of the muscles and joints around the foot and and region
• Analyze the structure and function of the extrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle
• Describe impairment following injury to the fibular or tibial nerve
• Analyze the structure and function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with walking such as gait cycle, stance and swing phases
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, horizontal plane and the upper extremity that occur during walking
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during walking
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during walking
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of walking

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with running such as stride length, food angle, step time, running pace
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane and the upper extemity
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during running
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during running
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of running

• Utilize reproducible, implementable protocols in your practice
• Apply neurodynamic tests and corrective laser protocols
• Assess and understand traumatic brain injuries (concussion, neurodegenerative diseases)
• Summarize strategies to initiate the positive impact of gut health on the musculoskeletal system
• Elucidate the science of the different types of fasting
• Discuss the breakthrough technique for non-invasive fat reduction
• Apply clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries
• Appreciate new laser research and its clinical applicability
• Assess intestinal and blood-brain dysfunctions
• Perform laser applications

• Integrate infection, evolution, immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, blood flow, mitochondria, ATP, oxidative stress, and DNA.
• Integrate mechanical integrity in gravity, weight, load, levers, posture, mechanoreception, mechanotransduction, mechanobiology, tensegrity, neurology, blood flow, and DNA.
• Justify high vegetable, low lectin, low glycemic dietary habits, and their influence on physiology.
• Summarize problems with refined carbohydrates, monosodium glutamate, aspartame, and chemical toxins.
• Support high intensity interval training, weight lifting, brain derived neurotrophic factor, human growth hormone, and interleukin-10.
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser photon therapy, wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences.
• Develop the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Justify why all people need between 5-8 different supplements and explain why.
• Diagram a protocol for influencing immunology and the brain through the intestinal tract; integrating the vagus nerve and the nucleus tractus solitarius.
• Integrate a protocol for brain function that discusses trauma, degenerative, and vascular compromise.
• Demonstrate a protocol for chronic low back pain that integrates the intervertebral disc, posture, mechanics, exercise, and laser therapy.
• Support a protocol for acute whiplash that includes applying controlled motion and anti-inflammation strategies.
• Apply a protocol for remodeling scar tissue and the fibrosis of repair.

• Summarize the volume of research that led to the USSR implementing laser by 1974 as standard care
• Summarize the differences between LEDs and different classes of lasers
• Discover which wavelength was preferred by the Soviets, and has 18 of the 21 FDA clearances
• Utilize case studies to support that this is not a placebo
• Summarize the results of the level 1, double blind study that showed a 635 nm class 2 laser was more effective than opioids for chronic low back pain of a minimum duration of 8 years
• Discover how to easily integrate laser therapy into an existing practice for better patient outcomes
• contrast the difference in clearances and uses for a class 4 laser vs a class 2 laser for chronic condition for better implementation into treatment protocols
• illustrate treatment applications and contraindications with videos and pictures
• identify the injuries that respond to laser therapy and the research that supports them
• generate a treatment plan with lasers for each condition described
• Contrast the effectiveness of different types of lasers and NSAIDS and Opioids vs laser
• Illustrate techniques via video/pictures
• Identify the specific pathways that research has shown that laser can be beneficial for support of these conditions when applied transcranially
• Classify which conditions are contraindications and which types of lasers are contraindicated transcranially
• Summarize the findings on the autism study and its submission to the FDA for review
• Summarize what occurs on a cellular level after a concussion, and what occurs when laser is applied, and nutrients are utilized
• Classify which injuries and conditions respond well to low level laser
• Illustrate set up methods and treatment protocols for several conditions
• Utilize case studies with video/picture demonstrations
• Summarize the studies that showed improvement from laser therapy in performance metrics like muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Discuss the studies that show a 25 to 35% faster recovery for several sports injuries and auto accident injuries when laser therapy is applied
• Determine how to use laser therapy with athletes in the office both for injuries and for performance enhancement

• Recognize areas of risk and liability within Personal Injury cases
• Identify common med-legal concerns
• Recognize various important components associated with the Personal Injury history
• Improve the accuracy and thoroughness of the initial Personal Injury history
• Examine and document common Personal Injury traumatic injuries 
• Create a plan to minimize patient risk and improve provider outcomes
• Recognize the versatility and benefits of low level laser therapy for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Develop clinical protocols for low lever laser application and documentation for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Recognize conditions, injuries and symptoms requiring advanced imaging 
• Apply diagnostics and humanize trauma cases
• Discover the importance and relevance of Personal Injury case management 
• Identify opportunities for improved clinical decision making and case management

