Online Continuing Education Courses

Section I: Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics of Shoulder Stability in the Athlete

• Define instabilty
• List anatomic structures that stabilize the shoulder
• Understand the classification system of shoulder instability
• Understand the pathoanatomy of traumatic anterior instability
• Understand the pathoanatomy of traumatic posterior instability
• Become familiar with pathoanatomy of atraumatic instability

Section II: Biomechanical Complex Shoulder Instability

• Become familiar with shoulder anatomy and the osseous defects most commonly associated with shoulder instability
• Become familiar with soft tissue techniques to stabilize the shoulder
• Understand how bone grafting or transfer of the coracoid process can address glenoid defects
• List 5 techniques used to correct humeral head defects

Section III: Mechanics and Pathomechanics in the Overhead Athlete

• Outline the normal mechanics involved in overhead throwing
• Discuss and recognize pathomechanics in overhead throwing
• Understand and recognize impairments proximal and distal to symptoms in order to restore normal kinetics

Section IV: Imaging Instability in the Athlete

• Discuss the benefits of Intra-articular contrast and direct magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography over conventional MR imaging when evaluating an athlete with shoulder instability
• List diagnostic alternatives for patients with a contraindication to MR imaging
• Become familiar with which plane measurements are more accurate for patients with Hill-Sachs lesions
• Discuss which type of CT is more reliable and accurate at quantifying glenoid bone loss

Section V: Decision Making in the In-Season Athlete with Shoulder Instability

• Review epidemiology of anterior and posterior shoulder instability
• Become familiar with physical examination and on-field management of for anterior and posterior shoulder instability
• List non-operative techniques to manage anterior and posterior shoulder instability
• List operative techniques to manage anterior and posterior shoulder instability