District of Columbia Physical Therapist Continuing Education

• Define anti-aging medicine
• Compare and contrast the differing opinions on anti-aging medicine
• List the moral questions associate with the anti-aging movement
• Describe how the anti-aging movement is viewed from a feminist perspective

• Describe the moral questions concerning home care for the elderly
• Identify the relationship between the cared for and the care giver
• Explain the focus of governmental programs for dependent elderly care
• List the values necessary to support elder care at home

• Outline the history of the nursing home
• Describe the evolution of bioethical thought on nursing home care
• List strategies for creating a more ethical nursing home environment
• Ways nursing homes can aid residents in addressing end-of-life concerns

• Give examples of the roots of an ageist attitude in the United States
• Describe the dynamics of the power relationship between care giver and cared for
• Explain the issues involved in setting boundaries in the institutional environment
• Describe the difference between independent and relational autonomy

• Define elder abuse, neglect and self-neglect
• Describe the “expressive – collaborative” model of approaching ethics
• Compare and contrast the classical definition of autonomy with “actual autonomy”
• Explain how remaining in an abusive / neglectful environment may constitute the best alternative for an individual

• Cite the historical perspective on senility
• Describe how the pervasive bioethical viewpoint affects the experience of people with dementia
• Explain the concepts of dignity
• Compare and contrast various definitions of dignity relative to those with dementia

• List the foundational assumptions that define advance care planning in the United States
• Differentiate hospice care from palliative care
• Describe the issues that arise when individual choice is the main focus of advance care planning
• Explain how the modern culture of medicine influences end – of – life care
• Compare and contrast the current approach towards end – of – life care with the authors. “bottom up,” approach

• Cite examples of how the elderly have been marginalized during disasters
• Define what is meant by the “axes of susceptibility”
• Identify the ethical obligation to the elderly during major disasters
• Describe how planning, communication and coordination is an ethical imperative in disasters
• Explain the concept of “place holding,” and how it fits into disaster planning

• Define morality and ethics and distinguish between the two
• Describe three moralities that health professionals must integrate into their own moral life
• Identify some major sources of moral beliefs in Western societies
• Distinguish between an ethical issue and ethical problem
• List three ways that ethics is useful in everyday professional practice
• Describe what material cooperation entails
• Identify some mechanisms available to protect the personal moral convictions of health professionals

• Identify the goal of professional ethics activity.
• Describe the basic idea of a caring response and some ways this response in a professional relationship is distinguished from expressions of care in other types of relationships.
• Identify three component parts of any ethical problem.
• Describe what an agent is and, more importantly, what it is to be a moral agent.
• Name the three prototypical ethical problems.
• Describe the role of emotions in ethical distress.
• Distinguish between two varieties of ethical distress.
• Compare the fundamental difference between ethical distress and an ethical dilemma.
• Define ethical paternalism or parentalism.
• Describe a type of ethical dilemma that challenges a professionals desire (and duty) to treat everyone fairly and equitably.
• Identify the fundamental difference between distress or dilemma problems and locus of authority problems.
• Identify four criteria that will assist you in deciding who should assume authority for a specific ethical decision to achieve a caring response.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT
• Indiana PTs - become familiar with the IN PT Rules and Practice Act
• Texas PTs - become familiar with the TX PT Rules and Practice Act
• Utah PTs - become familiar with the UT PT Rules and Practice Act

• Identify six steps in the analysis of ethical problems encountered in everyday professional life and how each plays a part in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe the central role of narrative and virtue theories in gathering relevant information for a caring response.
• List four areas of inquiry that will be useful when gathering relevant information to make sure you have the story straight.
• Describe the role of conduct-related ethical theories and approaches in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe why imagination is an essential aspect of seeking out the practical alternatives in an ethically challenging situation.
• Discuss how courage assists you in a caring response.
• Identify two benefits of taking time to reflect on and evaluate the action afterward.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT's

The Analysis of Ethical Problems in Professional life

• Identify six steps in the analysis of ethical problems encountered in everyday professional life and how each plays a part in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe the central role of narrative and virtue theories in gathering relevant information for a caring response.
• List four areas of inquiry that will be useful when gathering relevant information to make sure you have the story straight.
• Describe the role of conduct-related ethical theories and approaches in arriving at a caring response.
• Describe why imagination is an essential aspect of seeking out the practical alternatives in an ethically challenging situation.
• Discuss how courage assists you in a caring response.
• Identify two benefits of taking time to reflect on and evaluate the action afterward.
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Become familiar with the Guide to Professional Conduct for PT's

Ethics of Confidential Information

• Define the terms confidential information and confidentiality.
• Identify the relationship of a patient's legal right to privacy with his reasonable expectations regarding confidential information.
• Describe how the telling and keeping of secrets is relevant to understanding the importance of confidentiality.
• Discuss the ethical norms involved in keeping and breaking professional confidences.
• Name five general legal exceptions to the professional standard of practice that confidences should not be broken.
• Consider practical options that a professional can take when faced with the possibility of breaking a confidence.
• Discuss some important aspects of documentation that affect confidentiality.
• Compare ethical issues of confidentiality traditionally conceived with those that have arisen because of computerized medical records and patient care information systems.
• Describe the key ethical strengths and challenges of the recent U.S. federal regulations related to privacy considerations (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996).
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Review and become familiar with the TX PT Rules
• Read case scenarios illustrating ethical decision making

Informed Consent

• Describe three basic legal concepts that led to the doctrine of informed consent.
• Describe three approaches to determining the disclosure standard for judging that a patient or client has been informed.
• Discuss three major aspects of the process of obtaining informed consent.
• Distinguish "general consent" from "special consent" documents.
• Differentiate between the never-competent and once-competent patient or client and the challenges posed by each in regard to informed consent.
• Compare informed consent as it is used in health care practice and in human studies research.
• Describe some considerations one must always take into account to be sure one is being culturally competent and honoring cultural difference when informed consent is the standard.

• Define the terms confidential information and confidentiality.
• Identify the relationship of a patient's legal right to privacy with his reasonable expectations regarding confidential information.
• Describe how the telling and keeping of secrets is relevant to understanding the importance of confidentiality.
• Discuss the ethical norms involved in keeping and breaking professional confidences.
• Name five general legal exceptions to the professional standard of practice that confidences should not be broken.
• Consider practical options that a professional can take when faced with the possibility of breaking a confidence.
• Discuss some important aspects of documentation that affect confidentiality.
• Compare ethical issues of confidentiality traditionally conceived with those that have arisen because of computerized medical records and patient care information systems.
• Describe the key ethical strengths and challenges of the recent U.S. federal regulations related to privacy considerations (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996).
• Become familiar with AOTA and APTA Code of Ethics
• Review and become familiar with the TX PT Rules
• Read case scenarios illustrating ethical decision making

• Describe three basic legal concepts that led to the doctrine of informed consent.
• Describe three approaches to determining the disclosure standard for judging that a patient or client has been informed.
• Discuss three major aspects of the process of obtaining informed consent.
• Distinguish "general consent" from "special consent" documents.
• Differentiate between the never-competent and once-competent patient or client and the challenges posed by each in regard to informed consent.
• Compare informed consent as it is used in health care practice and in human studies research.
• Describe some considerations one must always take into account to be sure one is being culturally competent and honoring cultural difference when informed consent is the standard.