• Summarize the differences between the effects of 635 nm laser and 405 nm laser
• Illustrate effective protocols with the laser and exercises to support each condition
• Discuss case studies to demonstrate potential therapeutic outcomes
• Summarize the results of the level 1, double blind study that showed the effectiveness of class 2 635 nm for chronic pain and inflammation
• Discuss how inflammation can lead to many chronic musculoskeletal conditions that affect people in the United States
• Use lab testing to identify inflammation
• Illustrate treatment applications and contraindications
• Identify the conditions that respond to laser therapy for support, the research that supports them, and to identify which conditions are either not supported with laser therapy or are contraindicated
• Aggregate which class of lasers can be used for support and which are contraindicated
• Generate a treatment plan with lasers for different musculoskeletal conditions
• Categorize the negative impacts of scar tissue on range of motion, pain, and function
• Classify which conditions are contraindications and which types of lasers are contraindicated 
• Summarize the changes that occur in scar tissue and when movement of tissue or a joint triggers pain for a prolonged period
• Apply low level laser to musculoskeletal injuries that respond well to low level laser
• Summarize the studies that have been published on PubMed for these conditions being supported with lasers
• Set up methods and treatment protocols for several conditions
• Summarize the studies that showed improvement from laser therapy in performance metrics like muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Comprehend the studies that show a 25 to 35% faster recovery for several sports injuries and auto accident injuries when laser therapy is applied
• Use laser therapy with athletes in the office both for injuries and for performance enhancement by rehabilitating their balance and coordination with lasers

• Describe the concept of intersectionality and how it can affect the lives of young black gay and bisexual men
• Identify factors contributing to adverse health outcomes in young black gay and bisexual men
• Summarize special considerations for the care of LGBTQ youth
• Identify strategies that individual providers can use to provide more patient-centered care for LGBTQ youth
• Summarize the current knowledge in scope, clinical presentation, screening and management of eating disorders
• Identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders in sexual minority adolescents

• Define lymphedema 
• Summarize the 4 components of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) 
• Recite 3 indications for CDT 
• Recall 3 contraindications for CDT 
• Explain the course of treatment for lymphedema with CDT

• Become familiar with and describe the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system
• Understand pathophysiology and recite 3 reasons why excess weight is a risk factor for lymphedema
• Describe the role of the lymphatic system in the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease
• Outline and describe the role of management of lymphatic conditions including diagnosis, treatment, decongestive therapy and other methods of surgical and conservative treatment methods
• Explore lipedema including diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment interventions 
• Read clinical case studies to highlight clinical application

• Recite the definition of lipedema and list 5 signs and symptoms
• Describe the pathophysiology and pathology associated with lipedema
• List 5 complications and combinations with other diseases
• Explain the prognosis for patients with lipedema
• Differentiate between the diagnosis of lipedema and and common differential diagnosis
• Become familiar with the role of therapy for patients with lipedema

• Define and differentiate cyclic-idiopathic, idiopathic-orthostatic and idiopathic edema syndromes
• Define and describe edema syndromes independent of the menstrual cycle
• Describe 3 generalized edemas caused by abuse of diuretics and or laxatives
• Become familiar and list the components of rehabilitation with generalized edemas
• Describe the physiological edema that occurs during pregnancy

• Recite the basic principles of Decongestive Kinesiotherapy and Respiratory Therapy
• Describe the functional rehab of pts with lymphedema
• Recall 3 effects of radiation
• Describe the chronic effects of radiation
• Compare and contrast principles of manual lymph drainage
• Describe the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis
• Become familiar with compression therapy with radiation induced plexopathy

• Recall the physiology with venous hemodynamics of the leg
• Recite the pathophysiology of venous hemodynamics in CVI
• Describe post-thrombotic syndrome and understand treatment, pathophysiology and clinical stages
• Become familiar with suprafascial CVI
• Compare and contrast the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CVI
• List 5 methods of prevention for CVI and VLI
• Describe components of complete decongesitive therapy and drug therapy used with CVI and VLI

• Become familiar with soft tissue x-rays
• Compare and contrast cross-section imaging including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound
• Differentiate between the use of direct and indirect lymphography
• Describe radiological diagnostics using radioisotopes including lymphoscintigraphy and isotope lymphography
• Describe the respective value of each of the imaging procedures

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia