• Implement evidence-based strategies to enhance emotional regulation and coping mechanisms for managing hypomimia in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
• Apply advanced techniques for drooling management to promote patient comfort and maintain dignity during activities of daily living.
• Design and instruct patients in effective swallowing exercises to ensure safe and efficient oral intake during meals and hydration.
• Facilitate the strengthening of facial muscles and expressions to improve non-verbal communication and social engagement for Parkinson's patients.

• Explore cutting-edge cognitive rehabilitation techniques that enhance brain function and recovery.
• Develop personalized strategies to address individual cognitive challenges and improve overall mental agility.
• Gain clinically applicable experience with innovative tools and technologies that support cognitive rehabilitation practices.
• Foster a collaborative learning environment to share insights and best practices for effective cognitive rehabilitation.

• Use the function of various deep brain structures  to formulate treatment strategies for patients suffering with Parkinson’s Disease based on the latest studies.
• Match specific non-invasive  techniques to target precise deep brain structures  in Parkinson’s Disease patients.
• Discuss the physiological effects of deep brain activation techniques and their applications to the care of Parkinson’s Disease patients.
• Apply specific techniques related to activation of the Pedunculopontine, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamic Nucleus  and VIM to the rehabilitation of patients wih Parkinson’s Disease.

• Apply available non-invasive neuromodulation techniques to formulate therapeutic targets for patients suffering with Parkinson’s Disease based on the latest studies.
• Match specific non-invasive neuromodulation techniques to target precise physical impairments in Parkinson’s Disease patients.
• Discuss the physiological effects of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques and their applications to the care of Parkinson’s Disease patients.
• Use vagal nerve stimulation, galvanic vestibular stimulation,  transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, rhythmic auditory stimulation and other neuromodulation techniques to assist in the rehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease patients.

• Apply neurotrophic factors to formulate therapeutic targets for patients suffering with Parkinson’s Disease based on  studies of the effect of natural substances on neurotrophic enhancement.
• Match specific herbal and natural formulas to target precise neurotrophic pathways.
• Map out the function of BDNF, GDNF, CDNF, MANF and Nurr-1 related to the proliferation, migration, maturation and functional connection of neural stem cells.
• Utilize specific natural substances for their potential to reverse pathology related to Parkinson’s Disease through the stimulation of neurogenesis.

• Apply an understanding of NAD+  metabolism to formulate therapeutic targets for patients suffering with Parkinson’s Disease based on  studies of the effect of natural substances on neurodegeneration.
• Match specific herbal and natural formulas to target precise pathways related to neuroprotection.
• Formulate Parkinson’s Disease specific strategies to suppress SARM1 and DLK neurodegeneration pathways.
• Discuss the similarities between alpha synuclein molecules and prion proteins.

• Apply knowledge of alpha synuclein metabolism to formulate targets for patients suffering with Parkinson’s Disease based on studies of the effect of natural substances on alpha synuclein pathology.
• Match specific herbal and natural formulas to target precise defects in the pathological metabolism of alpha synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease.
• Map out the complex life cycle of alpha synuclein with specific emphasis on known defects that create pathological inclusion bodies in neurons of Parkinson’s Disease patients.
• Recognize natural substances for their potential to reverse pathology related to misfolded alpha synuclein molecules.

• Develop a comprehensive understanding of common biomarkers relative to Parkinson's disease patients.
• Explore the utility of Cystatin C relative to Parkinson's patients
• Analyze the newly released Neurofilament Light Chain biomarker and its role in Parkinson's disease patients.
• Examine the role of glial cells in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and investigate the potential of the S100B protein as a biomarker for tissue damage in Parkinson's disease patients.
• Gain insights into the significance of glial cells in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and evaluate the efficacy of the S100B protein as a biomarker for tissue damage in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease.
• Make appropriate referrals to Medical Doctors for Parkinsons Patients

• Classify a Parkinson's disease patient using the H and Y scale
• Formulate a specific treatment plan for musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by an individual patient.
• Use the Parkinson's Autonomic Rating Scale to formulate a treatment plan for non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
• Recognize and utilize the three main staging and scoring scales of the conditions.
• Utilize the three major components of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale to formulate a specific treatment plan for your patient.
• Understand how the autonomic scoring scale for Parkinson's overlaps and interacts with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score.
• Combine the rating scales to formulate a stage for disability for the Parkinson's patient.
• Utilize the United Parkinson's Rating Scale to craft a patient-specific rehabilitation program.
• Recognize Parkinsons and refer to appropriate healthcare providers as indicated.

• Recall classifications of neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Itemize the four-step approach to management of ADHD.
• Administer sensorimotor integration techniques – Interactive Metronome.
• Assess balance and posture and implement rehabilitation.
• Observe eye movement abnormalities and implement therapeutic protocols.

• List common symptoms and physical examination findings that are seen with concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries.
• Recognize red flags and referrals needed in patients diagnosed with concussion.
• Implement tools like the CDC’s Acute Concussion Evaluation into the patient interview.
• Utilizef advanced imaging and diagnostic testing used for the diagnosis of concussion and pathologies that resemble concussion.
• Identify specific findings from the patient interview and examination that led to the diagnosis of other co-occurring pathologies

• Define physiological lesion & functional lesion
• Differentiate an anatomical pathology from physiological pathology
• Recognize the debate on it’s validity
• Apply the defined lesions to current known brain pathologies
• Illustrate the physiological lesion in known cord pathologies
• Demonstrate how the lesions can be measured
• Examine the applications to manipulative therapy
• Investigate clinical application
• Evaluate the validity of the theory to chiropractic applications.

• Formulate a viable alternative treatment for chemotherapy induced neuropathy.
• Offer guidance to patients on how they may prevent or reduce the severity of chemotherapy induced neuropathy.
• Utilize various forms of nervous system  stimulation as a substitute for  acupuncture.
• Apply techniques for determining where nerves are attempting to heal and formulate a treatment strategy designed to accelerate nerve repair.
• Choose the most beneficial type of stimulation and the optimal locations where stimulation should reduce  symptoms and promote nerve repair in chemotherapy induced neuropathy.

• Draw the components of the Central Autonomic Network
• Relate the effects of brain lateralization and asymmetry to sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and tone.
• Apply the technique of High Voltage Galvanic stimulation to create a non-invasive Stellate Ganglion Block.
• Apply Lo-TENs to transcutaneously perform Vagal Nerve Stimulation.

• Discuss how small fiber nerve dysfunction may contribute  to painful conditions commonly seen in chiropractic practice.
• Apply the Thermal Grill to evoke Conditioned Pain Modulation and Offset Analgesia to relieve neuropathy pain.
• Utilize techniques to treat deafferentation pain.

• Obtain the most appropriate diagnostic tests  for their patients suspected of suffering from small fiber neuropathy
• Implement the use of serum biomarkers for the management of small fiber neuropathy
• Utilize hair analysis for heavy metals, in cases of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
• Implement a nutritional detox strategy for the elimination of heavy metals in patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy
• Institute a nutritional strategy to elevate NAD+  or to down regulate NAMPT to protect axons from degeneration in cases of peripheral neuropathy.

• Relate the effects of chemotherapy to the development of neuropathy.
• Draw the pathways specific to Lamina I versus Lamina V sensory pathways.
• Discuss basic science research that links Na, Ca and TRPA1 ion channels with hyper-excitability of sensory neurons.
• Apply Lo-TENs over acupuncture points known to down regulate TRPA1 and PKC for the treatment of neuropathy.
• Utilize natural substances that modulate ions channels related to neuropathy.

• Identify the domains of and concepts within motor control
• Outline some research on chiropractic's influence on motor control
• Discuss principles of motor control and rehabilitation applied to practice

Hour 1

• Identify and recite all components of the neurological examination 
• Outline basic peripheral and central nervous system pathways that are clinically relevant to the bedside (ambulatory) neurological examination.
• Perform an examination of the cranial nerve and somatic motor system, including aspects of strength, tone and volume.

Hour 2

• Perform an examination of the cranial nerve and somatic sensory system, including sensory testing of deep and superficial CNS pathways.
• Perform an examination of the reflex system, including testing of deep, superficial, visceral and pathological reflexes.

Hour 3

• Perform an examination of the movement, balance and coordination systems, including tests of cerebellar function.
• Demonstrate an examination flow and performing tests taking the patient from sitting to standing, to the supine and prone positions.
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the central nervous system.
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the peripheral nervous system.

Hour 1

• Identify and recite all components of the neurological examination 
• Outline basic peripheral and central nervous system pathways that are clinically relevant to the bedside (ambulatory) neurological examination.
• Perform an examination of the cranial nerve and somatic motor system, including aspects of strength, tone and volume.

Hour 2

• Perform an examination of the cranial nerve and somatic sensory system, including sensory testing of deep and superficial CNS pathways.
• Perform an examination of the reflex system, including testing of deep, superficial, visceral and pathological reflexes.