• Review different bodywork approaches in the treatment of fibromyalgia
• Compare and contrast 3 patterns of dysfunction seen in patients with fibromyalgia
• Examine the soft tissue stress response sequence
• Differentiate responses between postural and phasic muscles
• Discuss important tests involved in the assessment and treatment of patients with fibromyalgia
• Examine the neuromuscular technique
• Describe 3 Muscle Energy Techniques
• Analyze positional release variations and rules of treatment
• Become familiar with respiratory function assessments and responses
• Outline a summary of soft tissue approaches to treat fibromyalgia

• Discuss the treatment of fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for fibromyalgia
• Outline and describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of fibromyalgia
• Describe the pharmacological management of fibromyalgia
• Describe 5 functional outcomes in chronic muscle pain

Part I: OA of the Ankle Joint

• List 5 predisposing factors of OA of the ankle joint
• Explain the diagnosis of OA of the ankle joint
• Describe 5 functional impairments as a result of OA of the ankle joint
• Outline various management strategies for the treatment of OA including pharmacological, physical, surgical and educational strategies
• Explain the future directions for research and management of OA of the ankle joint

Part II: Rheumatic Disease

• Examine the classification system for rheumatic diseases
• Outline and explain components involved in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease including diagnostic markers, disease activity, imaging, history, clinical exam and blood investigations
• Describe management strategies for early treatment
• Examine general foot health management
• Assess goal-directed treatment strategies

Part III: Gout

• Investigate the prevalence of gout
• Outline and describe the pathogenesis of gout
• Identify management strategies including pharmacological, physical, surgical and education strategies for the management of gout
• Examine and outline the diagnosis and classification for the diagnosis of gout

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Forefoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of hallux limitus and hallux rigidus
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of hallux valgus
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of Morton's neuroma
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of lesser digit deformities

Rearfoot Entities

• Describe and examine diagnosis, functional impairments and management of plantar fasciitis
• Describe and list predisposing factors, diagnosis and functional management of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction
• Describe and recite predisposing factors, diagnosis, functional impairments and management of tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Describe and analyze the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of high-energy injury calcaneal fractures
• Describe the diagnosis, functional impairments and management of calcaneal stress fractures

• Recognize the prevalence of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Describe anatomy of the Achilles tendon
• List 5 signs and symptoms and describe diagnostic imaging for making a diagnosis of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Explain and outline 5 functional impairments as a result of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Compare and contrast 3 extrinsic vs. 3 intrinsic risk factors for developing Achilles Tendinopathy
• Summarize and identify 2 future directions for the study of Achilles Tendinopathy
• Analyze and practice 3 management strategies for the best approach to treating Achilles Tendinopathy

• List 5 predisposing factors to stress fracture and differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic factors
• List 5 conditions that must be ruled out when performing differential diagnosis for stress fracture
• Explain the process for confirming a diagnosis of stress fracture
• Describe and compare various management strategies and outcomes in the treatment of stress fractures
• Discuss future directions and needed research in the field of managing stress fractures

Part I: Plantar Fasciitis

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for plantar fasciitis
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with planter fasciitis
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of plantar fasciitis
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after plantar fasciitis surgery
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of plantar fasciitis

Part II: Midfoot Sprains and Strains:

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for midfoot sprains/strains
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of midfoot sprains/strains
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for midfoot sprains/strains
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of midfoot sprains/strains

Part III: Fifth Metatarsal Fractures

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of fifth metatarsal fractures
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative reha after surgery for fifth metatarsal fractures
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of fifth metatarsal fractures

Part IV: First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (Turf Toe)

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for turf toe
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with turf toe
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 3 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of turf toe
• List 3 criteria for return to sport
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of turf toe

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with achilles tendonopathy and rupture
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 2 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of achilles tendon rupture
• Outline and describe the 6 phases of postoperative rehab after achilles tendon rupture
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part I: Ankle Sprains, Fractures and Chondral Injuries

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle sprains, fractures and chondral injuries
• Outline and describe the guiding principles and 4 phases of treatment in the nonoperative rehab of lateral and syndesmotic sprains
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral ankle ligament repair and reconstruction
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after lateral and medial ankle fractures
• Outline and describe the 5 phases of postoperative rehab after microfracture or chondral injuries of the ankle
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of achilles tendonopathy and rupture

Part II: Ankle Impingement

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for ankle impingement
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with ankle impingement
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of postoperative rehab after surgery for ankle impingement
• Identify 5 factors involved in returning to soccer after surgery for posterior ankle impingement
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

Part III: Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonopathy

• Discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis that should be performed with flexor hallucis longus tendonopathy
• Review evidenced-based resources for the diagnosis, treatment and management of ankle impingement

• Define plantar fasciitis
• List 3 differential diagnosis
• Enumerate 3 or more signs and symptoms
• Describe 2 main components of a foot examination
• Examine and summarize 3 surgical options
• Outline and describe rehabilitation protocols for plantar fasciitis

• Outline the pattern of drug use in older adults
• List 5 common adverse drug reactions in older adults
• Define and differentiate drug classes commonly used in older adults and their impact on therapy
• Become familiar with drugs used for treatment of pain, cardiac conditions, respiratory and gastrointestinal drugs
• Outline strategies for coordinating therapy with drug treatment

• Outline and describe the role of physical activity for older adults
• Outline the physical stress theory
• Outline and define 5 elements of an exercise prescription
• Become familiar with 5 types of exercises for older adults including aquatics, Tai Chi, stretching, strengthening and plyometrics

• Outline characteristics of depression and methods of assessment in older adults
• Define and differentiate 5 common depression scales
• Become familiar with drugs used in depression
• Outline and understand the cognitive decline and dementia in older adults
• Compare and contrast dementia and alzheimer's disease in older adults and 3 methods of management

• Analyze 3 reasons for the importance of the chart review in the evaluation of the acute and medically complex patient
• List 5 causes and clinical signs of electrolyte abnormality
• Review and describe 5 causes and signs of acid-base imbalances
• Outline the process of completing a systems review of the patient
• Become familiar with signs and symptoms of nutrional deficiency
• Outline signs associated with coronary artery disease and heart failure
• Outline signs associated with sepsis, vertigo, dehydration and metabolic syndrome

• Define 3 factors that influence aerobic capacity in older adults
• Describe the physiology of aerobic capacity and exercise
• List tests and measures to assess aerobic capacity and endurance
• Describe commonly used scales including angina, dyspnea, claudication and perceived exertion scales
• Review and outline 3 methods for evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis of older adults with aerobic impairment
• List and describe 5 interventions used with older adults with aerobic impairment

• Outline changes in muscle structure and function associated with aging
• Outline changes in metabolic function associated with aging
• Become familiar with evidence-supported suggestions for resistance training
• Describe adaptations in muscle power, strength, size and composition with resistance exercise
• Discuss nutritional intake as a countermeasure for sarcopenia

• Define and differentiate common motor control impairments including paresis, abnormal tone, fractionated movement deficits, ataxia, hypokinesia, somatosensory loss, and perceptual deficits
• Outline and explain at least 5 tests to assess motor control impairment
• Become familiar with diagnosis and prognosis of motor control impairments
• Compare and contrast 3 movement system diagnostic categories for motor control impairments
• Discuss current evidence underlying impaired motor control interventions

• Differentiate normal and abnormal postures
• List and define 5 age-related changes that influence spinal alignment
• Explain common spinal conditions such as osteoporosis, spinal osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis
• Outline and describe the role of therapy in managing patients with postural dysfunctions
• Become familiar with evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and developing plan of care with patients with postural dysfunction
• Examine external supports used with patients with postural dysfunction

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Ambulation: Impact of Age-Related Changes on Functional Mobility

• Explain characteristics of gait and changes that occur with aging
• Outline and define pathologic gait changes
• Define speed, distance and general requirements for functional ambulation
• Differentiate normal age-related changes in gait vs those resulting from pathology
• Outline components involved with examining and evaluating gait
• Become familiar with interventions and develop plan of care for patients with gait changes

Balance and Falls

• Understand the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline tests and measures for balance and falls
• Understand the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Outline and describe the seriousness of the problem of falling
• List 5 risk factors for falling
• Outline the balance and postural control centers of the body
• Examine 5 evaluation techniques for assessing balance and risk of falls
• Outline 3 tests and measures for balance and falls
• Describe the importance of neuromuscular testing in balance and falls
• Define and differentiate 5 functional balance measures
• Become familiar with balance training and exercise interventions

• Explain the mechanism of continence
• Outline the pathophysiology of incontinence
• List 3 risk factors for urinary incontinence
• Become familiar with 3 interventions for incontinence including pelvic floor muscle exercises, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, behavioral interventions, weight loss, fluid management, pharmacologic interventions and more
• Describe the physical exam in regards to incontinence
• Become familiar with 5 outcome measures for urinary incontinence

• Become familiar with the prevalence, challenges and costs of pain management in older adults
• Describe the biophysical model of persistent pain
• List age-related changes associated with pain
• Outline methods of examination and evaluation of the patient with pain
• Outline a plan of care and list 5 interventions for patients with pain
• Review case studies that highlight clinical management of pain

• Summarize the importance of wellness for the aging adult
• Identify and describe 3 domains of wellness
• Outline methods of screening for physical activity and wellness programs
• Review baseline measure for physical activity and exercise focused wellness programs
• List the importance of strength training and aerobic training and the enhancement of mobility

• Define and describe the concept of a "good death"
• Outline and describe the physiological process of dying
• Examine 3 progressive changes that occur in the final months or terminal phase
• List 5 physiologic signs of approaching death
• List 5 psychosocial and spiritual signs, symptoms and interventions for the actively dying
• Become familiar with hospice and palliative care
• Review models of physical therapy practice in hospice and palliative care

• Describe the association between footwear and falls and list 5 suboptimal design features which contributes to falls
• List 5 common changes that occur in the foot with age and why ill-fitting shoes are a precursor to falls
• List and describe 5 common risk factors for falls in individuals with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease
• Describe future new directions and novel footwear devices that are being used to provide substitute sensory cues at the feet to help improve balance and gait
• Describe how footwear, insoles, and orthoses are gaining popularity as an integral component of falls prevention strategies

• Discuss the demographics and scope of problem of falls
• Outline and describe 6 key conditions that should be included in a patient assessment when considering fall risk
• List 4 risk factors, including neurologic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, that are associated with gait and balance disorders
• Describe the 8 components that are key factors in the physical examination when evaluating an older adult for risk of falling
• Outline and describe pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for the prevention and management of falls

• Define and differentiate static vs dynamic balance
• Outline and describe the role of balance in ADL’s
• Define and differentiate intrinsic vs. extrinsic risk factors for falls and provide 3 examples of each
• List and describe 3 different evidence-based fall prevention programs recommended for patients, including; AMOB, Tai Ji Juan, Otago
• Describe the role of clinicians in fall prevention strategies

• Describe the evidence for Pilates based exercise to enhance balance for seniors 
• Name the global/local core stabilizers and their function 
• Describe 2 Pilates based seated exercises and their goals 
• Describe 2 Pilates based standing exercises and their goals 
• Name 3 Pilates principles Describe the 3 systems integral to balance

• Breakdown the biomechanical processes of spinal degeneration
• Explain the biochemical processes that occur in the geriatric population in 
• Differentiate between various diagnosis of structural and chemical conditions seen in geriatric patients
• Analyze the radiological findings and how they influence clinical decisions
• Explain Syndrome X and how it affects physiology
• Differentiate trauma and its late effects on the body

• List 3 changes in the vascular structure that occur with age
• Discuss the endothelial function in aging
• Outline 5 effects of aging on the structure of the heart
• Describe the response of the aging heart on exercise
• Describe and analyze myocardial function in the aging heart at rest

• Outline 3 functions of the musculoskeletal system
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in articular cartilage
• List 5 changes that occur with aging in the skeleton including structural and metabolic changes
• List 3 changes that occur with aging in soft tissue
• Examine and list 5 consequences of bone and joint aging

• Describe attention and processing speed as it relates to aging
• Describe age-related changes that occur in short term and long term memory
• Become familiar with 1 method for evaluating executive functions
• List lifestyle factors associated with aging and describe how they may be affected
• Compare and describe how social activities and health factors are effected by cognitive aging

• Describe the clinical manifestations of CAD
• Outline and describe 5 techniques for diagnosis CAD
• List 5 risk factors for CAD
• Outline the protocol for therapy for stable angina
• Become familiar with acute coronary syndromes

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of hypertension
• Describe the pathogenesis associated with hypertension
• List 5 risk factors for hypertension
• Outline 5 complications of hypertension
• Describe the management and treatment of hypertension

• Become familiar with the incidence and epidemiology of COPD in the elderly
• Describe the pathogenesis of COPD
• Become familiar with medications used to treat asthma
• Outline management techniques for the treatment of asthma
• Examine and compare differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD

• Review and define definitions of dementia
• List 3 risk factors for dementia
• Become familiar with other disorders associated with dementia
• Describe clinical features in differential diagnosis of dementia
• Identify 3 key points of dementia

• Describe diagnostic criteria in the presentation of dementia
• Describe aspects of cognition, ADL and behavior affected by dementia
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for dementia
• Outline the management of dementia including pharmacologic and non drug therapies
• Review arguments for and against disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia

• Describe the pathology and mechanisms of Alzheimer's
• Describe the genetics of Alzheimer's
• Outline clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's
• Describe components of a clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's
• Review treatment for Alzheimer's
• List behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders

• Outline and describe the classification of movement disorders
• List and describe the clinical features of Parkinson's Disease
• List 10 causes of Parkinson's Disease
• Describe the neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease
• List 5 drugs used to treat motor impairments in Parkinson's Disease
• Become familiar with hyperkinetic movement disorders
• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Outline  features of neuromuscular disorders according to location
• Outline  features of peripheral neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy
• Become familiar with neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis
• Describe inflammatory myopathy
• Review and differentiate endocrine and metabolic myopathies

• Describe two different criteria used to determine the prevalence of COPD
• List three factors that will contribute to the increased prevalence of COPD
• List and describe three physiologic changes that occur in the lung
• Describe 3 clinical symptoms associated with COPD and describe diagnosis including lung function tests and the use of chest CT scans
• Outline and examine 3 interventions commonly used in the management and treatment of COPD
• Describe the significance and goals of a pulmonary rehabilitation program

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Geriatrics 237 through Geriatrics 240

• List and describe 3 changes in lung structure associated with aging
• List and describe 3 changes in extrapulmonary structure
• Analyze 3 changes in respiratory mechanics that occur with aging and lead to predictable changes in lung function
• Describe changes in gas exchange that occur with aging
• Outline and describe the use of 2 lung function tests used in the elderly
• Describe the synergistic effect of age-related changes in lung structure and function on lung disease

• Outline and describe 5 mechanisms of dyspnea including; sensory receptors, afferent impulses, integration and processing within the central nervous system, psychological factors and neuromodulation
• Analyze 4 unique descriptors of dyspnea in the elderly including prevalence, impact, respiratory sensation and dyspnea during exercise
• Describe a comprehensive approach for assessment of the elderly individual with dyspnea
• List and describe 5 strategies used to relieve dyspnea
• Describe the role of acupuncture as an emerging treatment for dyspnea

• Become familiar with the epidemiology of lung cancer in the elderly and describe 2 risks and age-related disparities in lung cancer
• Define and differentiate local therapy vs. systemic therapy and give an example of each.
• Define and describe the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
• Describe local treatment strategies including; surgical resection, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation
• Describe systemic treatment strategies including; adjuvant chemotherapy, locally advanced disease, advanced disease, small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy and targeted therapies for actionable mutations

• Outline and describe the 4 categories for fall risk factors defined by the World Health Organization, including; biologic, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic
• Identify the 3 questions that should be asked of patients about fall history
• Outline 3 fall prevention interventions or areas of assessment
• Compare and contrast 4 evidence-based, community-based programs: A Matter of Balance, Otega Exercise Program, Stepping On and Tai Chi Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention
• Describe important behavioral aspects of fall prevention

• List and describe the 3 behavioral problems in people with dementia including apathy, agitation, and rejection of care/aggression
• Describe and differentiate agitation vs. rejection of care/aggression and list 1 key factor in symptom management of each condition
• List and describe 2 nonpharmacologic interventions that can be used in managing behavioral symptoms in people with dementia
• List 10 problematic behaviors that are commonly evaluated using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scale
• List 3 other conditions that include apathy as a feature or characteristic

• Describe the significance of depression and cardiovascular disease in the elderly
• Examine how depression can be diagnosed in elderly patients with CVD
• Describe the pathomechanics underlying depression and CVD 
• List 3 interventions for treating elderly with depression and CVD 
• Differentiate 5 key features between and early-onset and late-onset depression

• Describe the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in the elderly population
• Define and differentiate different types of anxiety including social anxiety, panic disorders and specific phobias such as fear of falling
• Discuss anxiety disorder and how it effects special populations
• Compare and contrast late-life anxiety treatments
• Explore and analyze 3 clinical care innovations including primary care, home care, mindfulness-based interventions and electronic delivery options

• Describe 4 neuropsychological changes that occur in depression
• Examine the results seen on neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings in the brains of individuals with depression
• Explore 4 different psychotherapies used in the treatment of depression
• Describe 5 wholistic and other nontraditional approaches used in the treatment of depression
• Describe the use of brain stimulation in the treatment of depression

• Recognize and describe 5 different types of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia 
• Outline 3 causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and give examples of patient, caregiver and environmental factors 
• Describe nonpharmacologic or ecobiopsychosocial treatment options for persons with dementia  
• Examine how the DICE approach can help providers integrate prevention, assessment, and management of BPSD 
• Use the DICE approach as it relates to a case study with a person with early onset dementia

• Discuss the increasing prevalence of diabetes in older adults in the United States and elsewhere
• Describe how aging effects glucose metabolism
• Identify pathophysiologic factors in the development of Type 2 diabetes and how they are exaggerated in older adults
• Describe the screening process and recommendations for diabetes
• List the globally accepted criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes

• Discuss the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes
• Discuss 2 lifestyle modifications used to achieve glycemic targets for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• List 5 medications used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• State which medication is used as the first-line pharmacotherapy
• Describe the goal-based algorithm recommended by the American Diabetes Association

• Identify and describe 3 risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
• List 3 tests that can be used to identify cognitive dysfunction
• Describe how cognitive function negatively impacts diabetes management
• List 7 self-care behaviors identified by American Association of Diabetes Educators for creating self-management goals 
• Describe 5 interventions that an OT can do for an individual with diabetes

• Describe PTSD Describe the impact that acute trauma has on older adults 
• Outline and describe 5 types of traumatic events 
• List and describe 5 outcomes that are associated with PTSD in the elderly 
• Summarize 2 treatment interventions for elderly with PTSD

Part I: Reducing Frailty to Promote Healthy Aging

• Identify the 3 components of frailty 
• List 5 criteria and describe the progression of frailty 
• Describe the pathophysiology of frailty along with 3 complications of frailty 
• Identify 3 screening tools for frailty 
• List and describe 5 tips for reducing frailty

Part II: Heathy Aging Across the Stages of Old Age

• Become familiar and describe definitions of healthy aging
• Describe key components of 3 different models of healthy aging including: the biomedical, psychosocial, multidimensional 
• List and describe 5 healthy goals of healthy aging across the stages of old age
• Discuss what will be needed moving forward in order to promote and support healthy aging across the lifespan
• List 5 specific areas being used for future discussion of healthy aging as described by the National Prevention Council on Healthy Aging Strategies

• Outline and describe 5 changes to the musculoskeletal system that occur with age 
• List and describe 8 benefits of exercises for healthy aging 
• Discuss the benefits of different types of exercise for various older adult-specific conditions 
• Describe 5 evidence and community-based exercise programs for community-dwelling older adults 
• Describe 5 evidenced-based exercise programs that are either home-based or designed for more frail older adults

• Become familiar with imaging techniques of the DRUJ
• Describe radiography for the DRUJ
• Describe scintigraphy for the DRUJ
• Compare and contrast CT scan and MRI of the DRUJ
• Outline procedures for postoperative imaging of the DRUJ

• Become familiar with arthroscopic and open repair techniques of the TFCC
• Describe the diagnosis of a TFCC injury
• Outline the classification of a TFCC injury
• Outline and describe examination techniques for a TFCC injury
• List treatment techniques for a TFCC injury
• Become familiar with the technique for arthroscopic debridement
• Outline the technique of an arthroscopic TFCC repair
• Outline the technique of an open TFCC repair

• Become familiar with ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the biomechanics of the ulnar side of the wrist
• Describe the examination and diagnosis of ulnar impaction syndrome
• Outline treatment techniques for ulnar impaction syndrome
• Describe the procedure for an ulnar-shortening osteotomy
• Outline the Wafer procedure for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome

• Describe the historical perspective on the etiology of RA
• Recite evidence of RA in literature and art
• Describe paleopathological evidence of RA
• Become familiar with contemporary research of RA
• Outline current hypotheses of RA

• Become familiar with advances in the medical treatment of RA
• Describe  articular and systemic effects of RA
• List 3 cardiovascular, bone and airway manifestations of RA
• Outline pharmaceutical options for the treatment of RA
• List 5 complications of medical treatment of RA
• Describe perioperative management of RA

• Outline controversies in the surgical treatment of RA
• Define the principles of surgical intervention of RA
• List 3 essential concepts in the surgical treatment of RA
• Describe 3 situations that are an indication for immediate surgery in the treatment of RA
• Become familiar with orthopedic procedures in the treatment of RA
• Describe the efficacy and indication of surgical treatment for RA including synovectomies, tenosynovectomies, wrist procedures, arthroplasties and procedures on IP joints

• Review normal elbow anatomy
• Describe pathophysiology of the rheumatoid elbow
• Discuss the clinical presentation of the rheumatoid elbow
• Outline management techniques including intraarticular injection, synovectomy, radial head excision
• Describe the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of the rheumatiod elbow
• Describe total arthroplasty in the treatment of the rheumatoid elbow
• Review 5 case studies highlighting the management of the rheumatoid elbow

• Describe normal anatomy of the thumb
• Outline classification and pathophysiology of the rheumatoid thumb
• Describe surgical management of boutonniere and swan neck deformity of the rheumatoid thumb
• List 3 technical tips for MCP arthroplasty  and IP joint arthordesis
• Review postoperative management of the rheumatoid thumb
• Become familiar with expected outcomes and prognosis

