Orthopedics - Chiropractic Student



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Ortho 116 : Back Pain, Neck Pain and Tension Type Headaches in Children
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$22.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Determine the epidemiology of low back pain in children and adolescents
  • Assess the risk factors associated with back pain in school children
  • Outline the effect of an intervention to improve sitting habits in schoolchildren
  • Assess the effects of reading a book or using a computer on neck and upper back muscle activity in children
  • Review the diagnostic criteria of tension-type headaches in children

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 115 : Waddell Signs and Non-Organic Pain
1.0

Leanne Cupon, DC, DACRB and Warren Jahn, DC, DIANM (US)

$21.00 USD

Text


More Course Information ▶
  • Identify common underlying causes of non-organic pain
  • Recognize the eight Waddell signs of non-organic back pain
  • Develop a level of knowledge, comprehension, and understanding of the medicolegal system as it relates to Waddell signs
  • Encourage development and nurturing of skill sets in utilizing Waddell signs

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 114 : Low Back Pain: Causes, Ergonomics and Exercise
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$22.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Learn current perspectives on which structures are strongly but variably linked to back pain
  • Review the state-of-the art in low back disorders research applied to ergonomics
  • Describe workplace design guidelines for asymptomatic and low back pain workers
  • Determine the influence of exercise on lumbar spine disorders

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 113 : Backpacks: Research, Health Effects and Clinical Recommendations
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$22.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Summarize recommendations for backpack use
  • Appraise recent research on backpacks and human health
  • Discuss the effects of backpacks on musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal variables
  • Describe current studies on backpack use in children: perceptions, load, biomechanics, physiology

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 112 : Low Back Pain and Disorders: Health Status and Risk, Lumbar Curvature, Movement Impairments
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$22.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Summarize the affects of low back health status on low back disorder risk
  • Discuss the relation between lumbar curvature and LBP risk factors during postural loading
  • Assess the relation between asymmetric lifting and spine loading
  • Describe the differences in spine kinematics between LBP patients and normal controls
  • Analyze the functional deficits that occur following low back disorders

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 111 : Back Belts: Biomechanics, Recommendations and Use of, Affordances
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$22.00 USD

Text


More Course Information ▶
  • Discuss the biomechanical, physiological and psychological evidence for the use of back belts
  • Identify and describe recent recommendations and findings for the use of back belts.
  • Discuss the principle of affordances and how they relate to environmental constraints (such as a back belt) and posture.

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 109 : Neck Pain and Dysfunction: Anticipatory Control, Fatigue, Rehabilitation Through Exercise
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$23.00 USD

Downloadable Course in PDF, Text


More Course Information ▶
  • Describe neck anticipatory control with pain
  • Describe lateralized fatigue with unilateral neck pain
  • Assess head and trunk motion during neck manipulation
  • Identify neuromuscular dysfunction in neck pain patients
  • Outline exercises for the rehabilitation of neck neuromuscular dysfunction

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 105 : Postural and Spinal Stability: Introduction, Changes with Posture and Strength Training
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$20.00 USD

Downloadable Course in PDF, Text


More Course Information ▶
  • Review an Introduction to the Clinical Biomechanics of Stability
  • Identify causes of select musculoskeletal injuries
  • Describe how LBP in golfers alters motor control
  • Describe spinal stability changes with posture
  • Distinguish how stability improves with resistance training

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 104 : Muscular Strength in Clinical Practice: Influence of Chiropractic, Assessment with Dynamometry, Training Principles and Guidelines
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$20.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Distinguish Chiropractic influences on muscular strength
  • Develop the use of hand-held dynamometry in chiropractic practice
  • Identify basic strength training principles for chiropractors
  • Construct basics of strength training guidelines for all ages

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 103 : Cervical Spine Biomechanics and Whiplash, Muscle Adaptation to Stretching, Manipulation and EMG
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$20.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Review normal cervical biomechanics and apply to examination
  • Discuss some effects of manipulation on EMG/ROM
  • Recognize lumbar movements during mobilization
  • Discuss how whiplash invisibility is not evidence of absence of injury
  • Understand muscle adaptation through stretching

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon

Ortho 102 : Posture: Biomechanics and Control, Relation to Injuries
1.0

Dean Smith, DC, PhD

$20.00 USD

AudioVisual Course


More Course Information ▶
  • Identify differences between strength and balance training
  • Discuss the dynamic aspects of posture
  • Learn aspects of Postural control in chronic LBP patients
  • Understand relationship of posture and sports injuries
  • Review some concepts of posture, mobility and pain in children

Approved States/Territories
  • ALAlabama
  • AKAlaska
  • ABAlberta
  • ASAmerican Samoa
  • AZArizona
  • ARArkansas
  • AEArmed Forces all AE
  • AAArmed Forces Americas
  • APArmed Forces Pacific
  • BCBritish Columbia
  • CACalifornia
  • COColorado
  • CTConnecticut
  • DEDelaware
  • DCDistrict of Columbia
  • FMFederated States of Micronesia
  • FLFlorida
  • GAGeorgia
  • GUGuam
  • HIHawaii
  • IDIdaho
  • ILIllinois
  • INIndiana
  • IAIowa
  • KSKansas
  • KYKentucky
  • LALouisiana
  • MEMaine
  • MBManitoba
  • MHMarshall Islands
  • MDMaryland
  • MAMassachusetts
  • MIMichigan
  • MNMinnesota
  • MSMississippi
  • MOMissouri
  • MTMontana
  • NENebraska
  • NVNevada
  • NBNew Brunswick
  • NHNew Hampshire
  • NJNew Jersey
  • NMNew Mexico
  • NYNew York
  • NLNewfoundland and Labrador
  • NCNorth Carolina
  • NDNorth Dakota
  • MPNorthern Mariana Islands
  • NTNorthwest Territories
  • NSNova Scotia
  • NUNunavut
  • OHOhio
  • OKOklahoma
  • ONOntario
  • OROregon
  • PWPalau
  • PAPennsylvania
  • PEPrince Edward Island
  • PRPuerto Rico
  • QCQuebec
  • RIRhode Island
  • SKSaskatchewan
  • SCSouth Carolina
  • SDSouth Dakota
  • TNTennessee
  • TXTexas
  • UTUtah
  • VTVermont
  • VIVirgin Islands
  • VAVirginia
  • WAWashington
  • WVWest Virginia
  • WIWisconsin
  • WYWyoming
  • YTYukon