Hour 3

• Perform an examination of the movement, balance and coordination systems, including tests of cerebellar function.
• Demonstrate an examination flow and performing tests taking the patient from sitting to standing, to the supine and prone positions.
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the central nervous system.
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the peripheral nervous system.

• Define the trophic model
• Describe the pathology of trophic model to your patients
• Apply the trophic model of subluxation into clinical practice
• Detect signs & symptoms that correlate with the trophic model
• Extrapolate the model to patient care, especially maintenance manipulative therapy.

Hour 1 - 5

• Recognize Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in your chiropractic patients
• Summarize the prevalence in your patient population
• Identify the type of patient that presents with TBI
• Explain why a chiropractor needs to differential diagnose TBI patients
• Compile correlations of TBI inciting factors with your patient presentations
• Demonstrate the pathology that occurs with TBI
• Classify the grades of TBI and discriminate what can be treated conservatively
• Identify the incidence of injuries that commonly cause TBI
• Evaluate the probability of TBI in your patient
• Describe the many different types of evaluations, in the field, in the office and upon referral
• Implement in-office Screening Tools and apply diagnostic criteria
• Identify the risk of post-concussive syndrome
• Detect patients with “Brain Cognitive Reserve”
• Identify Second Impact Syndrome
• Assess the value of MRI
• Identify Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
• Integrate the current concepts of conservative treatment
• Design Cognitive Rehab
• Provide appropriate patient advice, treatment or referral options

Hour 6

• Define the trophic model
• Describe the pathology of trophic model to your patients
• Apply the trophic model of subluxation into clinical practice
• Detect signs & symptoms that correlate with the trophic model
• Extrapolate the model to patient care, especially maintenance manipulative therapy.

• Recognize Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in your chiropractic patients
• Summarize the prevalence in your patient population
• Identify the type of patient that presents with TBI
• Explain why a chiropractor needs to differential diagnose TBI patients
• Compile correlations of TBI inciting factors with your patient presentations
• Demonstrate the pathology that occurs with TBI
• Classify the grades of TBI and discriminate what can be treated conservatively
• Identify the incidence of injuries that commonly cause TBI
• Evaluate the probability of TBI in your patient
• Describe the many different types of evaluations, in the field, in the office and upon referral
• Implement in-office Screening Tools and apply diagnostic criteria
• Identify the risk of post-concussive syndrome
• Detect patients with “Brain Cognitive Reserve”
• Identify Second Impact Syndrome
• Assess the value of MRI
• Identify Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
• Integrate the current concepts of conservative treatment
• Design Cognitive Rehab
• Provide appropriate patient advice, treatment or referral options

• Compared and contrast galvanic vestibular stimulation and Tone Burst Vestibular Stimulation in the treatment of the balance impaired patient.
• Apply the polarity specific effects of the anode and cathode on the vestibular system for amelioration of common balance impairments.
• Identify the anatomical location of electrode placement for Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.
• Create a treatment strategy using Tone Bursts based on physiological pairing of semicircular canals.
• Apply Specific Tone Protocols based on Saccule versus Utricle dysfunction in balance impaired patients.

• Communicate the risks, potential benefits and the investigational nature of tDC with a potential patient for the purpose of securing a written informed consent prior to treatment
• Understand the similarities and differences between low voltage direct current and high voltage pulsed galvanic and how to apply knowledge of their polarity specific effects in clinical neuromodulation
• Identify brain targets for neuromodulation and construct a therapeutic electrode montage, treatment protocol in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and dose of tDC 
• Explain the theory of tDC as it relates to pain modulation based on contemporaneous scientific literature
• Apply tDC  as an adjunct procedure to assist in intractable pain relief

• Discuss the history of GVS and the historic use of GVS as diagnostic procedure.
• Identify the effects of GVS on the nervous system and use this information to construct an effective clinical protocol for his/her patient
• Apply GVS as an adjunct procedure to assist in balance rehabilitation.
• Understand and apply GVS as part of a comprehensive strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes.
• Create a treatment protocol in terms of electrode placement, intensity, duration and precautions for the use of GVS in clinical practice.

• Understand the differences and similarities between TENs, low voltage and high voltage galvanic and be able to use this knowledge to select the most appropriate type to stimulation for use in ts-DC applications
• Apply precautions, other safety considerations and informed consent when administering high voltage galvanic stimulation for non-invasive spinal cord stimulation.
• Craft evidence-based treatment strategies using ts-DC stimulation for pain control and modulation of both ascending sensory and descending motor pathways based on recently published literature on central nervous systems effects of direct current stimulation.
• Be able to select optimal electrode placement for ts-DC based on clinical presentation of the patient
• Understand the basic technique for non-invasive Stellate Ganglion transcutaneous stimulation and its possible application for sympathetic maintained pain.