• Discuss the components included in an evaluation of the patient with DRF
• Outline and discuss the 3 phases of rehabilitation for DRF
• Differentiate treatment guidelines according to fracture management technique
• List and define 5 complications associated with DRF
• Discuss the importance of future research and exploration of DRF

• Become familiar with fractures at the distal humerus
• Become familiar with fractures of the olecranon process, capitellum, trochlea and radial head
• Outline and describe nonoperative and surgical treatment options
• Discuss complications of treatment
• Define and differentiate Type I, II and III fractures
• Compare and contrast dislocations of the elbow including exam, classification and treatment

• Describe and examine the histopathology of tendinopathies
• Become familiar with differential diagnosis for lateral epicondylitis
• Describe the presenting features of tennis elbow
• Outline components of a clinical exam for tennis elbow
• Outline and describe the phases of rehab for tennis elbow

• Outline and describe components of a comprehensive hand evaluation
• Describe techniques for testing intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand
• Describe manual muscle testing grades for muscles of the hand
• Perform tests to evaluate for intrinsic tightness and tightness of the oblique retinacular ligament
• Review testing procedures for grip and pinch strengths
• Describe nerve supply to the hand including motor and sensory function
• Review vascularity of the hand and describe the Allen's test

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the wrist
• Describe the relevance for the use of injection in diagnosing wrist pathologies
• Name the 5 zones of the wrist and list important structures within each zone
• Become familiar with conditions that may effect each of the 5 zones of the wrist
• Outline steps involved in performing the grind test
• Describe  various tests for assessing scaphoid instability
• Describe tests for assessing the TFCC and ulnar sided instability

• Describe components involved in a comprehensive evaluation of the elbow
• Outline components involved in the physical exam of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the medial side of the elbow
• Describe conditions that effect the lateral side of the elbow
• Describe tests for assessing conditions that effect the elbow

• Become familiar with techniques used for diagnostic imaging of the upper extremity
• Describe and differentiate imaging techniques used to evaluate the UE
• Describe the technique of various imaging methods such as bone scintigraphy, tomography, arteriography, MRI and more
• List 3 complications that may result from the use of arteriography
• Describe the indications for the use of each imaging technique
• Outline and describe clinical applications and the use of each diagnostic imaging technique

• Become familiar witih postoperative rehab techniques following surgery for Dupuytren's
• Describe care of the patient with Dupuytren's disease during the first 2 weeks following surgery
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during the 2nd and 3rd week
• Describe post operative management of the patient with Dupuytren's during week 4-6
• List and describe complications that may occur with surgery for Dupuytren's
• Outline grading systems used to evaluate flare-up following surgery

• List 4 indications for the surgical intervention of Dupuytren's disease
• Describe the presenting symptoms of Dupuytren's disease
• Outline the pathoanatomy and the structures involved in Dupuytren's disease
• List 4 types of surgery commonly used for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease
• Review various studiesand results involving the use of collagenase
• List and describe complications commonly seen in Dupuytren's disease
• Become familiar with post operative management of hand therapy following Dupuytrens surgery

• Describe the history, physical exam and radiographic assessement performed for each patient with a fracture
• List 5 goals of fracture management
• Outline, describe and differentiate fracture classification systems
• Evaluate and describe various choices for fracture fixation including the use of external fixators, Kirschner wires, screws and plates
• Briefly describe the occurances of what happens during each stage of fracture healing
• List and describe complications following surgery for fracture management

• Become familiar with the management of hand and wrist tendinopathies
• Describe the pathology involved in stenosing tendovaginitis
• List and describe 3 principles and interventions for managing tendinopathies
• Outline the anatomy and pathomechanics involved in trigger finger
• Describe the pathology, diagnosis and management of de Quervain's
• Describe the anatomy and management of intersection syndrome
• Become familiar with tenosynovitis associated with systemic disorders and infections

• Become familiar with the evaluation of tissue specific impairments as a result of Dupuytren's disease
• List and describe 2 advances in surgical management of Dupuytren's disease
• List criteria for needle aponeurotomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease  
• List 5 short-term side effects from the Xiaflex injection in the treatment of Dupuytren's
• Become familiar with advanced in hand therapy management of Dupuytren's

• Review treatment methods for CMC arthritis
• Review the procedure of LRTI arthroplasty
• Discuss hand therapy rehab protocol following LRTI procedure
• Become familiar with technological advances and surgical devices being used to treat CMC arthritis
• List 5 considerations for new technology for thumb CMC arthritis
• Become familiar with the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• Read a case study related to the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure
• List 2 risks for the Arthrex Mini TightRope Suture Button Suspensionplasty procedure

• Become familiar with the neurotoxin Botulinum A
• Undertstand its current uses as an adjunct form of treatment in hand conditions
• Review its role in the treatment of stroke and spasticity, focal dystonia, vasospastic disorders, Raynaud's and other conditions
• Discuss its role in the use of pain syndromes
• Outline the complications and risk of botox

• List 3 indications, principles and considerations for nerve transfers
• Become familiar with nerve transfers for restoring function to the upper extremity
• Review transfer techniques for isolated radial, median and ulnar nerve injuries

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 1 - 2

• Understand, identify and describe the significance of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor tendon
• Explain 3 causative factors that may lead to developing LE
• Identify the main movements or activities that put someone at risk for LE
• Describe the pathophysiology involved in LE
• Describe 5 conservative treatment interventions for LE
• Outline and describe post-operative rehab protocols following surgery and list 3 possible complications
• Discuss what prolotherapy is, what it does, how it works and what the research says
• State 2 indications for surgical intervention
• Outline the basic principles of surgery and list 3 operative techniques
• Discuss research findings and the efficacy of elbow surgery and the efficacy of treatment techniques

Hour 3

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Describe the 3 joints that make up the elbow and explain static and dynamic forces that stabilize the elbow
• Define the boundaries of the cubital tunnel and explain the route of the ulnar nerve as it travels around the elbow
• List and describe the phases involved in throwing and how this activity places stress on the medial aspect of the elbow
• List and describe 5 conditions that produce medial-sided elbow pain including presenting signs and symptoms and how each condition is diagnosed
• Consider differential diagnosis and list 2 conditions that result in anterior, posterior and lateral elbow pain

• Discuss the history DD and how this condition got its name
• List 5 common risk factors for developing DD
• Describe the epidemiology of DD
• Describe 2 common signs and symptoms of DD including which digits are most commonly involved and which digits are generally spared
• Examine and describe the normal anatomy and the significance of the palmar aponeurosis
• Describe the pathogenesis of DD including defining and differentiating between the 3 stage of the disease: proliferative, involutional, residual
• Outline common steps involved in making a diagnosis of DD
• List and describe 3 conservative treatment interventions including the advantages of each
• Describe the role of hand therapy in the treatment of DD
• List 5 possible complications following surgery

• Identify 3 key components to a through wrist examination
• List the 3 dorsal zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• List the 2 volar zones of the wrist and describe 3 important anatomic structures located within each zone
• Name the 6 extensor compartments of the wrist and list the tendons located within each compartment
• Describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect the extensor tendons
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each dorsal zone of the wrist
• List and describe 3 clinical syndromes that effect each volar zone of the wrist
• Describe 1 test used to assess scaphoid instability
• Explain the significance of the Allen’s test
• List and describe 2 tests used to identify Median Nerve compression

• Identify and describe 5 examination components used for evaluating a pt after DRF
• List and describe 4 factors that can influence the progression of therapy with a pt after DFR
• Outline and describe the 3 phases of therapy (early, motion/mobilization, function/strength phase)
• Describe 3 interventions to increase motion of the joints, tendons and intrinsic muscles of a pt after DRF
• Outline and describe the function and strength phase of rehabilitation
• List 2 key points for a HEP Identify and describe 3 common complications after DRF

• Describe the bony anatomy of the carpus and identify the 8 individual bones of the wrist
• Locate and identify the joints that make up the wrist including the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
• List and identify 5 ligaments that play a role in stabilizing the carpus
• Discuss the vascular anatomy of the carpus and list 2 sources of blood supply
• Examine and explain the kinematics of the wrist and describe the significance of individual movement of the carpal bones
• Discuss the kinetics of the carpus and explain how force is transmitted through the distal radius and ulna

• Discuss the principles of surgical treatment of scaphoid nonunion
• Describe the rationale of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe how arthroscopic bone grafting promotes scaphoid union
• List 2 contraindications for the use of arthroscopic bone grafting
• Describe 2 different surgical techniques for the use of scaphoid fractures

• Outline and describe 2 risk factors that predispose patients to the development of complications during the treatment of hand infections 
• State and describe where infection can affect the hand
• Explain how immunosuppressive medications can affect hand infections
• Discuss how delayed presentation effects hand infections 
• Describe complications such as osteomyelitis, stiffness, and soft tissue defects

• Examine the diagnosis of HIV and explain how it compromises the immune system
• Describe the diagnoses of herpetic whitlow, human papillomavirus (HPV) and fungal infections
• Examine the condition of diabetes including diagnosis, presentation, treatment and discuss why people with diabetes are at an increased risk for hand infections
• Describe necrotizing fasciitis and it’s treatment
• Examine the diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and transplant patients and describe why these people are at increased risk for hand infection

• Describe biomechanical factors that influence the stability of the forearm
• Examine the structure and function of the forearm 
• Describe injuries of the PRUJ Describe injuries of the DRUJ 
• Describe injuries of the Central Band 
• Describe injuries associated with attrition of the central band

• Outline and describe the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and list primary and secondary stabilizers of the joint 
• Differentiate simple vs complex DRUJ dislocations 
• Explore TFCC injuries and describe Palmer’s classification of injuries 
• Examine clinical and radiographic methods for diagnosing DRUJ instability 
• Describe Galeazzi and Essex-Lopresti and how they effect the stability of the DRUJ

• Describe the anatomic components and primary stabilizers of the elbow
• Describe the mechanism of injury for elbow dislocations
• List and describe 3 treatment considerations for elbow dislocations in the acute setting
• Examine and describe “Terrible Triad” injuries and discuss how they occur
• Outline 3 mechanisms that contribute to chronic instability of the elbow due to ligamentous inefficiency

• Outline and describe the three main patterns of elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Describe 3 important components of a work-up for elbow-fracture dislocations seen in the emergency room 
• Outline and describe 5 fixation techniques for elbow-fracture dislocation 
• Recite 3 main principles related to aftercare and rehabilitation 
• Examine various complications that occur following elbow-fracture dislocations

Part I - Ulnar Collateral Ligament Evaluation and Diagnostics

• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Median nerve 
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Ulnar nerve
• Describe and outline the anatomy of the Radial nerve 
• List five most common sites for compression of the ulnar nerve around the elbow 
• Outline and describe 3 conditions that effect each nerve: median, ulnar and radial
• Identify common sites of compression of the median and radial nerves

• Describe normal anatomy and function of the distal radioulnar joint (DRJ) 
• Outline and describe pathology of the (DRJ) 
• Summarize 3 key components of an evaluation of the (DRJ) 
• Examine and describe Triangular Fibrocartilage Tears (TFCC) 
• Outline key treatment interventions for acute distal radius fractures, ulna styloid fractures, and chronic distal radius malunion

• Describe the bones that make up the pelvis
• List 3 ligaments that stabilize the pelvis
• List 3 functions of the pelvis
• Differentiate the boundaries of the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis
• List and describe 3 muscles that have attachments withiin the pelvis
• List and describe 5 muscles that have attachments to the pelvis
• List 5 differences between the male and female pelvis
• List and describe the nerve and blood supply to the pelvis
• Describe 4 motions that occur at the pelvis
• Examine bony and soft tissue anatomy of the pelvis using interactive dissection

• Identify the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior boundaries of the core
• List 4 important functions of the core
• Outline and describe bony structures, joint articulations, nerve and blood supply and significant landmarks within the core
• Describe and demonstrate 4 movements of the core and list the primary muscle that is involved in creating that action
• Define and differentiate core stability vs. core strength
• Define and differentiate proprioception vs. kinesthesia
• List 10 muscles of the core and discuss their origin, insertions, actions and innervations
• Locate and examine 5 deep muscles of the core using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 5 superficial muscles of the core using interactive dissection

• List and describe the 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex
• Describe the significance of the clavicle
• Describe the 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex and demonstrate the movements that occur at each joint
• Describe the supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint and differentiate between primary and secondary stabilizers
• List and describe the muscles that make up the rotator cuff
• Explain the scapulohumeral rhythm Explain the function and anatomy of the brachial plexus
• Locate and examine the bones and articulations of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection
• Locate and examine 10 muscles of the shoulder complex using interactive dissection and describe their origin, insertion, action and innervation
• Locate and examine the parts of the brachial plexus using interactive dissection

• Recognize acute situations for which homeopathic remedies are appropriate and effective
• Apply limited homeopathic remedies to acute care situations that arise in practice and day- to-day life
• Evaluate methods of application of homeopathic remedies to fit the situation at hand
• Distinguish between the available homeopathic remedies for a specific situation in order to select the most appropriate remedy for the individual
• Use homeopathic remedies in concert with existing therapeutic training

Hour 1

• List 3 factors which impact the mechanical properties of fascia
• Recall 3 important functions of fascia
• Cite 3 negative biological effects of fibrosis
• Describe 3 proposed neurophysiological effects of IASTM
• Itemize three biological effects of IASTM

Hour 2

• Cite 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Provide 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• Enumerate 8 indications for using IASTM for upper/lower quarter musculoskeletal conditions
• when using IASTM for musculoskeletal disorders.
• List 2 features of IASTM tools and the effect that these features have on the treatment effect (tissue penetration)
• Summarize 5 IASTM basic stroke techniques
• Apply IASTM techniques for over 30 common upper quarter musculoskeletal conditions

Hour 3

• Outline 3 general purposes for using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilizations (IASTM) for lower quarter musculoskeletal disorders.
• Recall 3 clinical indications for using IASTM to the hip
• State 3 clinical indications for providing IASTM to the lumbar spine
• Present 3 clinical indications for using IASTM for knee-related musculoskeletal disorders
• Itemize 3 clinical conditions of the lower leg and foot for which IASTM would be appropriate

• Define the terminology of decontamination, disinfection and sterilization in a clinical setting.
• Explain the basis of universal precautions and its implementation
• Discuss the latest research and evidence for risk of treatment table contamination in chiropractic and manual therapy offices.
• Learn the recommended evidence based disinfection methods of clinician hands, tables and equipment for manual providers.
• Identify the Spaulding Classification System for disinfection and sterilization of patient care items and equipment.