• Discuss stimulation parameters for using High Voltage Galvanic stimulation for neuromodulation
• Identify optimal ranges for pulse-width, milli-AMPs, phase and other parameters of electrical stimulation
• Differentiate and choose optimal types of electrical stimulation (TENS vs. HVG) for clinician applications
• Draw out the neuro-anatomical pathways of vagal nerve stimulation and use this information to guide appropriate use of vagal nerve stimulation in clinical practice
• Discuss the investigational nature of tVNS, potential risk-benefits, with patients and construct a treatment plan using tVNS with a properly informed and consenting patient.

• Compared and contrast usual transcutaneous nerve stimulation techniques (TENs) with techniques of non-invasive neuromodulation using High Voltage Pulsed Galvanic stimulation
• Identify the anatomical location of electrode placement for central and peripheral non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Differentiate various forms of peripheral versus central non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Discuss the theory of application and be able to apply techniques of non-invasive neuromodulation in practice.
• Create a strategy for neuromodulation of the patient suffering from neuropathy
• Identify appropriate choices of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques for a patient suffering from neuropathy.
• Breakdown risk versus benefits of neuromodulation and be able to discuss them with the patient suffering from neuropathy
• Appraise a neuropathy patient and construct a comprehensive neuropathy treatment plan which includes non-invasive neuromodulation techniques
• Breakdown and discuss the investigational nature of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques and understand the importance of obtaining written informed consent before proceeding with non-invasive neuromodulation in neuropathy patients
• Comprehend the basic electronics of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques.

• Utilize natural substances as neurotransmitter based treatments for neuropathy.
• Identify GABA modulating substances and their effects on GABA metabolism and GABA receptors
• Utilize natural substances that modulate Glutamate metabolism and receptors
• Differentiate the roles of GABA, Glutamate and Glycine receptors in pain processing
• Create a strategy to modulation neurotransmitter receptors using natural substances for pain relief

• Discuss how insulin signaling abnormalities can directly and indirectly contribute to neuropathy
• Utilize natural substances that modulate insulin signaling pathways
• Differentiate the roles of Endocannabinoid receptors in pain processing versus recreation “High”
• Create a strategy to modulation Endocannabinoids receptors with legal natural substances for pain relief
• Understand the role of Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) in the development of symptoms of neuropathy and also the role of NGF promoting natural substances which may stimulate repair and regeneration.

• Relate the effects of voltage gated sodium and calcium channels to the development of neuropathy
• Draw the pathways specific of TRPs, NaV 1.8 and CaV 3.2 ion channels in the nervous system
• Understand the application of selective NaV 1.8 and CaV 3.2 channel blockers in patients with neuropathy
• Discuss basic science research that links ion channels with the signs and symptoms of neuropathy
• Utilize the neurobiology of the Rubber Hand phenomena to treat patients with peripheral neuropathy.
• Discuss various ion channels and their roles in neuron hyper-excitability related to neuropathy
• Utilize natural substances that modulate ions channels related to neuropathy
• Differentiate the roles of Protein Kinase C and Aldose Reductase  in neuropathy
• Identify potential signaling pathways that are targets of neuromodulation through natural substances
• Prepare a comprehensive natural-substance management strategy for patients with neuropathy

• Contrast historical versus neuroanatomical theories of acupuncture
• Describe the 4 basic mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia.
• Identify and utilize the local, segmental and central effects of acupuncture for neuropathy pain control
• Combine nutraceutical substances that may enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture
• Prepare a comprehensive acupuncture point prescription for maximum analgesic effects in patients suffering from neuropathy 
• Contrast real versus placebo acupuncture and discuss the pitfalls in placebo controlled trials
• Utilized knowledge of the effects of acupuncture on GABA, Glutamate & 5HTP to maximize acupuncture analgesia in neuropathy patients
• Utilize basic pharmacognosy to support and enhance the neurotransmitter effects of acupuncture
• Apply sensory stimulation techniques to promote Neurotrophic factors in nerve repair and regeneration
• Apply the basic science of acupuncture as a bridge to non-invasive neuromodulation in neuropathy patients

• Explore current understanding of pain concepts, physiology and theories behind neuropathic pain and allodynia
• Discuss the importance of the neurological implications of a nerve injury
• Describe mechanisms of neural plasticity
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of relevant components of human nervous system as it relates to neural plasticity, articular neurology, and mechanisms of pain