• Examine and describe key characteristics related to the pathophysiology of Hepatitis C including those related to transmission, acute and chronic phase
• List and examine 3 key steps to diagnosing Hepatitis C
• Compare and contrast 2 ways for staging fibrosis seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe 2 clinical manifestations seen in Hepatitis C
• Examine and describe pharmacologic vs. nonpharmacologic therapies seen in Hepatitis C

• Outline and describe the different branches of government including the legislative, executive, judicial
• Define the term law and give an example of how it relates to you as a healthcare professional
• Identify and describe 4 specific sources of law including constitutional, statutory, administrative and common law
• Explain the difference types of law in the United States – criminal vs. civil
• Explain 3 key laws affecting healthcare professionals
• Demonstrate an understanding of the various levels of the United States court system by describing how the court system works at the state and federal levels

• Describe what is meant by statutory reporting duties required of healthcare professionals
• Explain 2 main reasons for documentation of vital statistics
• Explain the importance of birth or death certificates and describe when a physician or coroner needs to sign one
• Identify 2 communicable and sexually transmitted diseases that must be reported
• Describe child, spousal, elder, and sexual abuse and list 3 possible signs of abuse
• Explain the function of an EAP
• Explain addiction and regulations of controlled substances and the U.S. DEA schedule of drugs

• List and describe 2 major issues and challenges that the healthcare industry is confronting
• Describe 1 major challenge to health information technology
• Identify 3 key factors for the need for healthcare reform
• Outline and describe the single-payer model and list 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages
• Describe the various reasons for the shortage of healthcare professionals
• Describe the role of allied health professionals and describe their role in patient care

• Outline and describe 3 purposes of medical records
• List organization and contents within a medical record
• Describe 3 important reasons for correct documentation in a patient medical record
• Name 3 key guidelines for storage, retention, and maintenance of medical records
• Discuss the importance of confidentiality and consent forms for release of medical records
• List rules for HIPAA privacy and security for medical records
• Describe the different types of safeguards for medical records

• List at least two professional qualities necessary for employment in the healthcare field
• Explain workplace standards and expectations
• Outline OSHA regulations for workplace safety
• Describe workplace violence and the employer’s responsibilities
• Describe qui tam and its role in healthcare
• Define and describe types of workplace discrimination
• Explain sexual harassment and describe appropriate employer responses to sexual harassment in the workplace

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder complex
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon

• Describe the osteology and osteologic features of the shoulder
• Describe the 4 joints within the shoulder complex and their associated features
• List 6 kinematic principles of the shoulder complex
• Describe the brachial plexus and innervation of muscles and joints of the shoulder complex
• Summarize the function of the rotator cuff muscles and stabilizing tissues of the structures of the shoulder complex
• Discuss why the glenoid labrum is so vulnerable to injury
• Describe the vulnerability of the supraspinatus tendon
• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability Understand muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Discuss osteology and arthrology of the elbow and forearm
• Describe kinematics of the elbow joint and forearm
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions
• Outline and describe the path of innervation of the brachial plexus
• Discuss sensory innervation of the joints
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the elbow
• Summarize muscle actions that act on the forearm

• Identify carpal bones and osteologic features of the bones of the wrist
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the wrist
• Describe the kinematics of wrist motion
• Define carpal instability
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the wrist
• Outline functional innervations of the wrist
• Discuss the function of muscles of the wrist

• Identify bones and osteologic features of the hand
• Discuss joint structures and ligaments of the hand
• Describe the kinematics of the hand
• Define and differentiate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand
• Compare and contrast muscle and joint interactions of the hand
• Outline sensory innervations of the hand
• List joint deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis

• Describe the functional anatomy of the hip joint
• Describe the arthro and osteokinematics of the hip
• Describe the innervation and muscular function at the hip
• Analyze and list the characteristics of osteoarthritis of the hip
• Describe 3 therapeutic interventions for a painful and unstable hip joint

• Describe osteologic features of the distal femur, proximal tibia fibula and patella
• Describe the individual anatomy of the knee and list 3 key alignment considerations
• Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics at the tibiofemoral joint
• Describe the patellofemoral joint kinematics and muscular function of the knee
• List 3 factors that effect the tracking of the patella across the patellofemoral joint

• Define terms associated with joints and movements of the foot and ankle
• Describe the structure and function of 3 joints associated with the foot
• Describe the structure and function of 8 joints associated with the ankle
• Describe the motor and sensory innervation of the muscles and joints around the foot and and region
• Analyze the structure and function of the extrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle
• Describe impairment following injury to the fibular or tibial nerve
• Analyze the structure and function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with walking such as gait cycle, stance and swing phases
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, horizontal plane and the upper extremity that occur during walking
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during walking
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during walking
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of walking

• Define terminology and descriptors associated with running such as stride length, food angle, step time, running pace
• Describe joint kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane and the upper extemity
• Describe the effects displacement of center of mass and list 3 potential kinetic energy considerations
• Analyze and describe how energy is expended during running
• Examine and describe muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during running
• List and describe 5 factors that effect the mechanics of running

• Utilize reproducible, implementable protocols in your practice
• Apply neurodynamic tests and corrective laser protocols
• Assess and understand traumatic brain injuries (concussion, neurodegenerative diseases)
• Summarize strategies to initiate the positive impact of gut health on the musculoskeletal system
• Elucidate the science of the different types of fasting
• Discuss the breakthrough technique for non-invasive fat reduction
• Apply clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries
• Appreciate new laser research and its clinical applicability
• Assess intestinal and blood-brain dysfunctions
• Perform laser applications

• Integrate infection, evolution, immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, blood flow, mitochondria, ATP, oxidative stress, and DNA.
• Integrate mechanical integrity in gravity, weight, load, levers, posture, mechanoreception, mechanotransduction, mechanobiology, tensegrity, neurology, blood flow, and DNA.
• Justify high vegetable, low lectin, low glycemic dietary habits, and their influence on physiology.
• Summarize problems with refined carbohydrates, monosodium glutamate, aspartame, and chemical toxins.
• Support high intensity interval training, weight lifting, brain derived neurotrophic factor, human growth hormone, and interleukin-10.
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser photon therapy, wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences.
• Develop the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Justify why all people need between 5-8 different supplements and explain why.
• Diagram a protocol for influencing immunology and the brain through the intestinal tract; integrating the vagus nerve and the nucleus tractus solitarius.
• Integrate a protocol for brain function that discusses trauma, degenerative, and vascular compromise.
• Demonstrate a protocol for chronic low back pain that integrates the intervertebral disc, posture, mechanics, exercise, and laser therapy.
• Support a protocol for acute whiplash that includes applying controlled motion and anti-inflammation strategies.
• Apply a protocol for remodeling scar tissue and the fibrosis of repair.

• Summarize the volume of research that led to the USSR implementing laser by 1974 as standard care
• Summarize the differences between LEDs and different classes of lasers
• Discover which wavelength was preferred by the Soviets, and has 18 of the 21 FDA clearances
• Utilize case studies to support that this is not a placebo
• Summarize the results of the level 1, double blind study that showed a 635 nm class 2 laser was more effective than opioids for chronic low back pain of a minimum duration of 8 years
• Discover how to easily integrate laser therapy into an existing practice for better patient outcomes
• contrast the difference in clearances and uses for a class 4 laser vs a class 2 laser for chronic condition for better implementation into treatment protocols
• illustrate treatment applications and contraindications with videos and pictures
• identify the injuries that respond to laser therapy and the research that supports them
• generate a treatment plan with lasers for each condition described
• Contrast the effectiveness of different types of lasers and NSAIDS and Opioids vs laser
• Illustrate techniques via video/pictures
• Identify the specific pathways that research has shown that laser can be beneficial for support of these conditions when applied transcranially
• Classify which conditions are contraindications and which types of lasers are contraindicated transcranially
• Summarize the findings on the autism study and its submission to the FDA for review
• Summarize what occurs on a cellular level after a concussion, and what occurs when laser is applied, and nutrients are utilized
• Classify which injuries and conditions respond well to low level laser
• Illustrate set up methods and treatment protocols for several conditions
• Utilize case studies with video/picture demonstrations
• Summarize the studies that showed improvement from laser therapy in performance metrics like muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Discuss the studies that show a 25 to 35% faster recovery for several sports injuries and auto accident injuries when laser therapy is applied
• Determine how to use laser therapy with athletes in the office both for injuries and for performance enhancement

• Recognize areas of risk and liability within Personal Injury cases
• Identify common med-legal concerns
• Recognize various important components associated with the Personal Injury history
• Improve the accuracy and thoroughness of the initial Personal Injury history
• Examine and document common Personal Injury traumatic injuries 
• Create a plan to minimize patient risk and improve provider outcomes
• Recognize the versatility and benefits of low level laser therapy for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Develop clinical protocols for low lever laser application and documentation for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Recognize conditions, injuries and symptoms requiring advanced imaging 
• Apply diagnostics and humanize trauma cases
• Discover the importance and relevance of Personal Injury case management 
• Identify opportunities for improved clinical decision making and case management

• Summarize the differences between the effects of 635 nm laser and 405 nm laser
• Illustrate effective protocols with the laser and exercises to support each condition
• Discuss case studies to demonstrate potential therapeutic outcomes
• Summarize the results of the level 1, double blind study that showed the effectiveness of class 2 635 nm for chronic pain and inflammation
• Discuss how inflammation can lead to many chronic musculoskeletal conditions that affect people in the United States
• Use lab testing to identify inflammation
• Illustrate treatment applications and contraindications
• Identify the conditions that respond to laser therapy for support, the research that supports them, and to identify which conditions are either not supported with laser therapy or are contraindicated
• Aggregate which class of lasers can be used for support and which are contraindicated
• Generate a treatment plan with lasers for different musculoskeletal conditions
• Categorize the negative impacts of scar tissue on range of motion, pain, and function
• Classify which conditions are contraindications and which types of lasers are contraindicated 
• Summarize the changes that occur in scar tissue and when movement of tissue or a joint triggers pain for a prolonged period
• Apply low level laser to musculoskeletal injuries that respond well to low level laser
• Summarize the studies that have been published on PubMed for these conditions being supported with lasers
• Set up methods and treatment protocols for several conditions
• Summarize the studies that showed improvement from laser therapy in performance metrics like muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Comprehend the studies that show a 25 to 35% faster recovery for several sports injuries and auto accident injuries when laser therapy is applied
• Use laser therapy with athletes in the office both for injuries and for performance enhancement by rehabilitating their balance and coordination with lasers

• Describe the concept of intersectionality and how it can affect the lives of young black gay and bisexual men
• Identify factors contributing to adverse health outcomes in young black gay and bisexual men
• Summarize special considerations for the care of LGBTQ youth
• Identify strategies that individual providers can use to provide more patient-centered care for LGBTQ youth
• Summarize the current knowledge in scope, clinical presentation, screening and management of eating disorders
• Identify the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders in sexual minority adolescents

• Define lymphedema 
• Summarize the 4 components of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) 
• Recite 3 indications for CDT 
• Recall 3 contraindications for CDT 
• Explain the course of treatment for lymphedema with CDT

• Become familiar with and describe the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system
• Understand pathophysiology and recite 3 reasons why excess weight is a risk factor for lymphedema
• Describe the role of the lymphatic system in the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease
• Outline and describe the role of management of lymphatic conditions including diagnosis, treatment, decongestive therapy and other methods of surgical and conservative treatment methods
• Explore lipedema including diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment interventions 
• Read clinical case studies to highlight clinical application

• Recite the definition of lipedema and list 5 signs and symptoms
• Describe the pathophysiology and pathology associated with lipedema
• List 5 complications and combinations with other diseases
• Explain the prognosis for patients with lipedema
• Differentiate between the diagnosis of lipedema and and common differential diagnosis
• Become familiar with the role of therapy for patients with lipedema

• Define and differentiate cyclic-idiopathic, idiopathic-orthostatic and idiopathic edema syndromes
• Define and describe edema syndromes independent of the menstrual cycle
• Describe 3 generalized edemas caused by abuse of diuretics and or laxatives
• Become familiar and list the components of rehabilitation with generalized edemas
• Describe the physiological edema that occurs during pregnancy

• Recite the basic principles of Decongestive Kinesiotherapy and Respiratory Therapy
• Describe the functional rehab of pts with lymphedema
• Recall 3 effects of radiation
• Describe the chronic effects of radiation
• Compare and contrast principles of manual lymph drainage
• Describe the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis
• Become familiar with compression therapy with radiation induced plexopathy

• Recall the physiology with venous hemodynamics of the leg
• Recite the pathophysiology of venous hemodynamics in CVI
• Describe post-thrombotic syndrome and understand treatment, pathophysiology and clinical stages
• Become familiar with suprafascial CVI
• Compare and contrast the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CVI
• List 5 methods of prevention for CVI and VLI
• Describe components of complete decongesitive therapy and drug therapy used with CVI and VLI

• Become familiar with soft tissue x-rays
• Compare and contrast cross-section imaging including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound
• Differentiate between the use of direct and indirect lymphography
• Describe radiological diagnostics using radioisotopes including lymphoscintigraphy and isotope lymphography
• Describe the respective value of each of the imaging procedures

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Recall the clinical definition of adhesive capsulitis, based on shoulder range of motion measurements.
• List 5 risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
• Enumerate the 4 pathophysiological stages of adhesive capsulitis.
• List and define the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Provide 2 clinical findings for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• State 3 treatment guidelines for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Summarize the grades of evidence for common physical therapy interventions (i.e. therapeutic exercise, joint mobilizations, modalities and patient education) for adhesive capsulitis

Hour One:

• List three non-musculoskeletal diagnoses that can affect the hip with referred pain.
• Describe two symptoms of axial spondyloarthropathy that may mimic posterior gluteal pain
• Describe sacral insufficiency.
• List three risk factors of statin involved muscle pain.

 Hour Two:

• Describe the key features of soft tissue posterior buttock pain.
• Describe the key features of peripheral nerve related posterior buttock pain.
• List three variable in the proposed CPR for lumbar radiculopathy.
• Describe the referral pattern of thoracolumbar involvement.

 Hour Three:

• List three symptoms of a labral defect of the hip.
• List two variables for the CPR of Osteoarthritis of the hip.
• List four factors documented in the clinical presentation of Gluteal tendinopathy.
• Describe four aspects of the pathomechanics for gluteal tendinopathy

• Recognize pathology associated with common sports injuries
• Outline the mechanism of injury for various hand injuries
• Recognize treatment interventions for upper extremity injuries

• List some of the most common medical errors reported in the US health care system
• List the three major systems that the President of the US in 2000 mentioned in his speech regarding errors in the health care system and discuss ways these tools could help decrease errors in our health care system
• Name a few organizations that collect data from health organizations to help analyze medical errors to help correct on a state level, and a national level
• Discuss the Evidence Based Practice and converse why this is an important concept in preventing medical errors
• Name the industry that is the template for a medical error system that works on each level of the structure, denying individual blame
• List some concepts in quality improvement that AHRQ and other organizations are working on to decrease Medical errors