• Explore current understanding of pain concepts, physiology and theories behind neuropathic pain
• Discuss in detail the relevant neurological anatomy and functional neurology
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of relevant components of human nervous system as it relates to pain receptors and neural integration
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of relevant components of human nervous system as it relates to neural plasticity, articular neurology, and mechanisms of pain

• Further elucidate the neurological aspects of manipulation
• Discuss nociceptive input to the spinal cord
• Review mechanoreceptors and their fibers
• Identify the relationship of mechanoreceptors with endorphin/enkephalin
• Analyze the history of referred pain patterns

• Identify the neurological aspects of manipulation
• Review the basics of cellular physiology as it relates to manipulation
• Discuss action potentials and synapses
• Evolve an understanding of receptors
• Describe nociception and effects of manipulation

• Maintain proper records of neurological examination in the SOAP format
• Write narrative reports reflecting the neurological examination
• Apply an outline of fundamental procedures in performing a complete chiropractic neurological examination

• Perform a clinical assessment of pain and function
• Explain the psychophysiological profile of pain patients
• Discuss the treatment of pain

• Perform an examination of the systems involved with Movement and Coordination
• Discuss cerebellar anatomy
• Differentially Diagnose by applying clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction
• Recognize cerebellar syndromes by their anatomical areas
• Apply specific principles of examination to improve the Chiropractic Spinal Examination
• Describe specific procedures of the spinal examination

• Perform an appropriate examination of the reflexes, including deep tendon, superficial, visceral and pathological reflexes
• Describe the anatomy associated with reflexes
• Properly grade and record reflexes
• Interpret the Results of Reflex Testing

• Perform and chart a neurological examination of the voluntary motor system and the somatic sensory system
• Apply results of the examination findings in the differential diagnosis of patients
• Describe the three neuron pathway involved with sensorineural innervation
• Discuss multimodal sensations

• Cite anatomy and function of the cranial nerves
• Examine the twelve cranial nerves during a clinical examination
• Discuss disorders of cranial nerves

• This course contains all content from Neurological Exam 101 through 107. Please see educational objectives for those courses

• Demonstrate skills to properly perform a patient interview
• Properly record a chief complaint
• Perform a neurological examination of the head and neck
• Perform a mental status examination

• Describe the relationship of the sympathetic nervous system and immunology.
• Relate the sympathetic nervous system and headache.
• Emphasize the importance of the opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter and pain suppression.
• Summarize activation of the periaqueductal gray matter with chiropractic adjusting for pain suppression.
• Define the tensegrous matrix as relevant to chiropractic assessment and care.
• Integrate electrical nerve interference as a component of the subluxation complex.
• Explore the “corking” of cerebral fluid flow as related to the occiput-atlas subluxation.
• Define the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of chiropractic use by the US population.
• Empathize the importance of the first-class lever system of upright posture to the chiropractic profession.
• Establish the functional and physiological relationship between the brain and the cervical spine.
• Discuss the integrated physiology between inflammation, fibrosis, the Gate Theory, and chiropractic adjusting.
• Create a model of pain based upon the fibrosis of repair, motion, and the Gate Theory.
• Complete an interactive model of neuroimmunology using mechanoreceptors, the sympathetic nervous system, norepinephrine and neurological magnification.
• Complete an interactive exercise of spinal mechanoreceptor driven vestibular nuclei controls of somatic function and visceral function.
• Integrate the importance of constant v. non-constant thalamic summation/integration.

• Explore contemporary healthcare issues from the perspective of Robert Lustig, MA and John Abramson, MD.
• Integrate the relevance of these issues to the chiropractic profession.
• Evaluate at the concept of evidence-based “medicine,” especially the “randomized controlled trial,” and describe how it applies to the chiropractic profession.
• Discriminate recent examples of “randomized controlled trials,” especially as related to pain syndromes and opioid drugs.Discusss the importance of the 2021 Nobel Prize for the chiropractic profession and mechanical-based care.
• Detail the physiology of the Piezo1 mechanical receptor.
• Introduce the concepts of mechanical function and mechanical neurology.
• Integrate the importance of the cerebellum to mechanical integrity and mechanical based care.
• Explain a randomized clinical trial that supports mechanical-based chiropractic care for visceral physiology.
• Distinguish the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
• State the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
• Outline the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
• Integrate the balance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.
• Recite the relationship between the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Explore the concept of Heart Rate Variability (HRV).
• Integrate upper cervical chiropractic care, spinal chiropractic care, and HRV.